scholarly journals An ecosystem approach to mixed fisheries: technical and biological interactions in the Portuguese multi-gear fleet

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 2618-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Cardoso ◽  
Teresa Moura ◽  
Hugo Mendes ◽  
Cristina Silva ◽  
Manuela Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Species Vulnerability ◽  
Catch Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The term “mixed fisheries” refers to fishing activities where more than one species are caught simultaneously and one species may be fished by different gears. Therefore, mixed fisheries present a harder challenge for fisheries management than single-species fisheries and the uncertainty can start at the definition of the target species. In these particular fisheries, we have a large group of species that are caught, being target or not, species with large landing values that are actually not target, and species with a high economic value that can fall in the bycatch category. Although the dynamics of such fisheries is poorly understood, they are known to have a relevant contribution to Portuguese fishers' revenue. The present demand on sustainable fishing activities to ensure marine ecosystem preservation has led towards an ecosystem approach where effort is being made to take into account biological and technical interactions on management measures and advice. In this work, logbooks data of the Portuguese multi-gear fleet were used to identify different fisheries based on catch composition and gears through cluster analysis (CLARA). Two identified fisheries were used to explore the impact of these fishing activities on the ecosystem scale. This approach was achieved by a productivity and susceptibility analysis and through foodweb analysis. The relation between species vulnerability and their functional role in the ecosystem were highlighted. Technical interactions among fishing gears, and species biological interactions, were explored within and among fisheries. We found and illustrated that these interactions go beyond the fleets and fisheries considered in the present work. This approach allows us to identify key elements that can, ultimately, be relevant to an ecosystem-based approach towards mixed fisheries management.

scholarly journals Advancing ecosystem management strategies for the Gulf of Mexico's fisheries resources: implications for the development of a fishery ecosystem plan

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-640
Author(s):  
Andrea Dell'Apa ◽  
Joshua P Kilborn ◽  
William J Harford
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Large Marine Ecosystems ◽  
The Us

Recent global improvements to fisheries sustainability have been made through the adoption of more holistic management frameworks, such as the ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) and ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), and a concurrent transition from a focus on single species or stocks to multispecies and ecosystems. In the US, federal and regional fisheries management encompass multiple layers of comprehensive, ecosystem focused management strategies for living marine resources within its network of large marine ecosystems (LMEs). Here, we provide an overview for the US portion of the Gulf of Mexico large marine ecosystem (GOM-LME) by examining multiple aspects of its fishery management scheme through the lenses of EAFM, EBFM, and the integrated ecosystem assessment (IEA) framework that has been used worldwide to advise, inform, and operationalize ecosystem management. The US-GOM's fishery management and ecosystem community appears to be keeping pace with other US regional efforts. However, more tools like fishery ecosystem plans (FEPs), which are conducive to the effective integration of ecosystem considerations into fishery management processes, are needed to inform and guide the work of regional managers, decision-makers, and stakeholders. Therefore, we propose a structured planning process aimed at advancing the development and implementation of a GOM-FEP, and describe two case studies of EAFM and EBFM applications, respectively, that can help to navigate through our proposed planning process. This work offers strategic guidance and insights to support efforts of regional fishery managers to translate ecosystem management principles, approaches, and objectives into an "action oriented" FEP in the GOM-LME.

Ecosystem Considerations in Fisheries Management: Theory and Practice

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Management Approaches

AbstractThis article examines recent developments with respect to the development and application of an ecosystem approach in marine fisheries management. A number of international fisheries legal instruments now include explicit references to ecosystem considerations. While there has been general agreement on the need to take ecosystem considerations into account, there is no clarity or consensus on how this can best be done. Various definitions of an ecosystem approach emphasise that the focus must be on managing the human activities, which are part of, and impact on, marine ecosystems. An ecosystem approach is neither inconsistent with, nor a replacement for, existing fisheries management approaches—it is not a panacea for the problems confronting world fisheries. Realistically, we can only move to an ecosystem approach incrementally, starting with more rigorous/cautious application and extension of single species methods. A key element of any ecosystem approach will likely be to set harvest rates for target species at even lower conservative levels than might be suggested by single species analysis. Fisheries management measures should also ensure the protection not only of target species, but also of non-target, associated or dependent species. Reducing the killing power of the world's fishing fleets is an essential component of ecosystem-based fisheries management.

