scholarly journals Promoting lung cancer awareness, help-seeking and early detection: a systematic review of interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad M Saab ◽  
Serena FitzGerald ◽  
Brendan Noonan ◽  
Caroline Kilty ◽  
Abigail Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Symptom Awareness

Summary Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death. Barriers to the early presentation for LC include lack of symptom awareness, symptom misappraisal, poor relationship with doctors and lack of access to healthcare services. Addressing such barriers can help detect LC early. This systematic review describes the effect of recent interventions to improve LC awareness, help-seeking and early detection. This review was guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, APA PsycARTICLES, APA PsycInfo and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched. Sixteen studies were included. Knowledge of LC was successfully promoted in most studies using educational sessions and campaigns. LC screening uptake varied with most studies successfully reducing decision conflicts using decision aids. Large campaigns, including UK-based campaign ‘Be Clear on Cancer’, were instrumental in enhancing LC awareness, promoting help-seeking and yielding an increase in chest X-rays and a decrease in the number of individuals diagnosed with advanced LC. Multimodal public health interventions, such as educational campaigns are best suited to raise awareness, reduce barriers to help-seeking and help detect LC early. Future interventions ought to incorporate targeted information using educational resources, face-to-face counselling and video- and web-based decision aids.

scholarly journals S123. EARLY DETECTION OF PSYCHOSIS: DIAGNOSTIC TRAJECTORIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S82-S82
Author(s):  
Line Lindhardt ◽  
Morten Lindhardt ◽  
Ulrik Haahr ◽  
Lene Halling Hastrup ◽  
Erik Simonsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
One Year ◽  
Detection Unit

Abstract Background Psychosis and signs of severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia often emerge in adolescence. Much attention has been devoted to identifying the individuals experiencing psychosis at an early stage. Implementation of early detection services is widely acknowledged as effective in reducing treatment delays. However, little is known about the diagnostic patterns of individuals entering an early detection service regardless of the initial psychopathological evaluation. The aim of the study is to investigate the diagnostic trajectories of individuals evaluated by an early detection of psychosis unit. Methods A real-life cross-sectional study coupling register data with information of diagnoses allocated by clinical evaluation in an early detection unit. All individuals clinically evaluated in the early detection unit from 2012 to 2015 were included. A Central Psychiatric Research Register was searched for lifetime allocated diagnoses. Register search allowed a minimum of one-year follow-up after evaluation. To determine the predictive ability of the early detection unit, diagnoses allocated by the initial clinical evaluation were compared to later diagnoses in psychiatric services. Results In total 450 individuals were clinically evaluated in the early detection unit during a period of 3 years. Previously 174 (39 %) patients had been in contact with mental healthcare services, and 28 (6.2%) had previously been diagnosed with psychosis. During follow-up, a diagnosis of psychosis was allocated in 146 (32.4%) of all evaluated individuals. In the clinical assessment by the early detection unit 107 (73.3 %) were diagnosed with psychosis. In total 39 (14.7%) were assessed false negative for psychosis by the early detection unit, they were later diagnosed with psychosis in mental healthcare services. The majority of psychosis diagnoses was allocated within one year after assessment in the early detection unit and half of individuals who were diagnosed with psychosis was re-diagnosed with schizophrenia (n=73). The hazard ratio of receiving a diagnosis of psychosis subsequently in mental healthcare services in individuals diagnosed with psychosis by the early detection unit was 4.73 (95 % CI: 3.01 – 7.44, p < 0.0001) compared to individuals not found psychotic by the early detection unit. Discussion That more than a third of the clinical evaluated has previously been help-seeking in mental healthcare system demonstrates a source of delay in treatment, suggesting that contact to other parts of mental healthcare services can delay detection of psychosis. Of the individuals not evaluated cases of psychosis 15 % later received a diagnose of psychosis. This suggests that an important subgroup of the help-seeking individuals undergoes transition to psychosis after contact or that detection of psychosis has not been possible by evaluation in the early detection unit. In conclusion, attention should be made to all individuals self-referred to an early detection unit, as diagnoses of psychosis is seen in the majority within the first year after contact. Also in individuals not initially suspected of psychosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a national lung cancer symptom awareness campaign in Wales

