scholarly journals 404 Beef heifer development: Managing nutrition to optimize fertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
Adam F Summers
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Beef Heifer

Abstract Beef cattle longevity can be tied to reproductive performance. Developing heifers that will thrive in their environment, under specific management systems, is crucial for today’s producers. Management decisions influencing heifer fertility are numerous; however, the most commonly discussed and studied revolves around nutrition. The objectives of this presentation are to review our understanding of the influence of nutrition on beef heifer fertility and identify potential mechanisms which may improve heifer fertility and beef producer profitability. Also, we will identify management decisions that may impact body weight gain or efficiency of weight gain, thus impacting fertility. Management strategies delaying heifer growth patterns pre- or post-weaning have been reported to alter heifer reproductive performance. Additionally, developing heifers on native range compared to in the dry lot or confinement settings may alter growth rates/patterns, thus affecting the heifer’s ability to become pregnant, or maintain that pregnancy. Supplementing heifers with specific nutrient profiles has also been reported to improve pregnancy rates compared with non-supplemented or control animals. Previously, it was believed heifers are born with a finite number of follicles within their ovaries, and the depletion of the ovarian reserve occurs at a constant rate. Recent research has challenged this, reporting heifers developed on a stair-step growth program had an increased number of primordial follicles compared to constant gain developed heifers. Additionally, development system (native range vs. dry lot) appears to impact ovarian function. Continued research increasing our understanding of mechanisms involved in improving heifer fertility are warranted. These efforts will aid in identifying management strategies that will optimize animal reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Effect of body development from first insemination to first weaning on performance and culling until the third farrowing of Landrace x Large White swine females

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Lesskiu ◽  
M.L. Bernardi ◽  
I. Wentz ◽  
F.P. Bortolozzo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Body Development

The aim of this study was to verify the association of sow body weight development until the 1st weaning with reproductive performance, piglet production and culling rate until the 3rd farrowing in 196 primiparous sows using logistic regression models. Each 10kg increase in weight gain in the 1stpregnancy (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st farrowing (OR= 0.70), weight at the 1st weaning (OR= 0.73) or weight gain from the 1startificial insemination (AI) to the 1st weaning (OR= 0.67) decreased the percentage of primiparous sows with long weaning-to-oestrus interval - WOI (>5 days). An increasing lactation length and an increase in the number of weaned piglets were responsible for respectively decreasing (OR= 0.77-0.80, per day of lactation) and increasing (OR= 1.52-1.59, per piglet weaned) the percentage of sows with long WOI. Sows with <159.5kg at weaning had higher odds of non-farrowing (NFR) compared to sows with >170kg (OR= 4.73). Sows with <17.5kg of gain from the 1st AI to the 1st weaning had higher odds (OR= 4.88) of NFR than sows gaining >30kg. Each additional lactation day decreased the NFR (OR= 0.74). Females weighing <139kg at the 1st AI had higher percentages of small numbers of total born in the second parity (STB2, OR= 2.00) and over three parities (OR= 3.28) compared to those weighing ≥139kg. Sows with weight gain <25kg at the 1st pregnancy had higher odds of STB2 (OR= 3.01) compared to sows gaining >35kg. Each 10kg of increase in weight at the 1st weaning or in weight gain from the 1stAI to the 1stweaning decreased the total culling rate (OR= 0.71 and 0.73, respectively) and culling for reproductive reasons (OR= 0.57 and 0.61, respectively). The culling rate until the 3rdfarrowing was also increased in sows with a smaller first litter size. The results show that not only reaching a minimum weight at the 1st AI but also having an adequate body weight gain until the 1st weaning is important for the reproductive performance, productivity and retention of Landrace x Large White Danbred sows in the herd.

Effects of a copper-bearing intrauterine device on the ovarian function, body weight gain and pregnancy rate of nulliparous heifers

1997 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Turin ◽  
C.A. Nagle ◽  
M. Lahoz ◽  
M. Torres ◽  
M. Turin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intrauterine Device

