scholarly journals Metabolic profiles of socio-economic position: a multi-cohort analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Robinson ◽  
Alice R Carter ◽  
Mika Ala-Korpela ◽  
Juan P Casas ◽  
Nishi Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Economic Position

Abstract Background Low socio-economic position (SEP) is a risk factor for multiple health outcomes, but its molecular imprints in the body remain unclear. Methods We examined SEP as a determinant of serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolic profiles in ∼30 000 adults and 4000 children across 10 UK and Finnish cohort studies. Results In risk-factor-adjusted analysis of 233 metabolic measures, low educational attainment was associated with 37 measures including higher levels of triglycerides in small high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-3 fatty acids, apolipoprotein A1, large and very large HDL particles (including levels of their respective lipid constituents) and cholesterol measures across different density lipoproteins. Among adults whose father worked in manual occupations, associations with apolipoprotein A1, large and very large HDL particles and HDL-2 cholesterol remained after adjustment for SEP in later life. Among manual workers, levels of glutamine were higher compared with non-manual workers. All three indicators of low SEP were associated with lower DHA, omega-3 fatty acids and HDL diameter. At all ages, children of manual workers had lower levels of DHA as a proportion of total fatty acids. Conclusions Our work indicates that social and economic factors have a measurable impact on human physiology. Lower SEP was independently associated with a generally unfavourable metabolic profile, consistent across ages and cohorts. The metabolites we found to be associated with SEP, including DHA, are known to predict cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline in later life and may contribute to health inequalities.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Sport Performance—Are They Equally Beneficial for Athletes and Amateurs? A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3712
Author(s):  
Frank Thielecke ◽  
Andrew Blannin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Clinical Endpoints

Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are receiving increasing attention in sports nutrition. While the usual focus is that of athletes, questions remain if the different training status between athletes and amateurs influences the response to EPA/DHA, and as to whether amateurs would benefit from EPA/DHA supplementation. We critically examine the efficacy of EPA/DHA on performance, recovery and injury/reduced risk of illness in athletes as well as amateurs. Relevant studies conducted in amateurs will not only broaden the body of evidence but shed more light on the effects of EPA/DHA in professionally trained vs. amateur populations. Overall, studies of EPA/DHA supplementation in sport performance are few and research designs rather diverse. Several studies suggest a potentially beneficial effect of EPA/DHA on performance by improved endurance capacity and delayed onset of muscle soreness, as well as on markers related to enhanced recovery and immune modulation. The majority of these studies are conducted in amateurs. While the evidence seems to broadly support beneficial effects of EPA/DHA supplementation for athletes and more so in amateurs, strong conclusions and clear recommendations about the use of EPA/DHA supplementation are currently hampered by inconsistent translation into clinical endpoints.

scholarly journals An Overview of Analeptic Applications of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Bharat Kwatra ◽  
Harsimran Kaur ◽  
Joydip Majumdar ◽  
Mahek Shah ◽  
Mansi Upadhyaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This article is an examination of the Analeptic Applications of Omega-3. The scientific development and subsequent clinical applications of Omega-3 in Healthcare continue to influence researchers all over the globe today. This article examines the research done and published by researchers and scientists. Consideration of current trends and data in scientific queries and demonstrates further aspects of the applications of Omega-3 on various health backgrounds, including. Cardiovascular Health: The study addresses the comparison of Omega-3 and Omega-6 in cardiovascular diseases. Higher intake of dietary Omega-3 helps activation, inhibition, and alteration of metabolic and signaling pathways which is associated with better cardiovascular health, while Omega-6 decreases the risk of coronary heart diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality. Immunology: Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) have been found to show an anti-inflammatory effect in the body by downregulating the activation of various immune cells. They regulate immunological functions via eicosanoids and resolvins which are anti-inflammatory. External supplementation can reduce chronic and acute inflammation as well as reduce the chances of graft rejection. The regulatory effect is shown by modifying gene expression and/or signal transduction in human cells. They are also involved in altering the membrane composition of Fatty Acids(FA) and as a result, they affect the lipid raft structure and also membrane trafficking. Joint Health: The study shows the effects of omega-3 and other fatty acid consumption in Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA), bone marrow lesions, and knee cartilage lesions. It notes the interrelations between synovitis, plasma levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs in OsteoArthritis (OA) patients along with risk factors for OA, which could help consider liable treatments for improvement of OA. The study highlights the importance of the Omega-6:Omega-3 PUFA ratio and clinical and functional outcome measures which can help us in better understanding the role of PUFAs and possible treatments for people with knee osteoarthritis while showing the effect of Omega-3 fatty acids on muscle health in RA. Skin Disorders: Fish oils rich in PUFAs are reported to improve several inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. They have also been broadly reported as a potential supplement to ameliorate the severity of some skin disorders such as photoaging, skin cancer, allergy, dermatitis, cutaneous wounds, and melanogenesis. The significance of omega-3 in skin structure was proved by describing a syndrome caused by stringent fat reduction in the diet that leads to erythema with scaling, hair loss, itching, and increased water loss.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN KANDUNGAN LEMAK DAN KOMPOSISI ASAM-ASAM LEMAK PADA BAGIAN BADAN IKAN GABUS (Channa striata) BUDIDAYA DAN LIAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvy M. Umage ◽  
Julius Pontoh ◽  
Lidya I. Momuat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Channa Striata

