scholarly journals PSV-16 Infrared thermography technology as a promising tool for assessing temperament of water buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Daiane C Marques da Silva ◽  
Fabiola Martinez da Silva ◽  
Aline S Aranha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract This study evaluated the use of the infrared thermography (IT) as a tool to identify the temperament of 75 non-castrated water buffaloes (390±32 days of age; 310±61.27 kg of initial body weight) of 3 genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 25 for each GG). The animals were classified for temperament through the temperament score (TSc) obtained by the mean of the sum of the scores of the time of entry into the squeeze chute (1 to 5: 1=greater time spent for entry; 5=less time spent for entry) and the exit velocity score (1 to 5: 1=lower speed; 5=higher speed) calculated after the period of adaptation to the feedlot (d0). The animals were categorized into adequate (ADQ; TSc≤3) or excitable (EXC; TSc >3) temperaments. The rectal temperature was measured and IT images were obtained (Testo 882 Thermal Imager, Testo, Inc, Germany) from regions of the chest, eye, snout, cheek, foreleg (left side), ribs, hind legs, rear area (left side), and scrotum on d0. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, considering the GG, temperament, and the resulting interaction as fixed effects. Correlation was analyzed using the CORR procedure of SAS. There were no effects of interactions (P ≥ 0.14). ADQ animals showed lower rectal (P = 0.02) and ribs (P = 0.05) temperatures than EXC animals (Table1). Tendencies for temperament effect were detected for chest (P = 0.06) and rear area (P = 0.07). There was no effect of temperament for other variables (P = 0.19). Positive correlations were verified between the TSc and rectal (r=0.36; P < 0.01), chest (r=0.35; P < 0.01), and rear area (r=0.33; P < 0.01) temperatures. Tendency for a positive correlation was detected between TSc and scrotum (r=0.23; P = 0.07). In conclusion, the temperament causes changes in the temperature of some body regions suggesting the IT technology may be a promising tool for assessing the temperament of water buffaloes. Supported by FAPESP (#2018/25939-1; #2014/05473-7).

41 DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VULVAR SKIN TEMPERATURES AND TIME OF OVULATION IN SWINE USING DIGITAL INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Scolari ◽  
R. Evans ◽  
R. Knox ◽  
M. Tamassia ◽  
S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Accurate estrus detection is an essential component of a successful AI program in modern swine operations. It is necessary to establish efficacious means of estrus detection and optimize reproductive performance in the herd. Measurement of physiological traits such as body temperature, vaginal electrical resistance, and vulva reddening have been investigated as methods to aid in estrus detection in swine. The relationship between vulvar skin temperature (VST) and ovulation has not been previously investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess changes in VST that occur during the periovulatory period using digital infrared thermography (IRT). The experiment group consisted of a total of 25 gilts and 27 multiparous sows, and the control group consisted of 30 sows that were 60 days of gestation. All Yorkshire-Landrace females were housed individually in a temperature and humidity controlled environment. VST were measured twice daily at 8-h intervals using the infrared digital thermocamera (Fluke IR FlexCam® Thermal Imager, Fluke Corporation, Everett, WA) while the animals were standing and eating prior to estrus detection. Estrus detection was performed twice daily (at 8-h intervals) with the aid of an adult boar. Once standing estrus was observed, transrectal real-time ultrasound was performed twice daily at 8-h intervals to monitor follicle development and determine the time of ovulation. Ovaries were visualized using an Aloka 500 V ultrasonics machine (Aloka Inc., Tokyo, Japan) fitted with a transrectal 7.5-MHz linear transducer, which was fitted into a rigid, fixed-angle PVC adapter. Average VST and hours were reported in mean ± SEM and compared using an ANOVA and Student’s t-test using SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Additionally, pairwise comparisons were performed to compare VST at different times during estrus. Significant differences were reported at P ≤ 0.05. Evidence of CL formation and ovulation was detected at 38 ± 9.3 h after onset of estrus in gilts, and 43 ± 12 h in sows. The mean VST of sows during estrus was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than that of gilts. During estrus, the mean VST of gilts reached a peak of 35.6 ± 0.24°C and then decreased significantly to 33.9 ± 0.32°C 12 h prior to ovulation. This marked change in mean VST was detected between 36 and 12 h prior to ovulation. There was a similar trend in sows with a peak mean VST of 36.1 ± 0.25°C at 24 h prior to ovulation and then dropping to 34.6 ± 0.31°C 12 h prior to ovulation. There was no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) between VST in gilts and sows at the time of ovulation. This study demonstrated that VST of sows and gilts measured by IRT change significantly during the periovulatory period. Additionally, there are distinct times that VST rises and then falls precipitously in sows compared with gilts. Digital IRT as a predictor for ovulation in swine appears to be a promising tool. Further studies involving predictor models and hormonal assays need to be performed.

