scholarly journals REDUCING HEALTH INEQUALITIES AS A COMPONENT OF THE HEALTH TRAINING PROGRAMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-942
Author(s):  
Tetiana S. Gruzieva ◽  
Nataliia V. Hrechyshkina ◽  
Mykhаilo D. Diachuk ◽  
Vasyl A. Dufynets
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Difference

The aim: identifying the characteristics and trends of inequalities in the health of the population to substantiate the educational content of the curriculum for the training of Master in Public Health. Materials and methods: Bibliographic, sociological, medical-statistical and information-analytical methods were used in the study. Ukraine’s healthcare institutions were the scientific base of the study. The data on the average life expectancy, morbidity, mortality, satisfaction of medical needs of different groups of the population for revealing the social gradient are analyzed. Documents on strategies to reduce health inequalities have been examined. Results: Health inequalities between WHO countries have been identified, including a difference in the average life expectancy at birth of 17.1 years in premature mortality due to differences in the levels of economic development of countries. The inequality in the prevalence of diseases and the difference in the satisfaction of specific medical needs among the first and tenth decile population of Ukraine were determined. The prevalence of diseases of the genitourinary system in the population older than 60 years with low rates by 27.3% was higher than the figure among financially insured persons. The incidence of ocular pathology among adults with different income levels varied 1.8 times. The provisions of the WHO strategic documents on reducing health inequalities and its protection and on developing the public health system are analyzed. We justify the necessity of expanding the coverage of the problems of reducing disparities in health and health care in the course of training of the Master in Public Health. A modern curriculum “Social Medicine, Public Health” has been developed with the inclusion of inequalities in public health and appropriate educational and methodological support. Conclusion: The strategic goal of reducing inequalities in public health and its care requires integrating these issues into a modern master’s in public health program. The curriculum developed covers various aspects of health inequalities and health care, including the identification and assessment of disparities, the clarification of causes, the identification of counter-measures. Created educational and methodological support allows acquiring theoretical knowledge and practical skills that form the necessary competencies of professionals in the context of overcoming inequalities in health.

Geroneuropsychology: The Neuropsychological Approach to the Study of Aging

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-120
Author(s):  
Feggy Ostrosky-Solis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care For The Elderly

The most compelling reason for studying the neuropsychology of aging is the fact that there are so many more people who are elderly. Worldwide average life expectancy has already increased more in the past 100 years than in the previous 2000 years, due mainly to public health advances which are consequently fueling a rapid population growth of the elderly. Gerontology (the study of aging) and Geriatrics (health care for the elderly) are expanding disciplines and will continue offering career and service opportunities to the increasing number people who are interested in answering the questions and addressing the problems of aging.

Prevention of Premature Mortality Among Patients with Schizophrenia: The Need for Primary Prevention Efforts in Cardiovascular Disease

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S10) ◽  
pp. 9-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Hennekens
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
General Population ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
United States Today

Patients with schizophrenia have a markedly reduced lifespan compared with the general population. In the United States today, patients with schizophrenia have an average life expectancy of ∼61 years, about 20% lower than that of the general population, in which life expectancy is ∼76 years.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS TOURISM IN THE SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT OF SPORTS AND HEALTH ACTIVITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Olena Melikh ◽  
Inna Irtyshcheva ◽  
Konstantin Bogatyrev
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
The State ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Current State

The article highlights the approaches to the development of sports and health activities and sports tourism in various spheres of society. It is proved that the current standard of quality of life in Ukraine is characterized as not satisfactory. Many factors affect the quality of life: lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors. However, one of the main issues remains the underfunding of development. The work investigates the state of financial support for health care, which is closely related to the level of low healthy life expectancy. It is determined that in modern conditions physical culture and sports are a necessary element of life of every Ukrainian. It is justified that grant programs are the main financial source for the development of physical culture and sports. It is proved that the state and non-state policy of development of physical education and sports should be built on creation of the corresponding concept for the next five years, which will include the appropriate strategy and program of development of physical culture and sports. The purpose of the article is a study of the peculiarities of organizing sports and health activities in different spheres of society and mechanisms of financing physical culture and sports in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: to reveal the role and importance of organizing sports and health activities in different spheres of society; to conduct an analysis of the current state of financing of health care, physical education and sports; outline strategic guidelines for improving state and non-governmental policies on financial provision for physical education and sports. Subject and object of study. The subject of the research is theoretical and practical aspects of organization of sports and health activities in different spheres of society. The object of the research is the process of managing sports and health activities in different spheres of society. Research methods. For a comprehensive study of the necessary information the basic methods of information research in management were used. In the study of the current state of financing the health care, physical education and sports the methods of statics and dynamics were used. The dynamic method was used to analyze health care expenditures in percentage terms to GDP and total expenditures, average life expectancy at birth in Ukraine, transition from one equilibrium state to another for the period from 1995 to 2017. The static method involved a comparison of the amount of annual funding from the State Targeted Social Program for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports and the actually allocated funds. An economic model of the dynamics of health care expenditures in percentage terms to GDP and total expenditures, average life expectancy at birth in Ukraine in the form of a graph is constructed.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Natural Components on the Ageing of the Italian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Sacco ◽  
Pietro Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Natural Components

