scholarly journals Transcriptomic and physiological analysis identifies a gene network module highly associated with brassinosteroid regulation in hybrid sweetgum tissues differing in the capability of somatic embryogenesis

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirui Zhao ◽  
Shuaizheng Qi ◽  
Ying Cui ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Shuaifei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Coexpressed Genes

Abstract Somatic embryogenesis is a preferred method for large-scale production of forest trees due to its high propagation efficiency. In this study, hybrid sweetgum leaves with phase changes from mature to embryogenic state were selected as experimental material to study somatic embryo initiation. Embryogenicity ranged from high to low, i.e. from 45%, 25%, and 12.5% to 0, with the samples of embryogenic callus (EC), whiten leaf edge (WLI), whiten leaf (WLII), and green leaf (GL) respectively. High correlations existed between embryogenicity and endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) (r = 0.95, p < 0.05). Similarly, concentrations of endogenous BRs of the sample set correlated positively (r = 0.93, 0.99, 0.87, 0.99, 0.96 respectively, P < 0.05) to expression of somatic embryo (SE)-related genes, i.e. BBM, LEC2, ABI3, PLT2, and WOX2. Hierarchical cluster and weighted gene coexpression network analysis identified modules of coexpressed genes and network in 4820 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from All-BR-Regulated Genes (ABRG). Moreover, exogenously-supplemented epiBR, together with 2,4-D and 6-BA, increased embryogenicity of GL-sourced callus, and expression of SE- and auxin-related genes, while brassinazole (BRZ), a BR biosynthesis inhibitor, reduced embryogenicity. Evidences obtained in this study revealed that BRs involved in phase change of leaf explants and may function in regulating gene expression and enhancing auxin effects. This study successfully established protocols for inducing somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants in hybrid sweetgum, which could facilitate the propagation process greatly, and provide theoretical basis for manipulating SE competence of explants in ornamental woody plants.

Ploidy stability of somatic embryo-derived plants in two ecological keystone sedge species (Lepidosperma laterale and L. concavum, Cyperaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kodym ◽  
Eva M. Temsch ◽  
Eric Bunn ◽  
John Delpratt
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Ploidy Stability ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Seedling Explants ◽  
C Value

We report on the development of a somatic embryogenesis system for Lepidosperma concavum R.Br. and L. laterale R.Br. and the determination of ploidy stability of plants derived from somatic embryos. These keystone Lepidosperma species cannot currently be returned to restoration sites because of propagation difficulties (i.e. seed dormancy, low seed fill and recalcitrance to vegetative propagation). Three explant types (in vitro-germinated seedlings, immature seed and immature inflorescences) were used for the assessment of callus production potential. Embryogenic callus was induced and multiplied on 1/2MS medium with 2,4-D either alone, or in combination with zeatin. Over 90% of seedling explants of L. laterale produced regenerative calli after 6 weeks and 53% of seedling explants of L. concavum produced calli after 16 weeks on media containing 2,4-D and zeatin. Inflorescence material appeared to be least responsive. High rates of conversion to plants were achieved on medium containing activated charcoal, followed by thidiazuron medium. Acclimatisation success of plants ranged from 86% to 95%. Acclimatised plants grew vigorously under standard nursery conditions. The DNA ploidy level of 486 somatic embryogenesis-derived plantlets was analysed by flow cytometry. Only one plant (=0.2% of all plantlets tested) was found mixoploid. All other plants showed a stable ploidy level and stable C-values within the species. There was a small but significant C-value difference between the two Lepidosperma species. Five variegated plants (=0.3%) were observed among a total of ~1600 plants acclimatised. The application of tissue culture techniques such as somatic embryogenesis brings large-scale production of Lepidosperma plants for revegetation and horticultural purposes closer to commercial feasibility.

scholarly journals Induction and characterization of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pro-embryogenic masses

