Use Patterns and Residual Levels of Organophosphate Pesticides on Vegetables in Trinidad, West Indies

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Chang Yen ◽  
Isaac Bekele ◽  
Carlyle Kalloo
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Island State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
And Control

Abstract The twin-island state of Trinidad and Tobago produces much of the fresh fruit and vegetables consumed locally, although some are exported to Europe and North America. On average, approximately 1500 tons of pesticides are imported annually, of which about 10-15% are organophosphates. A survey of local farmers revealed that a wide range of pesticides are used and that the same pesticides are used on several crops to control different pests. Application rates exceeding manufacturers' recommendations are also common, as is the disregard of recommended preharvest intervals after pesticide application. Praedial larceny and subsequent sale of freshly sprayed crops also contribute to the risks posed to consumers by pesticide residues. A market basket survey of produce conducted between October 1996 and May 1997 in Trinidad for organophosphate pesticides showed that 10% of produce exceeded the internationally acceptable maximum residue limits (MRLs) for the respective pesticides. Celery constituted 6.5% of all such samples, with over 83% of celery samples exceeding the MRL. Organophosphate pesticides detected were methamidophos, triazophos, prophenofos, diazinon, ethion, pirimiphos methyl, malathion, and dimethoate, with the first 4 being the most commonly detected. There is an urgent need for comprehensive monitoring and control of pesticides on produce by local regulatory agencies, especially because the above data relate only to one class of pesticides. The education of farmers on safe operating practices regarding pesticide application and observation of recommended preharvest intervals for applied pesticides is also required.

scholarly journals Enabling Smart Buildings by Indoor Visible Light Communications and Machine Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Dang ◽  
Guoqing Ma ◽  
Basem Shihada ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Visible Light Communications ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Control

<pre>The smart building (SB), a promising solution to the fast-paced and continuous urbanization around the world, is an integration of a wide range of systems and services and involves a construction of multiple layers. The SB is capable of sensing, acquiring and processing a tremendous amount of data as well as performing proper action and adaptation accordingly. With rapid increases in the number of connected nodes and thereby the data transmission demand in SBs, conventional transmission and processing techniques are insufficient to provide satisfactory services. To enhance the intelligence of SBs and achieve efficient monitoring and control, both indoor visible light communications (VLC) and machine learning (ML) shall be applied jointly to construct a reliable data transmission network with powerful data processing and reasoning abilities. In this regard, we envision an SB framework enabled by indoor VLC and ML in this article.</pre>

Regulatory law: some lessons from the past

Legal Studies ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Ogus
Keyword(s):  
Social Engineering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Regulatory Law ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Regulation as a legal form of social engineering has been subjected to much analysis in the last decade or so. The importance of the topic to contemporary law cannot be overstated: on the one hand, it has been the avowed aim of government to ‘deregulate’ industry; on the other hand, and paradoxically, both the concomitant policy of privatisation and the evolution towards a Single European Market have increased the need for regulation in appropriate areas. The efforts to explore the strengths and weaknesses of different regulatory forms have brought together scholars from a wide range of disciplines. Administrative lawyers have been concerned with how the power of decision-making is allocated between institutions and the general problems of accountability and control of discretion to which this gives rise. Socio-legal researchers have critically examined the practices of regulatory agencies as regards rule formulation and enforcement.

Wheel-Tooling Gap Measurement System for Conform™ Extrusion Machinery Based on a Capacitive Sensor

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Khawaja ◽  
L. Seneviratne ◽  
K. Althoefer
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Gap Measurement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Conform™ extrusion is a very versatile manufacturing process enabling the production of a wide range of extruded profiles. It is critical to maintain a precise predefined wheel-tooling gap for the efficient running of the Conform extrusion process and to maintain high product quality. However, this is a challenging task due to the hostile environment, high operating temperatures, and required accuracy. An accurate high-temperature gap measurement system for Conform extrusion machinery, using a capacitive sensing system, is developed in this study. The sensor is implemented in a copper Conform extrusion machine, and experimental results are presented, providing for the first time a detailed view of Conform Extrusion gap behavior during production. It is shown that the proposed gap-sensing and control system results in a number of advantages, including reduced machine setup times, reduced flash (waste) rates, and on-line monitoring and control of gap size. The research is carried out in collaboration with Holton Machinery Ltd., a leading manufacturer of Conform Extrusion machinery.

scholarly journals Universal contactless converters of monitoring and control systems in water power industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04014
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Plakhtiev ◽  
Gayratjon Gaziev ◽  
Yaxyojon Meliboev ◽  
Odil Doniyorov ◽  
Davron Norholboyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Water Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Monitoring And Control Systems ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Supply Industry ◽  
And Control

The paper substantiates the need to use non-contact conversion and measurement of large direct currents using non-destructive magneto modulation non-contact ferromagnetic transducers of increased sensitivity for the needs of land reclamation, irrigation, industry, metallurgy and, in general, agriculture and water management; the results of their design development are presented. It is shown that the developed converter, in contrast to the known ones, has increased accuracy and sensitivity, a technologically advanced design and small weight and dimensions with low material consumption and cost. The issues of reliability of magnetic modulation contactless converters are considered. The results of their research have been obtained. It is shown that the reliability of wide-range magneto modulation contactless converters of large direct currents is equal to 0.998 and taking into account catastrophic failures, their total reliability is 0.9969. The developed converter can be widely used in electrical systems in land reclamation and irrigation, in water supply, industry, railway transport, science, technology and for checking electrical meters at their installation site.

scholarly journals NEW SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF DEFECTS AND DAMAGES OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Sergey Evtushenko ◽  
Timofey Krakhmalnyy ◽  
Vladimir Firsov ◽  
Viktoriya Lyepikhova ◽  
Mikhail Kuchumov
Keyword(s):  
Radio Channel ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Crack Open ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control