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace McCutchan ◽  
Stephanie Smits ◽  
Lucy Ironmonger ◽  
Ciarán Slyne ◽  
Amanda Boughey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Symptom Awareness ◽  
Gp Visits ◽  
Symptom Recall ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Wales. We conducted a before- and after- study to evaluate the impact of a four-week mass-media campaign on awareness, presentation behaviour and lung cancer outcomes. Methods Population-representative samples were surveyed for cough symptom recall/recognition and worry about wasting doctors’ time pre-campaign (June 2016; n = 1001) and post-campaign (September 2016; n = 1013). GP cough symptom visits, urgent suspected cancer (USC) referrals, GP-ordered radiology, new lung cancer diagnoses and stage at diagnosis were compared using routine data during the campaign (July–August 2016) and corresponding control (July–August 2015) periods. Results Increased cough symptom recall (p < 0.001), recognition (p < 0.001) and decreased worry (p < 0.001) were observed. GP visits for cough increased by 29% in the target 50+ age-group during the campaign (p < 0.001) and GP-ordered chest X-rays increased by 23% (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant change in USC referrals (p = 0.82), new (p = 0.70) or early stage (p = 0.27) diagnoses, or in routes to diagnosis. Conclusions Symptom awareness, presentation and GP-ordered chest X-rays increased during the campaign but did not translate into increased USC referrals or clinical outcomes changes. Short campaign duration and follow-up, and the small number of new lung cancer cases observed may have hampered detection effects.

scholarly journals The impact of national cancer awareness campaigns for bowel and lung cancer symptoms on sociodemographic inequalities in immediate key symptom awareness and GP attendances

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (S1) ◽  
pp. S14-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Moffat ◽  
A Bentley ◽  
L Ironmonger ◽  
A Boughey ◽  
G Radford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Symptom Awareness ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: National campaigns focusing on key symptoms of bowel and lung cancer ran in England in 2012, targeting men and women over the age of 50 years, from lower socioeconomic groups. Methods: Data from awareness surveys undertaken with samples of the target audience (n=1245/1140 pre-/post-bowel campaign and n=1412/1246 pre-/post-lung campaign) and Read-code data extracted from a selection general practitioner (GP) practices (n=355 for bowel and n=486 for lung) were analysed by population subgroups. Results: Unprompted symptom awareness: There were no significant differences in the magnitude of shift in ABC1 vs C2DE groups for either campaign. For the bowel campaign, there was a significantly greater increase in awareness of blood in stools in the age group 75+ years compared with the 55–74 age group, and of looser stools in men compared with women. Prompted symptom awareness: Endorsement of ‘blood in poo’ remained stable, overall and across different population subgroups. Men showed a significantly greater increase in endorsement of ‘looser poo’ as a definite warning sign of bowel cancer than women. There were no significant differences across subgroups in endorsement of a 3-week cough as a definite warning sign of lung cancer. GP attendances: Overall, there were significant increases in attendances for symptoms directly linked to the campaigns, with the largest percentage increase seen in the 50–59 age group. For the bowel campaign, the increase was significantly greater for men and for practices in the most-deprived quintile, whereas for lung the increase was significantly greater for practices in the least-deprived quintile. Conclusions: The national bowel and lung campaigns reached their target audience and have also influenced younger and more affluent groups. Differences in impact within the target audience were also seen. There would seem to be no unduly concerning widening in inequalities, but further analyses of the equality of impact across population subgroups is warranted.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Awareness and Prevention Behavior among Women of Delhi, India: Identifying Barriers to Early Detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. BCBCR.S40358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhojit Dey ◽  
Surabhi Sharma ◽  
Arti Mishra ◽  
Suneeta Krishnan ◽  
Jyotsna Govil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Background Globally, breast cancer (BC) has become the leading cause of mortality in women. Awareness and early detection can curb the growing burden of BC and are the first step in the battle against BC. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the awareness and perceived barriers concerning the early detection of BC. Methods A total of 20 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted during May 2013–March 2014. Pre-existing themes were used to conduct FGDs; each FGD group consisted of an average of ~10 women (aged ≥18–70 years) who came to participate in a BC awareness workshop. All FGDs were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were inductively analyzed using ATLAS.ti. Based on emerged codes and categories, thematic analysis was done, and theory was developed using the grounded theory approach. Results Data were analyzed in three major themes: i) knowledge and perception about BC; ii) barriers faced by women in the early presentation of BC; and iii) healthcare-seeking behavior. The findings revealed that shyness, fear, and posteriority were the major behavioral barriers in the early presentation of BC. Erroneously, pain was considered as an initial symptom of BC by most women. Financial constraint was also mentioned as a cause for delay in accessing treatment. Social stigma that breast problems reflect bad character of women also contributed in hiding BC symptoms. Conclusions Lack of BC awareness was prevalent, especially in low socioeconomic class. Women's ambivalence in prioritizing their own health and social and behavioral hurdles should be addressed by BC awareness campaigns appropriately suited for various levels of social class.