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1545-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARLUCIA S. PADUA ◽  
LUCIANO V. PAIVA ◽  
CLAUDIA R.G. LABORY ◽  
EDUARDO ALVES ◽  
VANESSA C. STEIN
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACT Oil palm is one of the most economically valuable oil seed plants, but the expansion of plantations has been limited by availability of seedlings, as the conventional propagation is through seeds, which have low germination rates. One possible solution for the large-scale production is the use of somatic embryogenesis. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects auxins 2,4-D and picloram on the induction of pro-embryogenic masses in E.guineenesis hybrid leaf explants and characterize, regarding embryogenic characteristics, with cytochemical and ultrastructural analisys. Specifically, in vitro plantlets leaves fragments were inoculated in Y3 culture medium supplemented by 2.4-D or picloram at different concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 mg l–1). After 90 days the presence/ absence of cell masses were evaluated. Both growth regulators efficiently induced cellular masses regardless of the concentrations applied. As the cell masses were not homogeneously formed, they were classified according to color and shape into four types: TYPE 1 - elongated and translucent, TYPE 2 – uneven and translucent, TYPE 3 - globular and beige TYPE 4 – globular and white. Based on the anatomical and ultrastructural features, TYPE 2, 3 and 4 cell masses were considered to have the highest embryogenic potential and therefore may be most suited to large-scale vegetative propagation of oil palm.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Micropropagation Protocol for Elite Accessions of Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.), a Tropical Hardwood Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chamila Pathirana ◽  
Udayanthi Attanayake ◽  
Udula Dissanayake ◽  
Lakshman Gamlath ◽  
Kalyani Ketipearachchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Tropical Hardwood ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Large Scale Production

The limited availability of high-quality planting material hinders the popularization of bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.) as a profitable cash crop in Sri Lanka. Five elite bael accessions, namely, Beheth Beli, Paragammana, Mawanella, Rambukkana, and Polonnaruwa-Supun, have been identified and used for mass propagation through budding and grafting. However, this process gets hampered by the limitations in large-scale production of planting material. Micropropagation is an alternative technique to produce clonal plants in large-scale; however, no established protocol is available for the field-grown elite bael accessions in Sri Lanka, and hence, the present study was conducted. The best sterilization method was found to be the washing of explants in a 2.5% fungicide solution for two hours. The full MS and ½MS media provided significantly similar performance in shooting, as indicated by the measured parameters. The twig plants did better than leaf explants concerning shoot extension, in which twig explants yield 1.33 cm taller shoots. The 1 mg/l of BAP concentration generated the highest number of shoots (6.20) and the most extended shoots (3.83 cm). The most successful rooting (60% success) was spotted with full MS, 1 mg/ml NAA, and 3% sugar. As previously reported, the successful micropropagation is possible if the explants are harvested from April to June, immediately after the fruiting season of the plant. The established protocol can mass-produce clonal bael plants from the elite accessions.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Shaden A. M. Khalifa ◽  
Eslam S. Shedid ◽  
Essa M. Saied ◽  
Amir Reza Jassbi ◽  
Fatemeh H. Jamebozorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Successful Phase

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

scholarly journals Stabilized Hydroxide-Mediated Nickel-Based Electrocatalysts for High-Current-Density Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Luo ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
Fengning Yang ◽  
Jiong Li ◽  
Zhibo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Current ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Electrochemical Water Splitting

Large-scale production of green hydrogen by electrochemical water splitting is considered as a promising technology to address critical energy challenges caused by the extensive use of fossil fuels. Although nonprecious...

scholarly journals Xylanolytic Bacillus species for xylooligosaccharides production: a critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozina Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Impacts

AbstractThe capacity of different Bacillus species to produce large amounts of extracellular enzymes and ability to ferment various substrates at a wide range of pH and temperature has placed them among the most promising hosts for the industrial production of many improved and novel products. The global interest in prebiotics, for example, xylooligosaccharides (XOs) is ever increasing, rousing the quest for various forms with expanded productivity. This article provides an overview of xylanase producing bacilli, with more emphasis on their capacity to be used in the production of the XOs, followed by the purification strategies, characteristics and application of XOs from bacilli. The large-scale production of XOs is carried out from a number of xylan-rich lignocellulosic materials by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis followed by purification through chromatography, vacuum evaporation, solvent extraction or membrane separation methods. Utilization of XOs in the production of functional products as food ingredients brings well-being to individuals by improving defense system and eliminating pathogens. In addition to the effects related to health, a variety of other biological impacts have also been discussed.

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