scholarly journals PSVII-8 Equations for prediction of empty body weight of water buffaloes finished in feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Andre M Jorge ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Matheus Henrique P Martins Narciso ◽  
Amanna G Jacaúna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
General Prediction

Abstract This study aimed to develop equations to predict the empty body weight (EBW) using the shrunk body weight (SBW) of water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 65 for each GG), considering possible variations among GG. One-hundred-ninety-five non-castrated males (390±32 days of age; 327±51.96 kg of initial body weight - BW) from two years of similar experiments were used. Animals of each GG were allocated in collective pens for 28 days of adaptation period. Diet and water were offered ad libitum. Animal SBW were recorded at the beginning and every 28 days until the averages SBW reached the values determined (420, 480, and 540kg of SBW). After slaughter and to obtain the EBW, the non-carcass components of each animal [blood, paws, head, leather, tail, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), liver, kidneys, internal fat, and other internal organs] were weighed. The full GIT of each animal was weighed to obtain the total weight, and then emptied, washed, drained, and weighed to obtain the weight of the GIT content. Initially, data were analyzed using UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS. SBW recorded prior to slaughter were categorized according to SBW proposed considering the coefficient of variation below 10% for each GG to increase the precision of the data used, which decreased the initial n to 104 animals. Equations were developed and tested for GG effect using GLM and REG procedures in SAS. Tendency of GG effect was detected (P = 0.06). Thus, different prediction equations were determined for each GG, and a general prediction equation was developed for the three GG (Table 1). In conclusion, the results suggest it is possible to use distinct equations to predict the EBW according to GG as well as a general equation can be also used, resulting in high predictions of EBW of water buffaloes finished in feedlot.

scholarly journals PSVII-15 Performance, digestibility and ruminal morphophysiology of water buffaloes finished in feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
Amanna G Jacaúna ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
Paulo R L Meirelles ◽  
Lúcia M Zeoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This study evaluated the digestibility and ruminal morphophysiology of water buffaloes finished in feedlot and receiving concentrate diet ad libitum (corn silage, ground corn, cottonseed meal, urea, and premix). Seventy-eight male water buffaloes of different genetic groups (GG; Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 26 animals for each GG; 378.57±42.76 kg of initial body weight - BW) were used. The digestibility evaluation was performed and the feces samples were collected after 84 days, for 13 consecutive days [10 days of data collection for dry matter intake (DMI) calculation, and three days of feces collection]. Samples of the ruminal epithelium were collected for morphological and histological analysis of the ruminal papillae postmortem. There was no effect of the GG for digestibility (P = 0.15). Jafarabadi and Mediterranean showed superior feedlot performance compared to Murrah (P < 0.01) for average daily gain (1.57, 1.60, and 1.29, in kg/day, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=0.07). In addition, Mediterranean presented higher values for DMI than the other GG (2.14, 2.47, and 2.21, in %BW, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=0.07). Effect of the GG was verified for the variable epithelium (P < 0.01), for which Murrah obtained higher value than other GG (49.14, 48.99, and 55.46, in µm, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=4.97). Tendency was detected for papillae width (P = 0.09) for which Mediterranean showed a smaller value compared to Jafarabadi, while Murrah did not differ from both GG (0.338, 0.303, and 0.316, in mm, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=0.016). The mean number of papillae showed tendency for the GG (PP = 0.09) with the highest value for the Mediterranean (56.48, 66.31, and 58.04, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=13.88). In conclusion, GG of water buffaloes have some differences in feedlot performance and ruminal traits; however, these characteristics do not affect digestibility. Supported by FAPESP (#2014/05473-7).