scholarly journals Public Health Messaging and Strategies to Promote “SWIFT” Lung Cancer Detection: a Qualitative Study Among High-Risk Individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad M. Saab ◽  
Caroline Kilty ◽  
Brendan Noonan ◽  
Serena FitzGerald ◽  
Abigail Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
High Incidence

Abstract Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality globally. A positive association between LC incidence and socioeconomic deprivation exists. High-risk individuals are less likely to be aware of LC and to correctly appraise LC symptoms and seek medical help accordingly. This qualitative study explored strategies to promote early detection of LC among at-risk individuals living in high-incidence areas in Ireland. Five semi-structured focus groups were conducted with 46 individuals. Data were collected face-to-face in community centres and organisations in high-incidence areas in two Irish counties and analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Participants believed that there was insufficient information regarding LC and recommended promoting LC awareness at a young rather than old age. They favoured public health messages that are Simple, clear, and honest; Worded positively; Incorporating a shock element; Featuring a celebrity, healthcare professional, or survivor; and Targeted (SWIFT). Most participants reported becoming immune to messages on cigarette packaging and recommended using a combination of broadcast and print media within national government-run campaigns to promote LC awareness and early detection. Study findings suggest that promoting LC awareness, help-seeking, early presentation, and diagnosis can be achieved by developing and testing targeted interventions. Promoting LC awareness requires a multi-sectoral policy network, or a whole systems approach. Such approaches ought to consider the multifactorial drivers of LC risk behaviours; involve coordinated, collective actions across various stakeholders; operate across multiple agencies; and take a life course perspective.

scholarly journals Disruptive Technology Enabled Healthcare 4.0 Model for Lesion Identification with Reduced Latency

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-343
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
X Rays

Advancement and innovations in technology have resulted in ease of accessibility and availability of resources, resulting in an increased liability on health-care services. However, the application of healthcare services in rural and undeveloped areas remains a foremost challenge, despite the investments made, largely due to unreliable communication infrastructures. Machine learning (ML) has witnessed a terrific amount of attention over the last few years in the field of medical imaging research for the lesion detection through a biomedical application such as Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI), CT scan, X-rays and Ultrasound etc. Normally, an MRI or CT scan are used by the experts to produce images of the soft tissue of the human body. Early detection of the lesion is a crucial part of follow-up care after completion of primary treatment. The goal is to reduce the mortality rate by early detection and treating the disease while it is still curable assuming a more effective salvage surgery and treatment. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the automated classification learning algorithms to identify lesion; indicates how learning algorithms have been applied to biomedical applications from data acquisition to image retrieval and from segmentation to disease prediction. This paper provides a brief overview of recent innovations and challenges associated with learning algorithms applied to medical image processing and analysis. Lastly, the paper concludes with a concise discussion and tries to predict direction for upcoming trends on more advanced research studies on lesion detection.

scholarly journals Interventions to promote cancer awareness and early presentation: systematic review

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (S2) ◽  
pp. S31-S39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Austoker ◽  
C Bankhead ◽  
L J L Forbes ◽  
L Atkins ◽  
F Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Early Presentation
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