scholarly journals A perspective on the evolution of evolutionary economics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Evolutionary Economics ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Technological Opportunities ◽  
The Way

Abstract Modern evolutionary economics has come a long way from its beginnings in the writings of a few economists in the 1970s and 1980s. To a considerable extent, its evolution has been the result of the findings of empirical research, much but not all of it motivated by an explicit or implicit evolutionary perspective, which has fed back to modify and enrich the way evolutionary economists view the way modern economies work. This article focuses on developments that have broadened and sharpened the evolutionary perspective on the capabilities and behavior of firms, the processes and institutions involved in technological progress, and competition and dynamics in industries where technological opportunities are expanding. In the course of these developments, the conception of what it means to propose that a dynamic process is evolutionary has evolved. The article considers, as well, where evolutionary economics might be going from where it is now.

Escaping Possessive Individualism

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-206
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Evolutionary Economics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Managerial Capitalism ◽  
Evolutionary Science ◽  
Possessive Individualism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

Contemporary economics stands implicated in the triumph of possessive individualism. In viewing the individual as nothing but a utility-maximizing consumer, economic theory offers apologetics for the self-interested tendencies that imperil personhood. Managerial capitalism reifies the acquisitive urges embedded in contemporary economics. As the defects of managerial capitalism become apparent, escape seems impossible. This mental barrier persists because economics is not an evolutionary science. An economy is always in the process of becoming, and yet economic theory denies this “becoming” to consumers whose tastes and preferences are assumed to be unchanging—and none of our business. The escape requires an evolutionary economics that recognizes the individual as constantly engaged in a process of experiencing life and necessarily adapting to it. In that dynamic process, individuals are also crafting their own future. An evolutionary economics can help light the way as societies seek escape from the grip of possessive individualism.

scholarly journals Temporality and Emergences in Education

KronoScope ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Nicolas Go
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Organization Of Work ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Emergence Of Complexity ◽  
Time Issue ◽  
The Way

Abstract It is striking to note to what extent the time issue in education is commonly understood in terms of chronology. It is an institutional and linear time that is divided and then fitted back together like a Russian doll in an analytical approach. The conception of time is reversible and possesses the same characteristics as space. It is a paradox that this institutional rationalization of time by reversible chronological divisions barely conceals the whole concrete and living reality of human time, which is a continuous process of change that philosophers generally call duration. On the contrary, far from the above reduction, its specificity lies in its irreversibility. This article intends to present both the results of empirical research on cooperative pedagogy and its current theorization. The emergence of complexity in time is visible in the primacy given to processes in the educational relationship. The way the multiple scales of complexity are superposed is reflected in the cooperative organization of work, for a new educational temporality which results in an increase in joyful emergences.

Potential of World Agro-Food Sphere: Pluralism of Assessments

2011 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
E. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
World Population ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Technological Civilization ◽  
The Way

In 2007-2008 the world food crisis has substantially aggravated. This is a good reason to ponder over the fate of our technological civilization and a reminder of the finite nature of the resources used by the mankind. These resources include minerals, land suitable for cultivation, water and, at last, the technologies for securing the growing world population with the foods. The crisis has opened the eyes of many enthusiasts of the scientific and technological progress to some of its bitter fruits, in particular, to the polarization of food production and consumption, hunger and poverty of millions human beings, environmental pollution, progressive exhaustion of resources. Still, there are enough reasons to be optimistic. Earth's civilization has survived many turning points and has always found the way out and the methods to resolve the problem. It may be hoped that the humanity will also found the way out from the maze of problems that showed up as a result of the food crisis, at least in the foreseeable future.

Jeremiah in Art

2021 ◽  
pp. 578-609
Author(s):  
Mary Chilton Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
The Way

The story of Jeremiah in art reveals a dynamic process of traditional tropes that signaled the ancient prophet blended with contemporary features mirroring the viewer. This interplay made artistic representations of Jeremiah at once familiar, yet also at times unsettling in the way they contemporized the prophetic message. The chapter explores the developing image of Jeremiah through the centuries in five media: painted images on ancient frescoes, stone statues in medieval cathedrals and monasteries, illuminations in medieval manuscripts, woodcuts in early modern printed books, and various forms in modernity. Jewish, Christian, and Muslim images of the prophet together display a process in which historically contingent tropes gradually became timeless markers of the prophet. At the same time, these images show the power of Jeremiah to speak prophetically in new circumstances.