scholarly journals Relationship between rectal temperature measured with a conventional thermometer and the temperature of several body regions measured by infrared thermography in fattening rabbits. Influence of different environmental factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Jaén-Téllez ◽  
Ester Bartolomé ◽  
María José Sánchez-Guerrero ◽  
Mercedes Valera ◽  
Pedro González-Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Digital Thermometer ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
June July

In clinical examination of rabbits, the temperature is usually recorded with a digital thermometer introduced rectally, an invasive procedure that could cause handling stress. The aim of this study was to assess body temperature using infrared thermography (IRT) in four areas of the rabbit’s anatomy: eye (ETT), outer ear (OETT), inner ear (IETT) and nose (NTT), and then validate it as an alternative measure to rectal temperature (RT) assessed with a conventional thermometer. Temperature samples were taken twice a week from 48 weaned rabbits of Spanish Common Rabbit breed during a 38-d fattening period. The factors considered were: doe from which the rabbits came (8 does), weeks of fattening period (4 to 5 wk), batch (3 periods of the year: April-May, June-July and January-February) and group size (cages with 1 to 7 rabbits). On average, the results were an RT of 38.48±0.02 °C; ETT of 37.31±0.05 °C; OETT of 29.09±0.26°C; IETT of 30.53±0.251 °C, and NTT of 33.29±0.11 °C (mean±se). Moderate, statistically significant positive correlations (PP

scholarly journals Evaluating the Authenticity of the Raw-Milk Cheese Fontina (PDO) with Respect to Similar Cheeses

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Luisa Pellegrino ◽  
Johannes A. Hogenboom ◽  
Veronica Rosi ◽  
Paolo D’Incecco
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Food Authenticity ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Production Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Raw Milk Cheese

The implementation of quality assurance schemes for the assessment of PDO food authenticity is an issue involving manufacturers, traders, retailers and consumers. In this respect, reliable analytical methods are needed to integrate paper-trailing information. The feasibility of distinguishing the Italian Fontina PDO cheese from the generic Fontal cheese was preliminarily evaluated on a set of commercial samples by measuring selected parameters (pH, alkaline phosphatase activity, content of copper, volatiles, extent of proteolysis) related to the different manufacturing processes. The relative profile of free amino acids proved to be a promising tool. A new set of 41 samples of Fontina PDO cheese was collected at representative dairies within the recognized production area and analyzed for free amino acids. A chemometric model of Fontina PDO cheese was built based on the mean content and standard deviation of 15 free amino acids. On this basis, all of the PDO samples were correctly identified, whereas all of the Fontal cheeses were recognized as different cheeses.

scholarly journals Metabolic Adaptations to Dynamic Energy Requirements during Lactation and Pregnancy in Dairy Cows with Varying Proportions of Holstein and Simmental Breed

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Deise Aline Knob ◽  
André Thaler Neto ◽  
Helen Schweizer ◽  
Anna Weigand ◽  
Roberto Kappes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Genetic Groups

