Effect of Different Doses of 17 Α -Methyltestosterone on Masculinization, Pre-Post Treatment Growth Parameters and Condition Factor of Sarotherodon Melanotheron in Pond System

Over-population and stunted growth had been major challenges in the culture of tilapia. The use of synthetic androgen 17- α Methyl Testosterone (MT) was a breakthrough. However, its optimum level towards effective masculinization and growth is a concern. The aim of this research was to ascertain the optimum level of MT towards effective all-male population production and growth of Black-Chinned tilapia. In the present study, the effect of different dose rates of synthetic androgen 17-α Methyl Testosterone (MT) i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of the hormone per kg of feed on sex, growth, and condition of Black-Chinned tilapia was evaluated. MT was administered orally by using powdered dry starter feed (Crude Protein 40 %) and Ethanol. The fry was fed for 30 days in the experimental tanks. At the end of the experiment, the sex ratios were determined by examining the operculum coloration as a means of sex identification. Growth performance was monitored by measuring and recording the morphometric characteristics. Bodyweight and total length of the fish on the start of feeding, end of feeding (one month sex reversal period), and two months after feeding were measured. The results of the present study showed that all MT receiving treatment showed a significantly higher male proportion than the control (0 mg MT/kg feed individuals). In all MT treatments groups, the control expects the 30 mg MT/kg in feed individuals’ deviate significantly from the normal 1:1 sex ratio (Chi-square analysis). The dose rate of 120 mg MT /kg feed resulted in the maximum male population (92.7%). Hence, for an effective high percentage of all-male population production in Black-Chinned tilapia, 120 mg MT /kg in feed is recommended. In terms of growth and condition factor, all the individual treatments, as well as the control, showed no significant difference. All the treated individuals showed similar condition factors during the pre and post-treatment, however, the individuals treated with 30 mg MT /kg feed exhibited better condition during the pre-treatment than the post-treatment period. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen recorded in this study were within the desirable limit for tilapia.

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Comparison of ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus in peanut

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/ps08-024.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 133-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. M. Dang ◽

D. L. Rowland ◽

W. H. Faircloth

Keyword(s):

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chi Square ◽

Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcr Assays ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Wilt Virus

Abstract Diagnosis of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in peanut can be accomplished by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) but there has been no report of a direct comparison of the success of the two assays in evaluating infection rates of field-grown peanut. We collected peanut root samples from field-grown plants, 76 in 2006 and 48 in 2007, and tested these samples by both ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the presence of TSWV. Out of 124 samples, 50 (40.3%) and 57 (46.0%) were positive for TSWV by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. In 13.7% of these samples, ELISA and RT-PCR differed in their results. However, Chi square analysis showed no significant difference between the results for these two assays. This result supports the conclusion that ELISA and RT-PCR are comparable for detecting TSWV infection rates in field-grown peanuts.

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Parasitology and urban livestock farming in Nigeria : prevalence of ova in faecal and soil samples and animal ectoparasites in Makurdi

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v78i1.285 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E.A. Omudu ◽

E.U. Amuta

Keyword(s):

Test Tube ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Chi Square ◽

Zoonotic Infections ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Flotation Technique ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Domestic environmental pollution resulting from urban livestock farming was investigated in Makurdi using parasitological techniques. The test tube flotation technique was used for the parasitological analysis of animal faecal matter and soil samples collected from residential premises. Ectoparasitic fauna of dogs, goats, sheep and cattle cohabiting with humans within the same residential compound were also collected and identified. The hand-picking and body brushing methods were employed to search for ticks, fleas, lice and mites. Of the 150 soil samples examined, 55 (36.7 %) were positive for 1 or more eggs of helminth parasites. There was no significant difference in the distribution of eggs in the soil samples from the 3 areas sampled (c2=0.046, df=2, P>0.05). Ascaris species were the dominant parasite eggs found. Of the 180 faecal samples examined, 107 (59.4 %) were positive for 1 or more eggs of helminth parasites. Chi-square analysis showed no significant difference in the level of infection of different animal faeces sampled (c2=5.74, df=4, P>0.05). Ascaris species were again the dominating helminth parasite eggs found. There was also no significant difference in the prevalence of helminth eggs in the animal faecal samples from the 3 areas sampled (c2=5.99, df=4, P>0.05). A total of 1908 ectoparasites was recovered (ticks: 32.80 %; lice: 22.43 %; fleas: 22.06% and mite: 22.69 %). There was no significant difference in infestation animals between sexes (c2=0.10, df=4, P>0.05). The predominant genus encountered for ticks were Amblyomma, while Linognathus (43.90%), Ctenocephalides (97.38%) and Sarcoptes (58.89 %) were most predominant for lice, fleas and mites respectively. The public health implications of the findings, especially as these relate to the increasing incidence and prevalence of zoonotic infections, are discussed.