The most remarkable demographic changes that have been happening in our society, and causing considerable social effects, are the significant decrease of fecundity and the increase of average life expectancy at birth. The combined effect of these factors causes the ageing of population, thus representing the theoretical basis of the phenomenon under study in this essay. We will analyse the evolution of fecundity in Italy and in Italian single regions , thus highlighting the change of its intensity over the years. Moreover, we will focus on the analysis of average life expectancy at birth by verifying both its time trend and how it changes because of the variations of mortality by age. Thanks to a suitable method, detailed data of ISTAT and EUROSTAT will be used to show the interesting findings of the fecundity geography and variations of mortality by age. Nowadays, compared to just over twenty years ago, we have been characterized a reversal of the fecundity geography. Furthermore, a new increase of life expectancy at birth a further increase has been achieved.

scholarly journals Bridging the Gap between Science and Law: The Example of Tobacco Regulatory Science

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (S1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah L. Berman ◽  
Annice E. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past

In the 20th century, public health was responsible for most of the 30-year increase in average life expectancy in the United States.1 Most of the significant advances in public health (e.g., vaccinations, water fluoridation) required the combined effort of scientists and attorneys. Scientists identified public health threats and the means of controlling them, but attorneys and policymakers helped convert those scientific discoveries into laws that could change the behavior of industries or individuals at a population level. In tobacco control, public health scientists made the groundbreaking discovery that smoking caused lung cancer, but attorneys and policymakers developed and implemented the policies and litigation strategies that helped reduce smoking rates by more than half over the past 50 years.

scholarly journals Implications of forecasted disease burden on envisioning health strategies in Ethiopia; Findings from Global Burden of Disease 2017 Forecasting Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awoke Misganaw
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Universal health coverage is the main goal of the health sector in the coming decade for Ethiopia, in the county’s transitions to a middle-income state. We used GBD 2017 forecasting 2017–2040 results to support Ethiopia’s envisioning framework with baseline scenario and calibration targetsMethods We used GBD 2017 forecasting estimates for Ethiopia which modelled 250 causes and cause of death from 2017–2040. The data sources for Ethiopia include surveys, surveillance, case notifications, facility reports, sibling history, verbal autopsy and police records to estimate mortality and causes of death. We reported Life Expectancy (LE), death and premature mortality rates using GBD broader and detail categories with 95% uncertainty Intervals (UI).Results Ethiopians average life expectancy will increase from 66.0 years (64.0-68.5) in 2017 to 73.8 years (70.3–77.3) in 2040. In 2040, the all-cause age-standardized death rate is 854 per 100,000 people of which NCDs caused 567.1 and CMNNDs caused 211.2 of the deaths. NCDs and injuries show a smaller reduction of 26% and 23% respectively between 2017 and 2040 compared to the 53% decrease for CMNNDs. Cardiovascular and neoplasm causes 224.7, 137.8 deaths/100,000 respectively. Diarrheal, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases combined caused 144.5 age-standardized deaths/100,000 in 2040. The combined age-standardized death rate for HIV/AIDs and tuberculosis is 35.2 deaths/100,000. The age-standardize premature mortality percentage contribution of CMNNDs declined from 62.4% in 1990, 45% in 2018 and 34% in 2040, whereas NCDs contribution increased from 25.2% in 1990, 46% in 2019 and 54% in 2040.Conclusions Ethiopians average life expectancy is expected to increase. This major gain is expected to be attributed to further reductions in under-five child mortality and decline in burden of major communicable, maternal and nutritional diseases. Ethiopia is more likely to achieve the success of LMI countries in terms of life expectancy; neonatal, child and maternal mortality rates; eradicating malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS causes of mortality however less likely to achieve the success of UMICs by 2040. Non-communicable disease and injuries are expected to be leading causes of age-standardized death rate from 2007 through 2040.Background Ethiopia has an estimated total population of 103 million in 2016, where half of them are dependent population (45% under the age of 15 years and 3% above the age of 65), and the sex ratio is almost equal (1). During the implementation of the 20-year Health Sector Development Plan (HSDPs) from 1997–2015, which also covers the MDG era, substantial decline has been recorded on under 5 morbidity and mortality, in maternal morbidity and mortality, in morbidities and mortalities due to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria. Despite great progress over the past two decades, a huge burden of preventable mortality still persists in Ethiopia (2). The main contributors to this burden include child and maternal mortality, stillbirths, HIV/AIDS, TB, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries (3, 4). Ethiopia is currently experiencing double disease burden, that is communicable and non-communicable diseases, which was not recognized in the HSDP strategic plan of the country (2).