Depending on the breed or crossbreed line, cows have to cope with a more or less severe negative energy balance during the period of high milk yields in early lactation, which can be detected by beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in blood. Preventing cows from undergoing a severe negative energy balance by breeding and/or feeding measures is likely to be supported by the public and may help to improve the sustainability of milk production. The aim was to compare BHBA and NEFA concentrations in the blood of Holstein and Simmental cows and their crosses during the prepartum period until the end of lactation. In total, 164 cows formed five genetic groups according to their theoretic proportion of Holstein and Simmental genes as follows: Holstein (100% Holstein; n = 9), R1-Hol (51–99% Holstein; n = 30), F1 crossbreds (50% Holstein, 50% Simmental; n = 17), R1-Sim (1–49% Holstein; n = 81) and Simmental (100% Simmental; n = 27). NEFA and BHBA were evaluated once a week between April 2018 and August 2019. A mixed model analysis with fixed effects breed, week (relative to calving), the interaction of breed and week, parity, calving year, calving season, milking season, and the repeated measure effect on cows was used. Holstein cows had higher NEFAs (0.196 ± 0.013 mmol/L), and Simmental cows had the lowest NEFA concentrations (0.147 ± 0.008 mmol/L, p = 0.03). R1-Sim, F1 and R1-Hol cows had intermediate values (0.166 ± 0.005, 0.165 ± 0.010, 0.162 ± 0.008 mmol/L; respectively). The highest NEFA value was found in the first week after calving (0.49 ± 0.013 mmol/L). BHBA did not differ among genetic groups (p = 0.1007). There was, however, an interaction between the genetic group and week (p = 0.03). While Simmental, R1-Sim and F1 cows had the highest BHBA value, the second week after calving (0.92 ± 0.07 and 1.05 ± 0.04, and 1.10 ± 0.10 mmol/L, respectively), R1-Hol and Holstein cows showed the BHBA peak at the fourth week after calving (1.16 ± 0.07 and 1.36 ± 0.12 mmol/L, respectively). Unexpectedly, Holstein cows had a high BHBA peak again at week 34 after calving (1.68 ± 0.21 mmol/L). The genetic composition of the cows affects NEFA and BHBA. Simmental and R1-Sim cows mobilize fewer body reserves after calving. Therefore, dairy cows with higher degrees of Simmental origin might be more sustainable in comparison with Holstein genetics in the present study.

Dental Care Use, Edentulism, and Systemic Health among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110190
Author(s):  
C.D. Meyerhoefer ◽  
J.V. Pepper ◽  
R.J. Manski ◽  
J.F. Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Systemic Health ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Retirement Study

Past research suggests there are systematic associations between oral health and chronic illness among older adults. Although causality has not yet been credibly established, periodontitis has been found to be associated with higher risk of both heart disease and stroke. We advance this literature by estimating the direct association between dental care use and systemic health using multiple waves of the 1992 to 2016 Health and Retirement Study. Through the inclusion of individual fixed effects in our regression models, we account for unobservable time-invariant characteristics of individuals that might otherwise bias estimates of the association between dental care use and health. We find statistically significant negative associations between dental care use and the number of health conditions, self-reported overall health, the incidence of heart disease, and the incidence of stroke. In particular, the use of dental care within the past 2 y is associated with a 2.7% reduction in the likelihood of being diagnosed with a heart condition and a reduction in the likelihood of a stroke diagnosis of between 5.3% and 11.6%. We also find large positive correlations between edentulism and the measures of chronic illness. Associations from models estimated separately for men and women are qualitatively similar to one another. These findings provide additional motivation for the consideration of a Medicare dental benefit.

scholarly journals Multi-Temporal Arable Land Monitoring in Arid Region of Northwest China Using a New Extraction Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5274
Author(s):  
Xinyang Yu ◽  
Younggu Her ◽  
Xicun Zhu ◽  
Changhe Lu ◽  
Xuefei Li
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Hexi Corridor ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Mean