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Associations between Modifiable Health-Risk Behaviors and Personality Types

INNOVATIONS in pharmacy ◽

10.24926/iip.v8i2.520 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jon C. Schommer ◽

Paul D. Tieger ◽

Anthony W. Olson ◽

Lawrence M. Brown

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Personality Type ◽

Health Risk Behaviors ◽

Personality Types ◽

Chi Square ◽

Related Stress ◽

The Individual ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Objectives: The first objective for this study was to explore if characteristics of personality type (using the Preferred Communication Style Questionnaire) are associated with the following modifiable health-risk behaviors: smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, nutrition, sleep, depression-related stress, anxiety-related stress, healthcare professional usage, and self-discipline. The second objective for this study was to explore if characteristics of personality type are associated with (1) the quality of patient-physician relationships, (2) patient-physician communication, and (3) preferred method for receiving information. Methods: Data were collected from 10,500 adult individuals residing in the United States via an on-line, self-administered survey coordinated by Qualtrics Panels from March 14-30, 2016. Chi-square analysis was used for making comparisons between categories of personality types and items related to health-risk behaviors. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. However, chi-square analysis with large sample sizes (e.g. 10,500 in this study) readily yields statistical significance. Practical significance was set at four or more percentage points above or below the overall mean. Results: Regarding objective 1, personality type was associated with all nine health-risk behaviors studied. Personality types within the Experiencer temperament (17% of the U.S. population) accounted for 46% of the undesirable scores we computed for health-risk behaviors. The Idealist temperament (17% of population) accounted for 32% of the undesirable scores. Conceptualizers (10% of population) accounted for 17% of the undesirable scores and Traditionalists (46% of population) accounted for 5% of the undesirable scores. Regarding objective 2, the findings showed that personality type was associated with (1) the importance people place on the patient-physician relationship, (2) which characteristics of that relationship are most desirable, (3) desire for more communication with their physician, and (4) the preferred method for receiving information. Discussion and Conclusions: Precision medicine has been proposed as a way to create a new taxonomy of disease that uses individual specific data to develop accurate diagnosis, targeted treatment, and improved health outcomes. Based on the findings of this study, we propose that inclusion of personality type is an important component of these efforts so that the health care system can conform more to the individual patient in order to increase engagement and adherence, reduce errors, minimize ineffective treatment and waste, and can be cost effective. Conflict of Interest Co-author, Paul Tieger is CEO of SpeedReading People, LLC which holds copyright for the Individual Wellness Plan and Adherence Predictive Index tools that are mentioned in this manuscript. Type: Original Research

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Straight Line Scoring by Clinical Competency Committees Using Emergency Medicine Milestones

Journal of Graduate Medical Education ◽

10.4300/jgme-d-17-00304.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 716-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michael S. Beeson ◽

Stanley J. Hamstra ◽

Melissa A. Barton ◽

Kenji Yamazaki ◽

Francis L. Counselman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Medicine ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Residency Programs ◽

Reporting Requirement ◽

Straight Line ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Academic Year ◽

Nominal Variables

ABSTRACT Background In 2013, milestone ratings became a reporting requirement for emergency medicine (EM) residency programs. Programs rate each resident in the fall and spring on 23 milestone subcompetencies. Objective This study examined the incidence of straight line scoring (SLS) for EM Milestone ratings, defined as a resident being assessed the same score across the milestone subcompetencies. Methods This descriptive analysis measured the frequencies of SLS for all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited EM programs during the 2015–2016 academic year. Outcomes were the frequency of SLS in the fall and spring milestone assessments, changes in the number of SLS reports, and reporting trends. Chi-square analysis compared nominal variables. Results There were 6257 residents in the fall and 6588 in the spring. Milestone scores were reported for 6173 EM residents in the fall (99% of 6257) and spring (94% of 6588). In the fall, 93% (5753 residents) did not receive SLS ratings and 420 (7%) did, with no significant difference compared with the spring (5776 [94%] versus 397 [6%]). Subgroup analysis showed higher SLS results for residents' first ratings (183 of 2136 versus 237 of 4220, P < .0001) and for their final ratings (200 of 2019 versus 197 of 4354, P < .0001). Twenty percent of programs submitted 10% or more SLS ratings, and a small percentage submitted more than 50% of ratings as SLS. Conclusions Most programs did not submit SLS ratings. Because of the statistical improbability of SLS, any SLS ratings reduce the validity assertions of the milestone assessments.