Marine ecosystem assessment in a fisheries management context

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1429-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S Link ◽  
Jon K.T Brodziak ◽  
Steve F Edwards ◽  
William J Overholtz ◽  
David Mountain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
System Level ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Management Context ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

We examined a suite of abiotic, biotic, and human metrics for the northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem at the aggregate, community, and system level (>30 different metrics) over three decades. Our primary goals were to describe ecosystem status, to improve understanding of the relationships between key ecosystem processes, and to evaluate potential reference points for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). To this end, empirical indicators of ecosystem status were examined and standard multivariate statistical methods were applied to describe changes in the system. We found that (i) a suite of metrics is required to accurately characterize ecosystem status and, conversely, that focusing on a few metrics may be misleading; (ii) assessment of ecosystem status is feasible for marine ecosystems; (iii) multivariate points of reference can be determined for EBFM; and (iv) the concept of reference directions could provide an ecosystem level analog to single-species reference points.

scholarly journals Highly mixed fisheries: fine-scale spatial patterns in retained catches of French fisheries in the Celtic Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mateo ◽  
Lionel Pawlowski ◽  
Marianne Robert
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Celtic Sea

Efficiency of mixed-fisheries management and operational implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management rely on the ability to understand and describe the technical and biological interactions between fleets, gears and species. The present study aims to describe fine-scale spatial patterns of the French demersal mixed fisheries in the Celtic Sea and discusses their implications in terms of management. Analysis was made by integrating vessel monitoring systems and logbook data collected between 2010 and 2012 at a 3′*3′ spatial scale through the use of principal component analysis followed by hierarchical clustering. It revealed spatial regions defined by a distinct homogeneous composition of retained catches. Each cluster was also described in terms of the fishing activity: vessel length, effort, power and gear used. The analysis revealed a complex spatial structure in the species assemblage caught and suggests that a single situation cannot describe the mixed fisheries of the Celtic Sea, but rather that there are several distinct cases of mixed fisheries. Our results also highlight the limitations of using the current level of data aggregation commonly requested in international data calls to model these fisheries and suggest that improvements should be made to ensure efficient evaluation of management options. Analyses of spatially resolved fisheries data such as the one presented here open a range of potential applications. In the context of the Common Fisheries Policy reform and the landing obligation, comparison of our results with applications of the same methodology to a subset of vulnerable species or to catches of fish below the minimum conservation reference size would help to identify the geographical areas to avoid and assess potential effort reallocation strategies based on groups of target species.

scholarly journals What's wrong with the coastal waters of Spelman Strait, Indonesia: Sustainable reef fisheries management is required

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-418
Author(s):  
Rahmat Kurnia ◽  
Muis ◽  
Agus Alim Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Base ◽  
Economic Domain ◽  
Destructive Fishing

Reef fish in Spelman strait, Indonesia, is one of the fishery resources of considerable economic value. Unfortunately, there is still the use of unfriendly resources equipment (destructive fishing) that cause potential social problems. In this study, all components of the EAFM (Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management) composed of 6 domains, namely (1) fish stocks, (2) environment and ecosystem, (3) fishing techniques, (4) culture, (5) social, and (6) institutional are analyzed combining with MDS (Multidimensional Scaling).  The main aim of this research is to find out the root solution for managing coral reefs in the coastal waters of Spelman Strait.  The sustainability status review in the fishery resource domain, the environment and ecosystem domain, the fishery technique domain, the social domain, and the economic domain were respectively were 87.69, 88.17, 51.22, 51.61, and 72.67 which were in the category sustainable. Meanwhile, the sustainability status review in the institutional domain was 42.15, which was in the category of less sustainable. Institutions are the primary base for reef fishery protection in the Spelman Strait.

scholarly journals An investigation into fisheries interaction effects using Atlantis

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Smith ◽  
Elizabeth A. Fulton ◽  
Robert W. Day
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Fisheries management is commonly based on the outputs of single-species stock assessment models. While such models are appropriate for tactical issues such as quota setting, they typically omit explicit trophic interactions between different parts of the ecosystem. To successfully manage multiple fisheries in the same ecosystem, we need to understand how fishing one species may indirectly affect other species. In this paper, we used a simulation model of the southern Benguela ecosystem, built in the Atlantis framework, to explore fisheries interaction effects. We first measured the impact of fishing different stocks individually at FMSY, the hypothetical level of fishing effort which produces maximum sustainable yield (MSY) in a single-species modelling context. We then applied FMSY to all stocks simultaneously and compared the simultaneous yield with the sum of yields from the individual applications of FMSY. Contrary to expectations, the total catch was higher under the simultaneous scenario. We explored our results by studying the influences of trophic interaction between species at different levels of the foodweb, and found that our overall result was driven by two key factors: volumetric dominance of small pelagic fish in the total catch, and asymmetric influences of competition and predation between piscivorous and planktivorous species. The simultaneous increase in fishing pressure across multiple species in the model led to increased effective carrying capacity for small pelagic species (due to reduced competition), but reduced carrying capacity for piscivorous species (due to reduced small pelagic prey). This work has important implications for the design of tactical multispecies models for use in ecosystem-based fisheries management.

