Growth pattern and its effect on feed utilization of sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Murray ◽  
Olga Slezacek
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThe effect of three different growth patterns from 15 to 40 kg live weight on the feed utilization of lambs was studied. The treatments were: high (H) ad-libitum feed intake, low (L) restricted feed intake and high-maintenance-high (HMH) ad-libitum feed intake from 15 to 25 kg followed by a 50-day period during which live weight was maintained constant, which in turn was followed by ad-libitum feeding. Animals were individually penned and fed a pelleted lucerne chaff-cereal grain mixture. Intakes of pellets were converted to digestible organic matter (DOM) using the results of in-vitro digestion studies. Two animals were killed at the start of the experiment (15 kg) and the remaining 27 animals (nine in each treatment) were killed at common live weights of 25, 30, 35 and 40 kg.A marked reduction was observed during weight stasis at 25 kg in the amount of DOM required daily by the HMH animals to maintain live weight. Despite marked compensatory growth by the HMH animals which were rehabilitated after the period of weight stasis, DOM intakes were similar in both these HMH animals and a corresponding number of H animals over identical live-weight ranges.Differences between treatments were found in DOM intake per unit live-weight gain (H < HMH < L), empty body-weight gain (H = HMH < L) and carcass weight gain (H < HMH = L) from 15 kg until slaughter. DOM intake was utilized more efficiently for gains of all these components by HMH animals during compensatory growth compared with H animals over the same live-weight ranges.DOM intakes were related to energy gains in the carcass both for all animals in each treatment from 15 kg until slaughter, and for the H and HMH animals which were killed at 30, 35 and 40 kg from 25 kg. Comparisons of these data showed treatment differences in the efficiency of DOM conversion to carcass energy (H > HMH > L) and that DOM was utilized no more efficiently by HMH animals during compensatory growth than by H animals over identical live-weight ranges.It is concluded that the increased efficiency of utilization of DOM for carcass gain during compensatory growth was due to changes in carcass composition during the period of weight stasis.

scholarly journals The effect of pattern of food supply on performance, compensatory growth and carcass composition of Beulah and Welsh Mountain lambs

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Iason ◽  
A. R. Mantecon ◽  
J. A. Milne ◽  
D. A. Sim ◽  
A. D. M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pelleted Diet

AbstractSeventy-eight Beulah (BH) and 78 Welsh Mountain (WM) wether lambs (mature live weights (MLW) 60 and 70 kg respectively), were used to investigate genotypic differences in performance and compensatory growth during the post-weaning period. After an initial slaughter of 12 of each breed, a complete straw-based pelleted diet (122 g crude protein and 10·4 Mj metabolizable energy per kg dry matter (DM)) was offered ad libitum to a further 29 of each which were slaughtered at a range of live weights between proportionately 0·35 andl -00 of ML W. As well as these groups undergoing normal growth (NG), the remaining lambs were given the same diet at a level sufficient to maintain constant live weight (LW) for 3 months. Eight of each breed were then slaughtered and the remaining 29 of each offered the diet ad libitum for a period of post-restricted growth (PRG); these 29 were also slaughtered between 0·35 and 1·00 of MLW. During the periods of ad libitum food supply, voluntary food intake was greater in BH than WM lambs (BH: 38·3, WM: 35·3 g DM per kg LW, P < 0·01) and during PRG as compared with NG although this result was due to a response only in WM lambs (NG - BH: 38·0, PRG-BH: 38·5, NG - WM: 33·3, PRG - WM: 37·2 g DM per kg LW, breed × pattern of food supply interaction, P < 0·05). Daily live-weight gain (LWG) was greater during PRG than NG in both breeds (NG: 3·15, PRG: 4·80 g/kg LWper day, P < 0·05). This effect was greatest in the first 8 weeks of growth but persisted into the period 16 weeks to maturity. WM lambs had overall slightly leaner carcasses and a lower proportion of protein in the fleece-free empty body than BH when compared at the same proportion of MLW; particularly during PRG. The protein in the carcass-weight gain (CWG) was greater in WM lambs during PRG than during NG (NG: 98, PRG: 123 g/kg, P < 0·05), but did not differ significantly in BH (NG: 106, PRG: 118 g/kg). The proportion of fat in CWG was concomitantly smaller during PRG. There are thus breed differences in the performance and carcass composition of lambs during compensatory growth. Genotypes to be finished by continuous feeding or a regimen incorporating food restriction should be carefully chosen for date offinishing in relation to desired carcass composition.