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Borderline Dysplasia with Acetabular Retroversion: Key Findings from a Large Hip Arthroscopy Study Group

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120s00432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽

pp. 2325967120S0043

Author(s):

Benjamin Kivlan ◽

Shane Nho ◽

Andrew Wolff ◽

John Salvo ◽

John Christoforetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hip Arthroscopy ◽

Arthroscopic Surgery ◽

Acetabular Retroversion ◽

Control Groups ◽

Chi Square ◽

Crossover Sign ◽

Center Edge ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

And Control

Objectives: The radiographic crossover sign (COS) is an indicator of acetabular retroversion, classically representing anterosuperior overcoverage often treated with acetabuloplasty which could exacerbate acetabular hypovolemia in dysplasia. No prior study has investigated the prevalence of acetabular retroversion in patients with dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopy, acetabuloplasty rates, and outcomes in this setting. Study objectives are to report the prevalence of acetabular retroversion in dysplasia, the influence of the COS on arthroscopic acetabuloplasty rates, and relative outcomes compared with control groups. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed from a prospectively collected multi-center database. Patients undergoing isolated hip arthroscopic surgery were assigned to dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) ≤ 25°) or one of two control groups: normal(LCEA 26-38°), or pincer femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)(LCEA ≥ 39°). The prevalence of COS and acetabuloplasty rates between and within study and control groups were compared (Chi square analysis). Minimum 2 year outcomes utilizing iHOT-12 were compared (analysis of variance). Results: Of 401 study patients, 64 (16%) comprised the dysplasia group, 273 (68%) normal group, and 64 (16%) pincer group. Mean LCEAs were 22.3°, 31.5°, and 42.4°, respectively (p<0.001). COS prevalence was similar between groups at 31%, 26%, and 33%, respectively (p=0.873). Acetabuloplasty rates were dependent on the amount of acetabular coverage with lowered rate in the dysplasia group(40%) and increasing rates in the normal(52%) and the pincer(90%) groups (p=0.013). Post-operative iHOT-12 scores improved in all groups (68, 74, and 77, respectively, p=0.222). Patients with a COS plus rendered acetabuloplasty reported similar scores that improved to 77, 74, and 79, respectively,(p=0.949). Patients with dysplasia with COS averaged 73.1(SD 23.3) iHOT-12 score compared to 67.1(SD: 28.7) for the patients with dysplasia without COS (p=0.466). Within the dysplasia with COS subgroup, there was no significant difference in iHOT-12 scores between the group with acetabuloplasty (77.0;SD:17.1) and without acetabuloplasty (70.4;SD:27.4,p=0.580). Conclusion: Acetabular retroversion occurs with similar prevalence in borderline dysplasia compared with non-dysplastic hips undergoing hip arthroscopy but with lower acetabuloplasty rates not influenced by the COS. Arthroscopic outcomes of dysplasia with retroversion are similarly successful and comparable with those of dysplasia and non-dysplastic hips. Although infrequently performed, acetabuloplasty did not compromise outcomes in dysplasia with retroversion.

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Assessment of Cognitive Reserve: a pilot study for Bulgarian Population

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.578 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

A Yaneva ◽

R Massaldjieva ◽

N Mateva ◽

D Bakova

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Age Groups ◽

Human Aging ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bulgarian Population ◽

The Individual ◽

The Brain

Abstract Background The Cognitive Reserve (CR) is a concept used to represent the individual differences in processing cognitive tasks, allowing to cope with the pathology of the brain. CR describes the individual brain potential as a result of various activities during the lifespan. The study of this construct could open one more “door” on the path to the prevention of diseases associated with cognitive dysfunctions in human aging. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the CR as a part of a project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various options for stimulating active aging. Methods The Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) was translated into Bulgarian and was administered to 114 healthy participants (84,2% female and 15,8% male), aged 23 to 84 years (M = 52,40 SD = 16.81), divided into three age groups (up to 44, 45- 69 and over 70 years old). An individual CRI-level was calculated based on the subscores for education, working activity and leisure time. Non-parametric tests (Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test) were used for statistical analysis. Findings The CRI-level depends significantly on age (χ2=31.834, (df = 6), p < 0.001) but does not depend on gender (p = 0.257). Significant difference was found in three age groups for the total CRI-score (p < 0.001), CRI-Education (p < 0.001) and CRI-WorkingActivity (p < 0.001) except for CRI-LeisureTime score (p = 0.547). The total CRI-score significantly correlate with CRI-Education (r = 0.863), CRI-WorkingActivity (r = 0.809) and CRI-LeaisureTime (r = 0.414). Key messages The CRIq is an easy to administer instrument that could help the assessment of the cognitive reserve in Bulgarian population. The cognitive reserve depends on human behavior through the life span and this fact gives new opportunities for prevention of diseases associated with cognitive dysfunctions in human aging.