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penentuan kandungan lemak dan komposisi asam-asam lemak pada bagian badan ikan gabus (Channa striata) budidaya dan liar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa kandungan lemak dan komposisi asam lemak pada bagian badan ikan gabus (Channa striata) budidaya dan liar. Kandungan lemak dilakukan menggunakan metode ektraksi dan diperoleh kandungan lemak bagian badan ikan gabus budidaya 0,07% dan ikan gabus liar 0,01%. Lemak ikan diderivatisasi dan dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas dan diperoleh komposisi asam lemak tertinggi pada bagian badan ikan gabus budidaya adalah asam lemak oleat 37,1% diikuti  dan diikuti oleh asam lemak palmitat 25,6% sedangkan asam lemak tertinggi pada bagian badan ikan gabus liar adalah asam lemak palmitat 28,6% dan diikuti asam lemak oleat 16,9%. Kandungan asam lemak omega-3 pada bagian badan ikan gabus budidaya 5,6% dan ikan gabus liar 9,0%. Kata kunci: Asam lemak, ikan gabus budidaya dan liar, kromatografi gas  ABSTRACT Determination of fat content and composition of fatty acids in the body of snakehead (Channa striata) from cultivated and wild sources. This study aims to determine how much fat content and composition fatty acids in the body of snakehead (Channa striata) from cultivated and wild sources. The fat content were carried out using the extraction method. The fat content of cultured snakehead body was 0.07% and that of wild fish was 0.01%. Fish fats were derivatized and analyzed using gas chromatography and the highest fatty acid composition on the body of cultivated snakehead fish is 37.1% oleic fatty acids followed by 25.6% palmitic fatty acids while the highest fatty acid in the body of a wild snakehead fish is 28.6% palmitic fatty acid and followed by 16.9% oleic fatty acid. The content of omega-3 fatty acids in the body of cultivated snakehead fish is 5.6% and 9.0% on wild snakehead fish. Keywords: Fatty acids, wild and cultivated snakehead fish, gas chromatography 

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN LEMAK DAN KOMPOSISI ASAM LEMAK OMEGA-3 PADA IKAN KAKAP MERAH (Aphareus furca)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofriani D. Bontjura ◽  
Julius Pontoh ◽  
Johnly A. Rorong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Eicosatrienoic Acid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Oil Extract

ABSTRAKIkan laut merupakan sumber makanan penghasil terbesar asam lemak omega-3. Senyawa ini telah banyak dibuktikan memberikan efek positif bagi kesehatan. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui  kadar lemak dan komposisi asam lemak omega-3 pada badan ikan kakap merah (Aphareus furca). Pengujian kadar lemak dilakukan menggunakan metode ekstraksi rendering. Ekstrak minyak ikan yang diperoleh ditransesterifikasi basa menggunakan metode derivatisasi dan diinjeksikan pada alat kromatografi gas. Bagian badan ikan kakap merah mengandung lemak sebesar 0,06%. Kandungan asam lemak omega-3 sebesar 26,8% yang terdiri dari asam linolenat 2,4%, eikosatrienoat 4,3%, eikosapentaenoat (EPA) 0,9% dan dokosaheksaenoat (DHA) 19,2%. ABSTRACTFishes are the biggest food source of omega-3 fatty acids. This compound has been proven to have many positive effects on health. Research has been conducted to determine the fat content and composition of omega-3 fatty acids in the body of red snapper (Aphareus furca). Fat content testing is done using the rendering extraction method. Fish oil extract that was obtained were transesterified base using the derivatization method and injected on a gas chromatography device. The red snapper's body contains 0.06% fat. The omega-3 fatty acid content is 26.8% consisting of 2.4% linolenic acid, 4.3% eicosatrienoic acid, 0.9% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 19.2% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 

scholarly journals Large-scale plasma metabolome analysis reveals alterations in HDL metabolism in migraine