The effect of level of dietary protein on the carcass composition of bacon pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Holme ◽  
W. E. Coey ◽  
K. L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThe paper reports the results of experiments to study the effects of different levels of dietary protein on the performance and carcass quality of bacon pigs fed on a high-energy diet: (a) to make similar rates of live-weight gain on all treatments, (b) to make similar rates of live-weight gain but with the level of protein on some treatments being reduced at 130 lb., (c) to allow ad libitum feed intake on all treatments, (d) to obtain two distinctpatterns of growth (fast-fast and slow-fast) on each of two levels of dietary protein.In the comparison of the two contrasting patterns of growth there was no significant interaction between rate of gain during the period 40–125 lb. live-weight and level of dietary protein. Differences in carcass density and linear measurements were significant and the results suggest that irrespective of growth pattern there was a carcass response to level of protein.Where diets of different protein content were given ad libitum or to obtain a uniform growth pattern on all treatments, growth rates were generally good, with little difference in feed intake between the treatments within each experiment; variations in level of protein therefore had little effect on growth rate. In some of the comparisons, significant carcass differences were found in terms of density, dissection data and linear measurements; in others only the density differences were significant.The results suggest that with each of the feeding systems a level of about 17% crude protein, associated with 12% fish meal, is more likely than lower levels to give lean bacon carcasses. In the one experiment in which the protein level was reduced at 130 lb. live-weight there was no marked effect on carcass composition.

scholarly journals Effects of Replacing Groundnut Cake with Blood Vegetable Waste Meal in the Diets of Weaner Rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Adedayo Abiodun Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Ad Libitum

A total of seventy-two weaner rabbits of eight weeks of age were used to assess the effects of replacing groundnut cake (GNC) with blood vegetable waste meal (BVWM) in the diets of rabbits. The BVWM was fed to replace dietary GNC at 0, 15, 30, and 45%, with GNC being 15% in the control diet. The four experimental diets were fed ad libitum for a period of eight weeks. BVWM was analyzed to contain a crude protein value of 62.35%. There were comparable feed intake values by rabbits on all the diets although the rabbits in the higher replacement levels of BVWM tended to have consumed more of the feed. There were significant increases (P<0.05) in body weight gain by rabbits as the BVWM level increased in the diet. Similarly, the feed to gain ratio improved and nitrogen digestibility increased (P<0.05) with higher levels of BVWM in the diet. This study shows that rabbits can tolerate the 45% BVWM replacement of groundnut cake effectively.

scholarly journals PSX-31 Effects of substitution of corn and soybean meal with dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) in legume based diets on lamb feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 455-456
Author(s):  
Kianna E Lyte ◽  
Brou Kouakou ◽  
Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

Abstract In the United States, bioethanol is generated from corn and biodiesel from soybean oil to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Ethanol production generates DDGS, high in bypass protein and soluble carbohydrates, which can be used as a cheaper alternative replacement for corn and soybean. This experiment was conducted to evaluate voluntary feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites of lambs fed legume-based diets supplemented with corn and soybean meal or dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS). Animals were individually housed in pens (1.52 mx 1.52 m) under a modified carport shed with woodchips as bedding. They were stratified into four groups (n = 9) with similar weights and standard deviation and randomly assigned to four treatments. The lambs were fed ground sericea hay (SL) or alfalfa meal (ALF) with either corn and soybean meal (control) or DDGS for 60 days. Treatments were SLC, SLDDGS, ALFC and AFLDDGS. The lambs were fed ad libitum based on their selected treatment and given water daily. At the end of the 60 days, weights and blood samples were collected. Plasma samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Data were analyzed using Proc Mix Procedure of SAS. Results indicated that replacing corn with DDGS did not (P &gt; 0.05) affect voluntary feed intake, final live weight and carcass weight. Blood NEFA and glucose were not affected by dietary treatments. BUN increased in lambs fed alfalfa with corn and soybean meal compared to animals fed either legume supplemented with DDGS. Similarly animals fed sericea have lower (P &lt; 0.05) BUN (19 vs 23 mg/dL) when corn and soybean meal were replaced with DDGS. DDGS can be used in legume diets for growing lambs in replacement for corn and soybean meal.