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National trends in local excision and esophagectomy for cT1N0 esophageal cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.62 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 62-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emily C. Sturm ◽

Whitney Zahnd ◽

John D. Mellinger ◽

Sabha Ganai

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Local Excision ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Over Time

62 Background: Esophageal cancer management has evolved due to improvements in staging and treatment strategies. Endoscopic local excision presents an attractive option for definitive management of T1 cancers, avoiding the morbidity of esophagectomy. We hypothesized that for cT1N0 cancers, patients who underwent local excision would have lower survival compared to esophagectomy due to potential discordant staging. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) with AJCC T1N0 clinical stage who underwent local excision (n = 1625) or esophagectomy (n = 3255) between 1998 and 2012. Chi-square analysis was used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics by procedure. Chi-square trend analysis was performed to assess trends in procedure type over time. Cox Regression analysis was performed to assess survival by procedure controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Between 1998 and 2012, the proportion of patients who underwent local excision increased from 12% to 50% for all patients (p < 0.001); from 17% to 40% for SCC patients (p < 0.001); and from 9% to 51% for AC patients (p < 0.001). Surgical procedure varied significantly by demographic, socioeconomic status, facility, and tumor-related factors. 65% of cT1N0 cancers had concordant clinical and pathological staging after esophagectomy, with 11% having positive nodal disease; 44% were concordant after local excision. While no significant difference was seen in unadjusted survival, adjusted Cox Regression analysis indicated worse survival after esophagectomy compared to local excision for all cases (HR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.40-2.00) and for ACs with concordant staging (HR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14). Conclusions: Local excision for cT1N0 esophageal cancer has increased over time. Staging concordance for esophagectomy is seen in two-thirds of cases. Contrary to our hypothesis, patients undergoing local excision for T1N0 cancers have better overall survival than those undergoing esophagectomy, which may reflect early differences in mortality and/or selection bias. As this study was unable to distinguish T1a from T1b, further analysis is warranted.

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Does Gender Influence How Patients Rate Their Patient Experience after Total Knee Arthroplasty?

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1603338 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (07) ◽

pp. 634-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcelo Siqueira ◽

Morad Chughtai ◽

Anton Khlopas ◽

Chukwuweike Gwam ◽

Jaydev Mistry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Patient Experience ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Pay For Performance ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Men And Women ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Knee ◽

Chi Square Analysis

AbstractThe Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has implemented the Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) score as a pay-for-performance reimbursement model. Patient experience, as measured by the Press Ganey (PG) survey, currently comprises 20% of total VBP score. It is therefore beneficial for the orthopaedist to become familiar with these changes to maximize profits. Currently, a paucity of data exists that elucidates which factors influence PG scores between men and women following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Therefore, we asked: (1) which PG survey factors most influences hospital ratings among men and women patients post-TKA and (2) is there a significant difference in overall hospital ratings among men and women cohorts post-TKA? We queried the PG database for patients who received a TKA between November 2009 and January 2015, yielding 224 men (mean age 64 years, range: 39–88) and 519 women (mean age 65 years; range, 25–92). A multiple regression analysis was performed for each cohort with overall hospital satisfaction as the dependent variable to assess the influence (β-weight) each PG domain imparted on overall hospital rating. A chi-square analysis and t-test were performed to assess categorical and continuous variables, respectively. For men, communication with nurses (β = 0.408, p = 0.016), followed by communication about medications (β = 0.261, p = 0.032), most influenced overall hospital rating. For women, communication with nurses (β = 0.479, p < 0.001) most influenced overall hospital rating. This was followed by staff responsiveness (β = 0.201, p = 0.046), pain management (β = 0.263, p = 0.015), and communication about medications (β = − 0.152, p = 0.029). It is of great advantage for the orthopaedist to focus on the PG domains most pertinent to each patient gender post-TKA. For both genders, overall hospital rating was significantly influenced by communication with nurses and information about medication. However, staff responsiveness and pain control were of significant importance in determining overall hospital rating for women. Therefore, orthopaedists should consider focusing on these factors depending on the gender of the patient to optimize satisfaction.