Using food web model results to inform stock assessment estimates of mortality and production for ecosystem-based fisheries management

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1490-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Gaichas ◽  
Kerim Y. Aydin ◽  
Robert C. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Predation Mortality

Examining food web relationships for commercially important species enhances fisheries management by identifying sources of variability in mortality and production that are not included in standard single-species stock assessments. We use a static mass-balance model to evaluate relationships between species in a large marine ecosystem, the coastal Gulf of Alaska, USA. We focus on food web relationships for four case-study species: Pacific halibut ( Hippoglossus stenolepis ), longnose skate ( Raja rhina ), walleye pollock ( Theragra chalcogramma ), and squids (order Teuthoidea). For each, we present the species’ position within the food web, evaluate fishing mortality relative to predation mortality, and evaluate diet compositions. We find that high trophic level (TL) species, whether commercially valuable (halibut) or incidentally caught (skates), have mortality patterns consistent with single-species assessment assumptions, where fishing mortality dominates natural mortality. However, assessments for commercially valuable (pollock) or incidentally caught (squids) mid-TL species can be enhanced by including food web derived predation information because fishing mortality is small compared with high and variable predation mortality. Finally, we outline food web relationships that suggest how production of species may change with diet composition or prey availability.

scholarly journals Delineating the continuum of marine ecosystem-based management: a US fisheries reference point perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1042-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara E. Dolan ◽  
Wesley S. Patrick ◽  
Jason S. Link
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Current State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract Ecosystem management (EM) suffers from linguistic uncertainty surrounding the definition of “EM” and how it can be operationalized. Using fisheries management as an example, we clarify how EM exists in different paradigms along a continuum, starting with a single-species focus and building towards a more systemic and multi-sector perspective. Focusing on the specification of biological and other systemic reference points (SRPs) used in each paradigm and its related regulatory and governance structures, we compare and contrast similarities among these paradigms. We find that although EM is a hierarchical continuum, similar SRPs can be used throughout the continuum, but the scope of these reference points are broader at higher levels of management. This work interprets the current state of the conversation, and may help to clarify the levels of how EM is applied now and how it can be applied in the future, further advancing its implementation.

scholarly journals The necessity for response indicators in fisheries management

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Piet ◽  
H. M. J. van Overzee ◽  
M. A. Pastoors
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Response Indicators

Abstract Piet, G. J., van Overzee, H. M. J., and Pastoors, M. A. 2010. The necessity for response indicators in fisheries management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 559–566. Results are used from traditional fisheries management to explore two potential response indicators: (i) the extent to which scientific advice is incorporated in decision-making, and (ii) the compliance of industry and the relevant authorities to these decisions. Based on the most comprehensive set of data on the management process of 125 stocks for which ICES provided advice over the period 1987–2006, we explored these response indicators and found that for just 8% of the stocks, the official total allowable catch (TAC) equalled the scientific advice, and that in recent years the official TAC overshot scientific advice by >50%. Compliance levels appear to be reflected in the percentage of stocks for which landings exceeded the official TAC, decreasing from ∼8 to 2%. However, because the TAC appears not to be limiting, compliance may not be the most appropriate indicator. Without transparent decision-making that takes scientific advice into account, or the compliance of industry as reflected by the type of response indicators explored, the effectiveness of new developments in fisheries management, such as the application of an ecosystem approach, will be compromised, as has been the case with conventional fisheries management measures.

scholarly journals The Impact of Direct Expenditures of Diving Tourism Towards The Economy of Coastal Balinese

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
I Wayan Suardana ◽  
Saroyeni Piartini ◽  
Ni Made Ariani
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This research illustrates the extent of correlation between the local economy and marine ecosystem services. Apart from being recreational destinations oriented to the economy, Tulamben and Pemuteran are places where coral reefs ecosystem grows and develops. Hence, it needs to be properly conserved. This study found the estimated number of tourists who dive and snorkel in these two areas, it reaches 297.752 per year, with actual annual expenditures amount to US$ 283.2 million. The economic impact of the whole diving tourism in Tulamben and Pemuteran approximately ranges from US$ 396.4 million to US$ 1.059.7 million per year. The high economic value achieved by the government and the local communities as a whole indicates a significant increase of diving activities in both areas. This result suggests that local economy and marine ecosystem services are closely related. However, tourism and the perception aroused about the environmental issues and values not only provide opportunities for macro business improvement but also pose a threat to the sustainability of the underwater ecosystem.

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