scholarly journals Life Expectancy in Rural Areas of Kurdistan Province, Iran in 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-182
Author(s):  
Rahmatoolah Bahrami ◽  
◽  
Kamran Noori ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

Life expectancy at birth is one of the most important indicators of the social, economic, cultural, and health development in any society. This descriptive epidemiological study aims to measure life expectancy by age and gender in rural areas of Kurdistan Province, Iran. Data were collected directly using mortality information obtained from the health center of Kurdistan Province and the registered population in 2013. The findings showed that life expectancy is different in rural areas of Kurdistan Province. Life expectancy at birth in rural areas of the Province was estimated at 70.6 years on average, where it was 72 years for women and 69.3 years for men. The highest life expectancy of men is in Saqez city with 70.6 and the lowest in Kamyaran and Devandarah city with 68.6 years. The highest life expectancy is estimated in rural women with 74 years in Baneh city and the lowest in Dehgolan city with 69.9 years, respectively. The results showed different years of life expectancy in terms of gender in rural areas of Kurdistan Province. The national average life expectancy is about 2 years higher than that in rural areas of Kurdistan Province. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the life expectancy in these Province via fair distribution of facilities and services and prioritizing its rural areas in health planning.

scholarly journals Life Expectancy of Population of the Country: The Role of Health Services Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Babenko ◽  
M. Nehrey ◽  
E. Gaponova ◽  
N. Ryzhikova ◽  
E. Zaporozhets
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Services Effectiveness ◽  
The Impact

The impact of health care on life expectancy of population in different countries has been studied. The subject of the study was analysis of efficiency of public health expenditures and their percentage of Gross Domestic Product. The authors employed a relatively new method of comparative analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which involves to measure technical efficiency of activity of an economic entity. DEA method allowed identifying the effectiveness of economic measures in healthcare system, as well as provision of the necessary volume of medical services in different countries. A study was conducted to compare the actual effectiveness of the country's medical services to the maximum possible effectiveness. As factor indicators, the summary of health expenditure and its percentage of GDP were considered. The average life expectancy of countries was taken as an average resulting indicator. According to the results, all the surveyed indicators proved to be the most effective measures in providing population with medical services in such countries as Andorra and San Marino, Monaco. It was determined that in order to increase the average life expectancy for one year, an average annual increase in the expenditure on the health care system by 0.48% of GDP is required.

Healthcare in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Spending

Saudi Arabia is a large state located on the Arabian Peninsula; this country is considered the birthplace of Islam. The population of Saudi Arabia is approaching 35 million. About 7% of GDP is allocated annually for the maintenance of the healthcare system, while about 1,500 US dollars is spent on medical care for each resident of the country (according to this indicator, the country ranks 41st in the world). The share of private spending on health care is 37.6%. The average life expectancy in Saudi Arabia was 74.4 years in 2019. According to Healthcare Index 2021, the assessment of the effectiveness of the healthcare system, Saudi Arabia was ranked 54th out of 93 countries, while gaining 60.7 points out of 100 possible. A feature of this country is the fact that it is here that the largest annual mass event in the world is held - the Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca, which puts a very serious burden on the healthcare system.

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