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A Survey of the Use of Ultrasound by Upper Extremity Surgeons

Hand ◽

10.1177/1558944716646779 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

William L. Wang ◽

Kevin Kruse ◽

John R. Fowler

Keyword(s):

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Carpal Tunnel ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Practice Setting ◽

Chi Square ◽

Ultrasound Machine ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tunnel Syndrome ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Background: Ultrasound is a versatile imaging modality that can be used by upper extremity surgeons for diagnostic purposes and guided injections. The perceptions of ultrasound for diagnosis and treatment among upper extremity surgeons and its barriers for adoption have not been formally surveyed. The purpose of this study is to determine the current usage of musculoskeletal ultrasound for diagnostic purposes and guided injections by upper extremity surgeons and their reasons for using it or not using it in practice. Methods: A 22-question survey was distributed to the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH). The survey questions consisted of respondent characteristic questions and questions pertaining to the use of ultrasound. Chi-square analysis was performed to assess for a difference in ultrasound usage across respondent characteristics. Results: Three hundred four (43%) answered that they have an ultrasound machine in their office; Fifty-one percent (362) of the respondents use ultrasound for diagnostic purposes. Fifty-five (8%) of the survey respondents use ultrasound to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome; 168 (23.5%) respondents reported that they use ultrasound for guided injections. There was a statistically significant difference between access to an ultrasound machine in the office by practice setting and use of ultrasound for diagnostic purposes by practice setting. Conclusions: The use of ultrasound by upper extremity surgeons is split for diagnostic purposes, with fewer surgeons using ultrasound to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome and guided injections. Ultrasound machine availability and the use of ultrasound for diagnosis appear to be influenced by practice setting.

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Auto-sexing potential and growth performance in Rhode Island, Nigerian local chickens and their reciprocal crosses

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v46i5.269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

Author(s):

A. E. Jubril ◽

T. R. Fayeye ◽

A. A. Ademola ◽

H. H. Gunn

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Plumage Colour ◽

Chi Square ◽

Reciprocal Crosses ◽

Colour Inheritance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Cross ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Local Chickens

This study was conducted to determine auto-sexing potential in Rhode Island, Nigerian local chicken and their reciprocal crosses. A total of 241 eggs were set in the incubator to determine the fertility, hatchability, % Hatch, % dead in shell, % dead in cell and % deformed chicks in the four genotypes (Rhode Island Red (RIR) x Rhode Island White (RIW), Rhode Island Red (RIR) x Rhode Island White (RIW), Nigerian Local Red (NLR) x Rhode Island White (RIW) and Nigerian Local Red (NLR) x Nigerian Local White (NLW). Only 94 eggs were hatched. RIRXRIW crossbred chicks had the highest percentage fertility of 88.89% followed by RIRxRIW (86.27%), NLRXRIW (77.36%) and NLRxNLW (72.31%), respectively. RIRxNLW had the highest percentage hatchability of 65.19%, followed by RIRxRIW (51.56%), NLRxNLW (51.06%) and NLRxRIW (24.39%). It was observed in the hatch-out analysis that the cross between NLRxRIW had the highest percentage of dead in shell (29.27%) followed by RIRxRIW (17.19%), NLRxNLW (17.02%) and RIRxNLW (11.36%), respectively. The highest percentage of dead in cell was recorded in NLRxRIW crossbred (43.33%), followed by NLRxNLW (31.92%), RIRxRIW (28.13%) and RIRxNLW (15.91%). The observed deformed chicks were highest in NLRxNLW (20.85%) followed by RIRxNLW (10.34%), RIRxRIW (6.06%) and NLRxNLW (0%), respectively. Also observed was the occurrence of bangers with NLRxRIW, having the highest occurrence of bangers (9.08%) and with NLRxNLW having no occurrence of bangers. The records of weekly body weight were taken on the 94 chicks and chi square analysis was used to test colour inheritance of chicks. Significant (P<0.05) difference was observed among genotypes in body weight of chicks at hatch and from weeks 1 to 8 weeks of age. The observed changes on body weight from 0 to 8th week of age of chicks showed significant difference across the four different genetic crossed groups (P<0.05) and weight at the 8th week showed that the cross between RIRxRIW (216.93g) had better in growth as compared to the cross between NLRxRIW (202.75g) and NLRxNLW (193.17g) which were statistically similar (P>0.05) and RIRxNLW (179.75g) crossbred chicks which had the lowest bodyweight at 8 weeks of age. The chi square (X2) analysis revealed that both RIRxRIW and NLRxRIW crossbred chicks were autosexed. The study concluded that selection for plumage colour showed great potential in determining the probability of chicks being autosexed. Also, pure bred of RIRXRIW and reciprocal cross of NLRXRIW showed great potential of producing autosexed chicks, while results on the direct crosses of NLRXNLW and RIRXNLW suggest that the pattern of inheritance of plumage colour is not simple. The study recommends further investigation to further ascertain the mode of plumage colour inheritance in the Nigerian Local Chickens.

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