scholarly journals A comparative study on reproductive performance and productivity of the Black Bengal and Crossbred goat at Atrai, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan ◽  
SM Niaz Mahmud ◽  
SKM Azizul Islam ◽  
Omar Faruk Miazi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The present investigation was carried out to detect the status of different productive and reproductive parameters of Black Bengal and Crossbred goats at Bandaikhara village under Atrai Upazilla of Naogaon district during the period of September to December/2005. The average age at first sign of heat of Black Bengal goats was better than that of Crossbred goats. In Black Bengal goat the average age at first kidding was 360.5±10 days, whereas, in crossbred goats it was 411.5±15.5 day. Significantly (P<0.01) lower the post partum heat period in Black Bengal goat than the crossbred goat. The average kidding interval in Black Bengal and Crossbred goats were 179±20 and 270±22 days respectively and differences are statistically significant (P<0.01). The usual numbers of kids at one time in Black Bengal goats vary from single to quadruplet. On the other hand, litter size of crossbred goat was single or twin. The average birth weight of Black Bengal goat was lower than Crossbred goats, which are statistically significant (P<0.05). The average body weight gain after 365 days is better in Crossbred than Black Bengal goats and statistically significant (P<0.01). The average milk yield in Crossbred goat was 1.05 liter/day, whereas, in Black Bengal goat, it produces milk that only nourished its kids. It was concluded that the reproductive performance like early maturity, larger litter size, shorter postpartum period, minimum kidding interval are better in Black Bengal goat. On the other hand productive performance like higher birth weight, maximum body weight gain, high milk yield, longer lactation length are suitable in crossbred goat. Key words: Black Bengal goat, Crossbred goat, Production, Reproduction, Performance Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 55-57

Growth pattern and its effect on feed utilization of sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Murray ◽  
Olga Slezacek
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThe effect of three different growth patterns from 15 to 40 kg live weight on the feed utilization of lambs was studied. The treatments were: high (H) ad-libitum feed intake, low (L) restricted feed intake and high-maintenance-high (HMH) ad-libitum feed intake from 15 to 25 kg followed by a 50-day period during which live weight was maintained constant, which in turn was followed by ad-libitum feeding. Animals were individually penned and fed a pelleted lucerne chaff-cereal grain mixture. Intakes of pellets were converted to digestible organic matter (DOM) using the results of in-vitro digestion studies. Two animals were killed at the start of the experiment (15 kg) and the remaining 27 animals (nine in each treatment) were killed at common live weights of 25, 30, 35 and 40 kg.A marked reduction was observed during weight stasis at 25 kg in the amount of DOM required daily by the HMH animals to maintain live weight. Despite marked compensatory growth by the HMH animals which were rehabilitated after the period of weight stasis, DOM intakes were similar in both these HMH animals and a corresponding number of H animals over identical live-weight ranges.Differences between treatments were found in DOM intake per unit live-weight gain (H < HMH < L), empty body-weight gain (H = HMH < L) and carcass weight gain (H < HMH = L) from 15 kg until slaughter. DOM intake was utilized more efficiently for gains of all these components by HMH animals during compensatory growth compared with H animals over the same live-weight ranges.DOM intakes were related to energy gains in the carcass both for all animals in each treatment from 15 kg until slaughter, and for the H and HMH animals which were killed at 30, 35 and 40 kg from 25 kg. Comparisons of these data showed treatment differences in the efficiency of DOM conversion to carcass energy (H > HMH > L) and that DOM was utilized no more efficiently by HMH animals during compensatory growth than by H animals over identical live-weight ranges.It is concluded that the increased efficiency of utilization of DOM for carcass gain during compensatory growth was due to changes in carcass composition during the period of weight stasis.

scholarly journals Growth Patterns, Body Weight, and Morphometric of KUB Chicken, Sentul Chicken and Arab Chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Depison Depison ◽  
Nabilah Ika Puteri ◽  
Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pubic Bone ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Tibia Length

The purpose of this research was to determine the body weight, weight gain and morphometric characteristics of several local chicken strains. The research materials were KUB chicken, Sentul chicken, and Arab chicken. The method used was an experiment with a sample of 82 chickens from each strain. Data collected include body weight, weight gain, beak length, beak width, head length, head circumference, head height, neck length, neck circumference, wing length, back length, back height, chest length, chest width, shank length, shank circumference, tibia length, tibia circumference, third finger length, and pubic bone distance. Data collected were analyzed using the average difference test (t-test). The average value vector of body measurements of chicken lines was analyzed using the T²-Hotelling statistical test. Main Component Analysis statistical test was used to identify the shape and size characteristics of each chicken strain. The results showed that the body weight and morphometrics of KUB chickens at 3 months were significantly different (P<0.05) with Sentul chickens and Arab chickens. KUB chicken`s body weight gain at 3 months was not significantly different (P>0.05) from Sentul chickens, but it was significantly different (P<0.05) from Arab chickens. Body weight, weight gain, and morphometrics of KUB chickens were higher than Sentul chickens and Arab chickens. The size indicator in KUB chickens was the tibia length while in Sentul chickens and Arab chickens was chest length. The characteristic of KUB chickens was the back length, Sentul chickens was tibia length, and Arab chickens was the shank circumference.