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (16) ◽  
pp. e1899-e1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit L.J. Onderwater ◽  
Lannie Ligthart ◽  
Mariska Bot ◽  
Ayse Demirkan ◽  
Jingyuan Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Hdl Metabolism

ObjectiveTo identify a plasma metabolomic biomarker signature for migraine.MethodsPlasma samples from 8 Dutch cohorts (n = 10,153: 2,800 migraine patients and 7,353 controls) were profiled on a 1H-NMR-based metabolomics platform, to quantify 146 individual metabolites (e.g., lipids, fatty acids, and lipoproteins) and 79 metabolite ratios. Metabolite measures associated with migraine were obtained after single-metabolite logistic regression combined with a random-effects meta-analysis performed in a nonstratified and sex-stratified manner. Next, a global test analysis was performed to identify sets of related metabolites associated with migraine. The Holm procedure was applied to control the family-wise error rate at 5% in single-metabolite and global test analyses.ResultsDecreases in the level of apolipoprotein A1 (β −0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.16, −0.05; adjusted p = 0.029) and free cholesterol to total lipid ratio present in small high-density lipoprotein subspecies (HDL) (β −0.10; 95% CI −0.15, −0.05; adjusted p = 0.029) were associated with migraine status. In addition, only in male participants, a decreased level of omega-3 fatty acids (β −0.24; 95% CI −0.36, −0.12; adjusted p = 0.033) was associated with migraine. Global test analysis further supported that HDL traits (but not other lipoproteins) were associated with migraine status.ConclusionsMetabolic profiling of plasma yielded alterations in HDL metabolism in migraine patients and decreased omega-3 fatty acids only in male migraineurs.

scholarly journals Bioengineered Plants Can Be a Useful Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Amjad Khan ◽  
Hu Chun-Mei ◽  
Nadeem Khan ◽  
Amjad Iqbal ◽  
Shan-Wu Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
Recent Developments

Omega-3 fatty acids have proven to be very essential for human health due to their multiple health benefits. These essential fatty acids (EFAs) need to be uptaken through diet because they are unable to be produced by the human body. These are important for skin and hair growth as well as for proper visual, neural, and reproductive functions of the body. These fatty acids are proven to be extremely vital for normal tissue development during pregnancy and infancy. Omega-3 fatty acids can be obtained mainly from two dietary sources: marine and plant oils. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3) are the primary marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids. Marine fishes are high in omega-3 fatty acids, yet high consumption of those fishes will cause a shortage of fish stocks existing naturally in the oceans. An alternative source to achieve the recommended daily intake of EFAs is the demand of today. In this review article, an attempt has, therefore, been made to discuss the importance of omega-3 fatty acids and the recent developments in order to produce these fatty acids by the genetic modifications of the plants.

scholarly journals The Use of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Mental Illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Gören ◽  
Ashley T. Tewksbury
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
De Novo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Omega 6

Purpose: This article will summarize the current evidence on the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on prevention and treatment of mental illness. Background: Omega-3 fatty acids are involved in many physiologic processes. Since they cannot be made de novo in the body, they are considered essential nutrients. As the Western diet evolved, dietary intake of fatty acids has shifted to increased omega-6 fatty acids and decreased omega-3 fatty acids intake. These changes have been correlated with numerous differences in prevalence and course of mental illnesses. Methods: A MEDLINE search from 1966 to December 2010 was completed to identify studies comparing changes in symptoms, functioning, other outcomes, and/or side effects in patients treated with omega-3 fatty acids for mental illness. The studies were reviewed and reported by specific psychiatric disorder studied. Conclusions: Omega-3 fatty acids play a role in many biologic functions. Epidemiologic data implicate omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies in many mental illnesses. Data are most robust for omega-3 fatty acids' role in affective disorders. However, data are conflicting, negative, or absent for most mental illnesses.

scholarly journals Mercury-Contaminated Fish and Essential Fatty Acids: Problems and Solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
Janna Cropotova ◽  
Svetlana Popel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Fish consumption is an important part of human diet due to essential omega-3 fatty acids found naturally in this product. Many researchers from all over the world found that high mercury concentrations in the body reduced the heart-protective effects of the fatty acids in fish oils. People shouldn't be constrained by choosing between the health hazards related to toxins caused by industrial pollution and the nutritional benefits provided by consummation of essential fatty acids contained in oily fish. It is very important to find an alternative natural source of essential omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA to restore an optimal ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in the human diet.

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