The article presents the results of development of automated monitoring systems for defects and damages of building structures. The first is the "System for monitoring the state of cracks and joints of buildings and structures," this system allows to automatically control the width of crack opening on construction structures. The system has one or more sensors and a recording device in the form of a personal computer, the receiving radio module of the recording system over the radio channel is connected to each sensor and requests measure-ment results. The following describes the upgrade of the system sensor, the new sensor al-lows to measure humidity and ambient temperature and to build dependencies of crack open-ing width on weather conditions. The next sensor is mesdose to measure the stress in the ground of the base, based on the electrochemical principle of action. Mesdose allows to carry out dynamic tests of soils at the same time technical result is achieved in improvement of device reliability and measurement reliability. The last is the mechanical measurement sen-sor, which is also based on the electrochemical principle of operation. Invention is aimed at solving the problem of improving reliability and reliability of converting dynamic mechani-cal values into an electric signal in a wide range of loads and frequencies.

scholarly journals Forming recommendations for the development of a high-productivity rolling press advanced construction

2018 ◽  
pp. 402-414
Author(s):  
K.V. Baiul ◽  
S.V. Vashchenko ◽  
A.Yu. Khudyakov ◽  
N.A. Solodkaya ◽  
E.B. Prokudina
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Press ◽  
Hydraulic Devices ◽  
And Control

The aim of the work is to develop technical solutions aimed at creating a high-performance roller briquette press. The results of previous studies and the experience of creating roller presses of various designs, evaluating their production and technological efficiency are summarized. It was established that the basis for the development of an improved press design should be based on principles that ensure its simplicity, decrease in metal consumption, size, ease of operation, as well as the ability to provide the required physical and mechanical properties and quality of briquettes. It is shown that these principles can be implemented in the process of modernization of roller presses created earlier at the Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. The roll press can be modernized by using mechanical and hydraulic devices to protect the rolls from overloading, developing new effective ways of attaching bandages and drive elements, using modern monitoring and control devices to regulate the operation of the press. Expansion of technological capabilities of the press is provided by using devices for distribution and pre-compaction of the briquetted charge. The choice of a rational scheme of deformation and calibration of the working surfaces of the press rolls ensures the optimization of the energy and power parameters of briquetting. The paper formulates recommendations and requirements for the creation of an improved high-performance roller press for briquetting a wide range of small fractional raw materials. Proposed a fundamental solution to the layout of the press.

scholarly journals Smart Buildings Enabled by 6G Communications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Dang ◽  
Guoqing Ma ◽  
Basem Shihada ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Visible Light Communications ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Control

<pre><pre>Smart building (SB), a promising solution to fast-paced and continuous urbanization around the world, includes the integration of a wide range of systems and services and involves the construction of multiple layers. SB is capable of sensing, acquiring, and processing a very large amount of data as well as performing appropriate actions and adaptation. Rapid increases in the number of connected nodes and thereby the data transmission demand of SB have led to conventional transmission and processing techniques becoming insufficient to provide satisfactory services. In order to enhance the intelligence of SBs and achieve efficient monitoring and control, sixth generation (6G) communication technologies, particularly indoor visible light communications (VLC) and machine learning (ML), are required to be incorporated in SBs. Herein, we envision a novel SB framework featuring a reliable data transmission network, powerful data processing, and reasoning abilities, all of which are enabled by 6G communications. Primary simulation results support the promising visions of the proposed SB framework.</pre></pre>

A Generalized Architecture for Academic and Industrial Automation and Control via Internet

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-610
Author(s):  
Ahmed O. Abdul Salam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Industrial Automation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control

Automation via the internet has recently received considerable attention. The prime objective of internetbased process automation underlies, amongmany others, the feasibility of remote monitoring and control of a wide range of distributed and collaborative experimental and manufacturing tools and machineries. Such emphasis would adopt the recent software and hardware development technologies. This paper investigates the minimal hardware and software requirements to design and implement a fully functional academic and industrial automation system that can be readily attached to the available internet/intranet infrastructure. Three tiers mainly constitute the proposed system, the instrumentation and measurement tier, the software platform (for data collection, processing, displaying, and communication), and the client-server tier. The common controllerbased techniques, such as PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers), SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), and DAQ (Data Acquisition) platforms can be very well employed in such applications without sophistication burdens. Eventually, the ultimate intentions of having engineers and technical operators to monitor, control, maintain, and calibrate factory equipment, or students involved in lab experimentation, from local or remote distances can be successfully achieved around the clock. Previous and current practical implementation examples will be verified to assess the feasibility range of existing techniques and their implications.

Selection of variables using factorial discriminant analysis for the state identification of an anaerobic UASB–UAF hybrid pilot plant, fed with winery effluents

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Castellano ◽  
G. Ruiz-Filippi ◽  
W. González ◽  
E. Roca ◽  
J.M. Lema
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Control System ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Anaerobic wastewater treatment has become a widely used method for wastewater depuration, and has been applied in a wide range of situations, from urban wastewater to highly toxic industrial wastewater. Particularly it has been successfully applied to the treatment of the beverage industries effluents. To avoid the destabilization of the system a monitoring diagnosis and control system of the depuration processes is necessary. The cost of this system is an important issue, that depends on the number of parameters that must be controlled for an adequate performance of a wastewater plant control system. This work shows how the classic statistical classification techniques can be applied to determine the number variables that must be monitored to achieve an adequate performance of anaerobic UASB–UAF hybrid Pilot Plant monitoring and control system. The obtained results had not been unique, so different combinations of variables can be selected for a good wastewater treatment process control. Economic or technical criteria may be considered to determine the final variables set in each particular situation.

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