scholarly journals Predictive Policing and the Politics of Patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareile Kaufmann ◽  
Simon Egbert ◽  
Matthias Leese
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Police Work ◽  
Pattern Identification ◽  
The Political ◽  
Predictive Policing ◽  
Prediction Tools ◽  
The Way

AbstractPatterns are the epistemological core of predictive policing. With the move towards digital prediction tools, the authority of the pattern is rearticulated and reinforced in police work. Based on empirical research about predictive policing software and practices, this article puts the authority of patterns into perspective. Introducing four ideal-typical styles of pattern identification, we illustrate that patterns are not based on a singular logic, but on varying rationalities that give form to and formalize different understandings about crime. Yet, patterns render such different modes of reasoning about crime, and the way in which they feed back into policing cultures, opaque. Ultimately, this invites a stronger reflection about the political nature of patterns.

scholarly journals An interdisciplinary perspective on the value of envy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Sara Protasi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
The Self ◽  
Instrumental Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
The Way

The public and scholars alike largely consider envy to be reprehensible. This judgment of the value of envy commonly results either from a limited understanding of the nature of envy or from a limited understanding of how to determine the value of phenomena. Overcoming this state requires an interdisciplinary collaboration of psychologists and philosophers. That is, broad empirical evidence regarding the nature of envy generated in psychological studies must inform judgments about the value of envy according to sophisticated philosophical standards. We conducted such a collaboration. Empirical research indicates that envy is constituted by multiple components which in turn predict diverse outcomes that may be functional for the self and society. Accordingly, the value of envy is similarly nuanced. Sometimes, envy may have instrumental value in promoting prudentially and morally good outcomes. Sometimes, envy may be non-instrumentally prudentially and morally good. Sometimes, envy may be bad. This nuanced perspective on the value of envy has implications for recommendations on how to deal with envy and paves the way toward future empirical and theoretical investigations on the nature and the value of envy.

scholarly journals Implementasi Reward dan Punishment Dalam Membentuk Karakter Disiplin Peserta Didik Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Hidayah Jember

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Fadilah ◽  
Nasirudin F
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Case Study Methods ◽  
The Way

Giving stimulus from educators in the form of giving appreciation and punishment will greatly affect the way of thinking and behavior of students in achieving the goals of character education that have been set. This study aims to describe the implementation of reward and punishment in shaping the character of students' discipline. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study. Methods of data collection using interviews, observation and documentation. The validity of the data used source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results of this study indicate: (1) The implementation of rewards in shaping the discipline character of students is done by giving rewards in the form of praise and giving appreciation in the form of gifts. (2) The implementation of punishment in shaping the disciplinary character of students is carried out by giving gradual warnings, giving spontaneous warnings and written warning letters. (3) Evaluation of the implementation of rewards and punishments in shaping the character of students' discipline is using process evaluation, which is an assessment carried out during the learning process by observing the attitudes of students everyday when they are in the madrasa environment.. Keywords: Reward; Punishment; Discipline; Learners Pemberian stimulus dari pendidik berupa pemberian apresiasi dan hukuman akan sangat mempengaruhi cara berpikir dan tingkah laku peserta didik dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan karakter yang sudah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi reward dan punishment dalam membentuk karakter disiplin peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi tehnik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Implementasi reward dalam membentuk karakter kedisiplinan peserta didik dilakukan dengan memberikan reward dalam bentuk pujian serta memberikan apresiasi dalam bentuk hadiah. (2) Implementasi punishment dalam membentuk karakter kedisiplinan peserta didik dilakukan dengan cara memberi peringatan secara bertahap, memberi teguran spontan dan surat peringatan tertulis. (3) Evaluasi implementasi reward dan punishment dalam membentuk karakter kedisiplinan peserta didik adalah menggunakan evaluasi proses, yaitu penilaian yang dilakukan di saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung dengan mengamati dari sikap peserta didik sehari-hari ketika berada di lingkungan madrasah. Kata Kunci: Reward; Punishment; Disiplin; Peserta Didik

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PERILAKU DAN SITUASI DALAM PROSESI ZIARAH PADA TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGI SEBAGAI UPAYA PELESTARIAN (THE UTILIZATION OF BEHAVIOR AND SITUATION IN THE PILGRIMAGE PROCESSION AT ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS AS A PRESERVATION EFFORT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NFn Wasita, M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Sacred Place ◽  
Proper Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Way

