scholarly journals PSVII-8 Equations for prediction of empty body weight of water buffaloes finished in feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Andre M Jorge ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Matheus Henrique P Martins Narciso ◽  
Amanna G Jacaúna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
General Prediction

Abstract This study aimed to develop equations to predict the empty body weight (EBW) using the shrunk body weight (SBW) of water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 65 for each GG), considering possible variations among GG. One-hundred-ninety-five non-castrated males (390±32 days of age; 327±51.96 kg of initial body weight - BW) from two years of similar experiments were used. Animals of each GG were allocated in collective pens for 28 days of adaptation period. Diet and water were offered ad libitum. Animal SBW were recorded at the beginning and every 28 days until the averages SBW reached the values determined (420, 480, and 540kg of SBW). After slaughter and to obtain the EBW, the non-carcass components of each animal [blood, paws, head, leather, tail, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), liver, kidneys, internal fat, and other internal organs] were weighed. The full GIT of each animal was weighed to obtain the total weight, and then emptied, washed, drained, and weighed to obtain the weight of the GIT content. Initially, data were analyzed using UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS. SBW recorded prior to slaughter were categorized according to SBW proposed considering the coefficient of variation below 10% for each GG to increase the precision of the data used, which decreased the initial n to 104 animals. Equations were developed and tested for GG effect using GLM and REG procedures in SAS. Tendency of GG effect was detected (P = 0.06). Thus, different prediction equations were determined for each GG, and a general prediction equation was developed for the three GG (Table 1). In conclusion, the results suggest it is possible to use distinct equations to predict the EBW according to GG as well as a general equation can be also used, resulting in high predictions of EBW of water buffaloes finished in feedlot.

scholarly journals PSVII-4 Effect of the residual gain and genetic group on body chemical composition of water buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 301-302
Author(s):  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
Paulo R L Meirelles ◽  
Fabiola Martinez da Silva ◽  
Aline S Aranha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of residual gain (RG) on body chemical composition of water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah) and verify the presence of chemical variables related to this efficiency measure. One-hundred-forty-eight non-castrated male (338.29 ±64.16 kg initial body weight; 370 ±28 days of initial age) from two similar experiments were used. The animals remained in feedlot and were slaughtered after 240 days (adaptation+trial periods). The RG was calculated considering 84 days after adaptation period. After the slaughter the empty body weight (EBW) of each animal was obtained and the left half-carcasses were dissected into muscle, fat, and bone, after 24h of cooling. The chemical composition [moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and ash] of each ground tissue was analyzed by the classical method. The body CP was also determined based on CP fat-free dry matter (CPFFDM). Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS. The class of RG, genetic group, and the resulting interaction were tested as fixed effect and year as a random effect. The variable results are reported as kg of EBW. There was no interaction effect (P ≥ 0.11) for the variables studied. Effect of class of RG was detected for the variables EBW (P = 0.021), water (P = 0.016), and EE (P = 0.035), while tendency was observed for CP (P = 0.074), for which animals classified as more efficient for residual gain demonstrated high values (Table 1). Furthermore, there was effect of GG for EBW (P = 0.002), water (P < 0.001), and CP (P = 0.014) variables. Tendency of GG effect was observed for ash (P = 0.085) and EE (P = 0.057). Jafarabadi showed high values for all the variables cited. In conclusion, there are difference in the body chemical composition of water buffaloes according to the animal efficiency evaluated by residual gain, as well as according to genetic groups. Supported by FAPESP (#2014/05473-7).

scholarly journals Performance and carcass traits of Nellore and Red Norte steers finished in feedlot

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1080-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otávio Rodrigues Machado Neto ◽  
Márcio Machado Ladeira ◽  
Tarcisio de Moraes Gonçalves ◽  
Leandro Sâmia Lopes ◽  
Dalton Mendes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Average Gain ◽  
Genetic Groups