Development of a high-accuracy method to extract arable land using effective data sources is crucial to detect and monitor arable land dynamics, servicing land protection and sustainable development. In this study, a new arable land extraction index (ALEI) based on spectral analysis was proposed, examined by ground truth data, and then applied to the Hexi Corridor in northwest China. The arable land and its change patterns during 1990–2020 were extracted and identified using 40 Landsat TM/OLI images acquired in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can distinguish arable land areas accurately, with the User’s (Producer’s) accuracy and overall accuracy (kappa coefficient) exceeding 0.90 (0.88) and 0.89 (0.87), respectively. The mean relative error calculated using field survey data obtained in 2012 and 2020 was 0.169 and 0.191, respectively, indicating the feasibility of the ALEI method in arable land extracting. The study found that arable land area in the Hexi Corridor was 13217.58 km2 in 2020, significantly increased by 25.33% compared to that in 1990. At 10-year intervals, the arable land experienced different change patterns. The study results indicate that ALEI index is a promising tool used to effectively extract arable land in the arid area.

scholarly journals Infrared Thermography Measurement for Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring in Low-Visibility Harsh Environments

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7067
Author(s):  
Jia-Hao He ◽  
Ding-Peng Liu ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Chung ◽  
Hsin-Haou Huang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Mode Shape ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Structural Health

In this study, infrared thermography is used for vibration-based structural health monitoring (SHM). Heat sources are employed as sensors. An acrylic frame structure was experimentally investigated using the heat sources as structural marker points to record the vibration response. The effectiveness of the infrared thermography measurement system was verified by comparing the results obtained using an infrared thermal imager with those obtained using accelerometers. The average error in natural frequency was between only 0.64% and 3.84%. To guarantee the applicability of the system, this study employed the mode shape curvature method to locate damage on a structure under harsh environments, for instance, in dark, hindered, and hazy conditions. Moreover, we propose the mode shape recombination method (MSRM) to realize large-scale structural measurement. The partial mode shapes of the 3D frame structure are combined using the MSRM to obtain the entire mode shape with a satisfactory model assurance criterion. Experimental results confirmed the feasibility of using heat sources as sensors and indicated that the proposed methods are suitable for overcoming the numerous inherent limitations associated with SHM in harsh or remote environments as well as the limitations associated with the SHM of large-scale structures.

62 Feeding Chicory-plantain Silage and Se-yeast to Lactating Ewes Subjected to Intramammary Infection: Effect on the Immune System

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Hunter Ford ◽  
Massimo Bionaz ◽  
Serkan Ates ◽  
Joe Klopfenstein ◽  
Jorge Vanegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The objective was to test the effect on the immune status by feeding a combination of chicory-plantain and Se-yeast in lactating ewes subjected to intramammary infection (IMI) with 2×107CFU of Strep uberis in both glands. For the purpose we enrolled 28 Polypay lactating sheep from a prior study where they were randomly allocated to receive chicory (CS) or grass (GC) silage and either 3.6 mg of Se/day as Se-yeast (DiaMune, Diamond V) (Y) or isoenergetic-isonitrogenous alfalfa meal (C) for 2 months. For the present study, ewes were kept on the original dietary regiment except the CT group received a chicory-plantain silage(50% each). Blood was collected prior to and for 10 days after IMI for a complete blood count(VetScan HM5), leukocytes migration, and rectal temperature (RT). Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX (SAS)with time, silage type, and Se and their interactions as the fixed effects and ewe as random effect with significance declared at P ≤ 0.05. RT was lower in chicory vs. grass before IMI and Se limited the RT increase after IMI. Total WBC levels tended (P = 0.06) to increase in animals fed with Se after IMI, which was driven by a larger number of lymphocytes. Hematocrit, red blood cells, and hemoglobin were strongly decreased by IMI. The mean cell volume was overall larger in ewes fed with chicory-plantain silage while mean cell hemoglobin was larger in animal fed with grass silage. The platelet distribution width was affected by silage*Se interaction due to a positive effect by Se in grass-fed but negative in chicory-plantain-fed ewes. Migration of neutrophils was larger in animals fed with chicory-plantain before IMI but similar between groups after IMI. Overall, these findings indicate that Se supplementation can increase lymphocytes with no effect on neutrophils while activity of neutrophils is positively affected by feeding chicory-plantain silage.

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