Sebagian rangkaian aktivitas ziarah di beberapa situs arkeologi di KabupatenTapin dan Hulu Sungai Utara, Kalimantan Selatan menunjukkan adanya perilaku dan situasi di tempat ziarah yang mendukung kegiatan pelestarian tinggalan arkeologi. Oleh karena itu, peluang ini perlu dimanfaatkan agar pihak arkeologi mendapatkan cara pelestarian yang melibatkan masyarakat dan murah biayanya. Berkaitan dengan itu, maka penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menemukan cara dalam memanfaatkan perilaku dan situasi untuk pelestarian tinggalan arkeologi dengan tidak mengganggu kegiatan ziarah, namun kegiatan pelestarian yang diinginkan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara keilmuan (arkeologi). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Implementasinya di lapangan dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan tinggalan arkeologi untuk mengetahui kondisi eksistingnya dan riwayat pemugaran yang pernah dilakukan. Pendeskripsian ini untuk mengetahui hal-hal apa saja yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam mendukung kegiatan pelestarian. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa di situs-situs arkeologi yang diziarahi terdapat situasi dan perilaku para peziarah yang mendukung kegiatan pelestarian, seperti harus bersikap sopan, tidak merusak barang-barang yang ada di tempat ziarah (dalam konteks ini termasuk tinggalan arkeologi) dan situasi di tempat ziarah yang sakral, serta adanya teguran dari orang yang hidup di alam sebelah jika tidak sopan atau melanggar tata cara ziarah. Jadi kesimpulannya, situasi dan perilaku tersebut perlu dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung pelestarian tinggalan arkeologi. Caranya dengan memberi dukungan, karena perilaku yang baik (tidak merusak warisan budaya) merupakan bagian dari isi undang-undang cagar budaya. Selain itu, juga menghormati situasi yang tercipta di tempat ziarah karena itu merupakan pemaknaan oleh sebagian masyarakat. Agar cara mendukung dan menghormati dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, arkeolog harus jujur dan netral dalam kegiatan pelestarian.Kata kuci: tinggalan arkeologi, ziarah, situasi, perilaku, pelestarianSome parts of pilgrimage activities at several archeological sites in Tapin and Hulu Sungai Utara Districts indicate the existence of behaviors and conditions that support the conservation of archeological remains. This opportunity needs to be utilized, therefore the archeological party can obtain conservation methods that involve the community and the cost is cheap. The research goal is to gain proper method on utilizing pilgrim behaviors and situation for preserving archeological remains without interfering the pilgrimage activities, but the desired of conservation activities can be scientifically accounted (archeology). This research was conducted by using descriptive methods. Its implementation in the field was carried out by describing the archaeological remains of the existing conditions and the history of restoration that had been carried out. The describing of the pilgrim behaviors and the place conditions of pilgrimage is to find out what things can be utilized in supporting conservation activities. The results indicate that at the visited archeological sites there are conditions and behavior of pilgrims who supported conservation activities, such as having to be polite, not damage the items that are in the place of pilgrimage (in this context including archeological remains) and the situation in the sacred place of pilgrimage, as well as the rebuke of people living in the adjoining realm if they are not polite or violate to the procedure of pilgrimage. It is concluded that the situation and behavior need to be used to support the preservation of archeological remains. The way is by giving support, because good behavior (not damaging cultural heritage) is part of the contents of the cultural heritage law. In addition, it also respects the situation created in the place of pilgrimage because it is a meaning by some people. In order to be able to support and respect ways, archaeologists must be honest and neutral in conservation activities.Keywords: archaeological remains, pilgrimage, situations, behavior, preservation.

scholarly journals Hungarian MPs' Response Propensity to Emails

2014 ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Merkovity
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Final Point ◽  
Know How ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Response Propensity ◽  
The Way

Within the framework of empirical research, the authors sent an email to every member of the Hungarian Parliament. They wanted to know how many representatives would answer their letter within a one-week period. As a next step, they listed the answerers, the composition of parliamentary groups, gender, age, and the way the representatives got into the National Assembly in the election (from single-member districts or from party list). On the basis of this, they outline the profile of the responding representative. The typical answers came from women, who are members of the opposition and who are between the ages of 30–39. The least responses came from the members of the governing coalition. As a final point, the authors conclude in this chapter that Hungarian representatives do not differ significantly from their colleagues in the Western countries.

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