The objective of this work was to evaluate average daily gain (ADG) and carcass traits in Nellore and Red Norte steers, finished in feedlots and to evaluate performance predictions by using the systems BR-CORTE, CNCPS 5.0 and NRC (2000). It was used 41 steers: 19 Nelore animals with initial body weight of 361 ± 31 kg and 22 Red Norte animals with initial body weight of 367 ± 30 kg. Adaptation period lasted 28 days. Animal performance evaluation was composed of three 28 day period, totaling 84 days. At the end of each period, animals were weighed after a 16-hour feeding fast. Average gain weight of Red Norte steers was greater than Nellore breed animals (1.43 vs. 1.81 kg/day, respectively). Red Norte animals also presented greater loin eye area (75.41 cm² vs. 68.67 cm²). It was not observed any differences on subcutaneous fat thickness and on rump fat among the genetic groups. None of the nutritional requirement system evaluated were efficient in predicting animal performance. For Nellore breed, daily average gain observed was 1.53kg/day, with values of 1.53, 1.70 and 1.82 kg/day predicted by NRC, CNCPS and BR-CORTE systems. Although average values and predicted by NRC were similar, according to the regression equation, intercept and inclination were different from zero and one. For Red Norte breed, performance observed was 1.88 kg/day with values of 1.50, 1.66 and 1.72 predicted by the systems NRC, CNCPS and BR-CORTE, probably because database of those systems is based mainly on results obtained from Angus bovines.

scholarly journals PSV-16 Infrared thermography technology as a promising tool for assessing temperament of water buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Daiane C Marques da Silva ◽  
Fabiola Martinez da Silva ◽  
Aline S Aranha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract This study evaluated the use of the infrared thermography (IT) as a tool to identify the temperament of 75 non-castrated water buffaloes (390±32 days of age; 310±61.27 kg of initial body weight) of 3 genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 25 for each GG). The animals were classified for temperament through the temperament score (TSc) obtained by the mean of the sum of the scores of the time of entry into the squeeze chute (1 to 5: 1=greater time spent for entry; 5=less time spent for entry) and the exit velocity score (1 to 5: 1=lower speed; 5=higher speed) calculated after the period of adaptation to the feedlot (d0). The animals were categorized into adequate (ADQ; TSc≤3) or excitable (EXC; TSc >3) temperaments. The rectal temperature was measured and IT images were obtained (Testo 882 Thermal Imager, Testo, Inc, Germany) from regions of the chest, eye, snout, cheek, foreleg (left side), ribs, hind legs, rear area (left side), and scrotum on d0. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, considering the GG, temperament, and the resulting interaction as fixed effects. Correlation was analyzed using the CORR procedure of SAS. There were no effects of interactions (P ≥ 0.14). ADQ animals showed lower rectal (P = 0.02) and ribs (P = 0.05) temperatures than EXC animals (Table1). Tendencies for temperament effect were detected for chest (P = 0.06) and rear area (P = 0.07). There was no effect of temperament for other variables (P = 0.19). Positive correlations were verified between the TSc and rectal (r=0.36; P < 0.01), chest (r=0.35; P < 0.01), and rear area (r=0.33; P < 0.01) temperatures. Tendency for a positive correlation was detected between TSc and scrotum (r=0.23; P = 0.07). In conclusion, the temperament causes changes in the temperature of some body regions suggesting the IT technology may be a promising tool for assessing the temperament of water buffaloes. Supported by FAPESP (#2018/25939-1; #2014/05473-7).

scholarly journals Study of the Acute Toxicity of a New Dosage Form of Naloxone Hydrochloride for Intranasal Administration

Drug Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Eduard A. Bariev ◽  
Ivan I. Krasnyuk ◽  
Maria N. Anurova ◽  
Elena O. Bakhrushina ◽  
Valery V. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
General State ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Naloxone Hydrochloride ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractThe experiment was conducted on 10 Wistar rats, male and female, with initial body weight 270–280 g (males) and 250–260 g (females). The drug was administered using a spray cap in 10 doses of 0.1 mg at 45 min intervals. The average cumulative dose of the drug per naloxone hydrochloride was 36.6 mg/kg for males and 39.4 mg/kg for females. The animals were monitored for 2 weeks after the exposure and then euthanized by a gentle decapitation.We noticed that after each drug administration the animals showed a decrease in motor activity. During the observation period there were no animal deaths or signs of abnormalities in their general state or behavior. Beginning on day 7 a significant increase in body weight of the animals was noted in comparison with the initial data. The relative mass of the internal organs of the treated rats remained within the physiological norm.We conclude that naloxone hydrochloride after an intranasal administration at 36.6 mg/kg for males and 39.4 mg/kg for females does not cause death of animals and or have a toxic effect on their general state, does not change their protein metabolism characteristics or the appearance of the internal organs and their mass.