The effects of dietary energy content and level of feeding on the growth of Israeli-Friesian intact male cattle

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
H. Neumark ◽  
S. Amir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYIn an experiment with group-fed cattle from 6 months of age to slaughter at 480 kg live weight two levels of feed intake: 1, ad libitum, 2, 85% of ad libitum amount, were combined with two ratios of concentrate to hay: a, 70: 30; b, 30: 70. In two further treatments, 3a and 3b, the cattle were fed diets a or b at 70% of ad libitum from 6 to 10 months and ad libitum thereafter.Daily gain during the first 124 days of the experiment was (in grams) 1293, 983, 1097, 846, 992 and 756, and from the 125th day to slaughter 735, 600, 796, 579, 830 and 714, for treatments la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, respectively. The decline in rate of gain from the first period to the second was inversely related to the level of feed intake and to the percentage of concentrates in the ration in the first period.Daily carcass gain was 582, 393, 532, 350, 531 and 368 g for treatments la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, respectively.The treatments that were switched over from 70% of ad libitum feed intake in the first period to 100% in the second (3a and 3b), exhibited considerable compensatory growth in the second period, but this was not sufficient to be of economic advantage.The overall ME requirement per kg of live-weight gain was inversely related to rate of gain. Of the six treatments, 2a (85% of ad libitum, 70% concentrate) was the most efficient (19·8 Mcal/kg live-weight gain).Animals on the 100% level of feed intake throughout the experiment (treatments la, lb) were significantly fatter than those on the other treatments.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AT THE STARTER PHASE ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
M Tion ◽  
M. T. Orga ◽  
I. A. Adeka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two hundred and twenty five day old straight run broiler chicks were utilized in completely randomized design to test the effect of restricting feed intake of four groups of chicks to 92.5% 85.0%, 77.5% and 70.0% of the unrestricted (control) group in the starter phase and following adlibitum feeding for all groups in the finisher phase. The treatments were simply designated as A, B, C, D and E. The starter phase in which the restriction was carried out lasted 28 days and the finisher phase 42 days. Parameters evaluated during the starter and finisher phases included; growth rate, feed conversion ration and mortality rate. Results show gain in weight among all groups while the group fed diet B and the control had comparable weight gain at the starter phase. The percentage weight difference between the control and each of the other dietary groups was: 4.4%, 8.4%, 8.6% and 10.4% for the treatments B, C, D and E respectively. Feed gain ration improved as the level of restriction became stricter. Following ad-libitum feeding of all grops at the finisher phase, the feed restricted groups at the starter phase voraciously increased their feed intake, thus, producing comparable performance values with the unrestricted (control) group in weight gain in the 8th week of the study. Although birds in all groups averaged more than 2000g final live weight in 10weeks, significant differences exist between groups that were fed diets C, D, and E that were restricted at the starter phase, an indication that complete compensatory growth was not obtainable. Feed gain ration improved for restricted groups. Mortality rate did not show any trend attributable to levels of feed restriction. This study shows that broiler chicks fed restricted levels of balanced diet at the starter phase but later fed ad-libitum at the finisher phase could attain a finished weight of about 2000g or more at a market age of 10 weeks (70 days) with an improvement in feed gain ration.

Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Performance by Beef Feedlot Cattle Given Lactobacillus Direct-Fed Microbials†

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. BRASHEARS ◽  
M. L. GALYEAN ◽  
G. H. LONERAGAN ◽  
J. E. MANN ◽  
K. KILLINGER-MANN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
E Coli

Fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7, the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in pens and on carcasses and hides, and cattle performance as a result of daily dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFMs) were evaluated in a feeding trial involving 180 beef steers. Steers were evaluated for shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by an immunomagnetic separation technique on arrival at the feedlot, just before treatment with the DFMs, and every 14 days thereafter until slaughter. Composite pen fecal samples were collected every 14 days (alternating weeks with animal testing), and prevalence on hides and carcasses at slaughter was also evaluated. Feedlot performance (body weight gain and feed intake) was measured for the period during which the DFMs were fed. Gain efficiency was calculated as the ratio of weight gain to feed intake. Lactobacillus acidophilus NPC 747 decreased (P &lt; 0.01) the shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in the feces of individual cattle during the feeding period. E. coli O157:H7 was approximately twice as likely to be detected in control animal samples as in samples from animals receiving L. acidophilus NPC 747. In addition, DFM supplementation decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the number of E. coli O157:H7–positive hide samples at harvest and the number of pens testing positive for the pathogen. Body weight gains (on a live or carcass basis) and feed intakes during the DFM supplementation period did not differ among treatments. Gain efficiencies on a live-weight basis did not differ among treatments, but carcass-based gain/feed ratios tended (P &lt; 0.06) to be better for animals receiving the two DFM treatments than for control animals. The results of this study suggest that the feeding of a Lactobacillus-based DFM to cattle will decrease, but not eliminate, fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7, as well as contamination on hides, without detrimental effects on performance.

scholarly journals Body weight gain and nutrient utilization in starter pigs that are liquid-fed high-moisture corn-based diets supplemented with phytase

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Columbus ◽  
C L Zhu ◽  
J R Pluske ◽  
C F.M. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
P Content ◽  
High Moisture Corn

A total of 384 starter pigs were used to examine the application of exogenous phytase in high-moisture corn (HMC)-based liquid diets. Pigs were randomly assigned to 24 pens in six blocks. Pens were randomly assigned one of four HMC-based diets formulated to vary in total phosphorus (P) content (Low, Medium and High), with phytase added to only the Low P diet (Phy). Body weight gain and feed intake were monitored until body weight exceeded 20 kg. Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein and P were measured on day 21 (Phase II) and day 42 (Phase III). At the end of the trial, two pigs from each pen were sacrificed for analysis of carcass composition and evaluation of metacarpals. Pigs fed the Phy treatment had increased digestibility of crude protein (P < 0.05) and P (P = 0.062) in Phase III, and increased metacarpal breaking strength (P < 0.01) and P content (P < 0.05). Average daily gain, feed intake, and carcass composition were not affected by treatment (P > 0.05). In conclusion, performance of starter pigs fed liquid HMC-based diets was maintained at dietary P levels below established requirements, but addition of phytase improved bone strength and mineralization. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of phytase, and that P requirement for maximum rate of weight gain in pigs is not sufficient for maximum skeletal development.Key words: High-moisture corn, liquid feed, phosphorus, phytase, starter pigs

The performance of weaned lambs offered diets containing different proportions of fresh perennial ryegrass and white clover

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Matter Energy

ABSTRACTSix weaned lambs were allocated to each of eight restricted feeding treatments with 1·00, 0·85, 0·71, 0·57, 0·43, 0·29, 0·15 or 0 of the diet as perennial ryegrass and the remainder as white clover, and to one ad libitum treatment with perennial ryegrass offered alone. A further six lambs were offered white clover ad libitum starting on day 15. Lambs on the restricted treatments received the same daily allowance of dry matter relative to live weight, adjusted at weekly intervals to allow the greatest possible intake without any rejection of herbage. Fresh cut herbage was offered daily and measurements were made over 69 days. Twelve additional lambs were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment, and all lambs on restricted treatments were slaughtered at the end.Increasing the proportion of clover in the diet increased the intake of nitrogen, empty-body-weight gain, carcass weight gain and nitrogen retention. When herbage was offered ad libitum, lambs ate significantly more clover than ryegrass and gained weight faster.The weight of gut contents decreased as the proportion of clover in the diet increased. The digestibility of the organic matter, energy and nitrogen of the mixed diets simply reflected the digestibilities of the two herbages and their proportions in the mixture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document