The effect of nutrition before mating on the reproductive performance of Merino ewes

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
MD Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Critical Weight ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
High Level

A factorially designed trial was used to study the effects of level of nutrition on the reproductive performance of Merino ewes. A high level of nutrition from three weeks before joining to conception (flushing) increased the percentage of twin births independently of the effects of previous levels of nutrition. Levels of nutrition did not affect the number of ewes that lambed. Flushing increased body weight and body condition score. Re-analysis of the results showed that there was an association between both body weight gain and body condition score and percentage of twin births. However, body weight gain and body condition score increase during flushing were associated with levels of nutrition before flushing. Although flushing increased body weight of groups at conception, on re-analysis of the results, the percentage of twin births could not be associated with weight at conception. Possible reasons for this result are suggested. As there was no indication of a significant relation between weight at conception and percentage of ewes that lambed, it is suggested that the critical weight for mating these ewes was below 38.7 kg.

BODY WEIGHT REGULATION IN FEMALE RATS FOLLOWING NEONATAL TESTOSTERONE

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul U. Dubuc
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Body Weights

ABSTRACT Neonatal testosterone treatment of female rats led to an increase in body weight and skeletal growth and produced evidence of altered ovarian function over a 76 day period following treatment. Bilateral ovariectomy performed eleven weeks after neonatal treatment increased the rate of body weight gain of both testosterone propionate- and oil-treated groups, but no differences in the increased rates of weight gain were evident between groups over a five week post-ovex observation period. Subsequently, long-term oestrogen replacement therapy, via subcutaneous Silastic implants, produced equal reductions in the rates of body weight gain and somatic growth of both early testosterone- and oil-treated ovariectomized groups. In spite of the marked effects of these manipulations on body weight and skeletal growth, no significant differences were noted in the Lee Index of obesity between androgenized and the appropriate non-androgenized control rats at any interval of the experimental period. These results indicate that neither ovarian hormones nor an altered sensitivity to oestrogen of body weight regulatory mechanisms are important in the increased body weight that follows perinatal testosterone treatment. Additionally, the present data add support to previous work which has suggested that a general increase of somatic growth rather than 'obesity' provides the major contribution to the elevated body weights of androgenized female rats.

Weight gain and reproductive performance of spring-born beef heifer calves intraruminally administered oxfendazole1,2

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Purvis ◽  
J. C. Whittier ◽  
S. L. Boyles ◽  
L. J. Johnson ◽  
H. D. Ritchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Beef Heifer

scholarly journals Feeding strategy during pregnancy for ewes with a large litter size. 1. Effect of quantity and composition of concentrates on intake and reproductive performance.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 527-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Everts
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Large Litter

In 6 trials, 40 Ile de France X Finnish Landrace ewes 2 to 8 years old were given during pregnancy diets containing 40% energy from concentrates and crude protein (CP) 196 or 91 g/kg or 60% energy from concentrates and CP 189 or 240 g/kg. Mean litter size was 3.26. The sum of the birth weights of lambs was affected by the treatment where a higher protein concentration was combined with a lower degradability of the protein. Net body weight gain was affected by litter size, ketosis and treatment. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake was lower than expected. Treatments with 60% of energy from concentrates showed a higher ME intake than treatments with 40% of energy originating from concentrates. CP intake was higher where a higher protein level was combined with a lower degradability. DM intake in the last 2 months of pregnancy was affected by litter size, age of the ewes, ketosis and feeding treatment. DM intake decreased in the last weeks of pregnancy and was related to litter size, The possible reasons for this effect are discussed. Substitution rates of concentrates to forage depended also on the litter size. The effect of the ketosis on the intake pattern is described. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane): effects of inhalation exposure upon reproductive performance, development and maturation of rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Alexander ◽  
SE Libretto ◽  
MJ Adams ◽  
EW Hughes ◽  
M. Bannerman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Related Effect ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
Successive Generations

1 HFA-134a was administered to AHA rats by snout-only inhalation for 1 h daily to assess the effects of treatment on reproduction and development. 2 In a fertility study, rats were exposed to atmospheres of 2500, 10000 or 50000 p.p.m. HFA-134a throughout gametogenesis, mating, pregnancy and lactation. 3 In a peri- and post-natal study, rats were exposed to HFA-134a from days 17 to 20 of pregnancy and days 1 to 21 post partum to atmospheres of 1800, 9900 or 64 400 p.p.m. 4 The only treatment-related effect was a slight reduc tion in body weight gain of males of the treated parental generation at 50 000 p.p.m. (fertility study). 5 In neither study were there any adverse effects of HFA- 134a on the reproductive performance of treated animals or on the development, maturation or reproductive performance of up to two successive generations.

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