scholarly journals PSXII-29 Utilizing coproducts as an alternative to forage in adapting feedlot cattle to finishing diets affects the ruminal microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 417-417
Author(s):  
David M Crawford ◽  
Joshua C McCann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the interaction of replacing forage with coproducts and the number of step-up diets when adapting feedlot cattle to a finishing diet on the ruminal microbiome. Simmental × Angus and Angus steers (n = 24; 234 ± 38 kg) were blocked by initial body weight (BW) and allotted to 8 pens as a subset of a larger group. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: 1) decreasing coproduct (CO; soybean hulls and modified wet distillers grains) inclusion while increasing dry-rolled corn over 36 d or 2) decreasing forage (FO; alfalfa and grass hay) inclusion while increasing dry-rolled corn over 36 d. Pens were fed either 5 (5S) or 2 (2S) step-up diets for each dietary treatment during the 36 d adaptation period in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Steers were fed a common finishing diet for the remainder of the trial (34 d). The ruminal microbiome was evaluated on d 36 and 70. Alpha diversity was greatest (P < 0.01) for FO/2S steers on d 36. A diet × day effect (P = 0.02) was observed for beta diversity as the microbial community was more similar (P < 0.01) between d 36 and 70 for steers fed CO compared with FO. Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was greater (P = 0.03) for 2S steers compared with 5S steers. Prevotellaceae tended to be greater (P = 0.07) in 2S steers compared with 5S steers. Lactobacillaceae was greater (P < 0.01) on d 36 than d 70. Limited observed day effects for individual taxa suggest the microbiome was well adapted by treatments for the finishing diet on d 36. Greater coproduct inclusion in adaptation diets may alter the ruminal bacterial community to be more similar to the community while feeding high levels of dry-rolled corn.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Equations for Predicting the Metabolizable Energy Value of Double-Low Rapeseed Cake for Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Qile Hu ◽  
Peili Li ◽  
Changhua Lai ◽  
Defa Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Initial Body Weight

The study was conducted to develop and validate an equation to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) of double-low rapeseed cakes (DLRSC) for growing pigs based on their chemical compositions. In Experiment 1, 66 growing pigs (initial body weight 36.6 ± 4.1 kg) were allotted randomly to a completely randomized design with 11 diets. The diets included a corn–soybean meal basal diet and 10 test diets containing 19.22% DLRSC supplemented at the expense of corn, soybean meal, and lysine. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude fiber (CF), and gross energy (GE) were the best predictors to determine ME. The best-fit prediction equation of ME (MJ/kg) was ME = 9.33 − 0.09 × NDF − 0.25 × CF + 0.59 × GE (R2 = 0.93). In Experiment 2, a total of 144 growing pigs (initial body weight 29.7 ± 2.7 kg), with six pigs per pen and six pens per treatment, were assigned randomly to four treatments in a completely randomized block design for a 28-day feeding trial. A corn–soybean meal basal diet was prepared, and three additional diets were formulated by adding 7%, 14%, and 21% DLRSC to the basal diet at the expense of soybean meal. All diets were formulated to provide equal standardized ileal digestibility (SID) Lys/ME ratio and SID essential amino acids/SID Lys ratio. Increasing dietary levels of DLRSC had no effect on average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed-to-gain ratio. The caloric efficiency of ME (31.83, 32.44, 31.95, and 32.69 MJ/kg, respectively) was not changed by increasing the dietary concentration of DLRSC. Increasing dietary levels of DLRSC linearly reduced (p < 0.05) the concentrations of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine in serum, as well as apparent total tract digestibility of DM, GE, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and organic matter of the diet. In conclusion, the ME prediction equation obtained in Experiment 1 accurately estimates the ME value of DLRSC fed to growing pigs.

Growth patterns in sheep: the effects of weight losses on compensatory growth and feed intake in Corriedale sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Butler-Hogg ◽  
N. M. Tulloh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group B

SUMMARYThe growth and feed intakes of Corriedale wether sheep when grown from 30 to 50 kg body weight by five different growth paths are described.Group A (control) grew continuously (fed ad libitum). After reaching ca; 40 kg body weight, group B and C animals lost 21% of their initial body weight over 9 and 18 weeks and at 122 and 63 g/day, respectively, and began realimentation at 30 kg body weight. Group D and E animals were ca. 50 kg body weight when weight loss was imposed and they lost body weight at similar rates (125 and 157 g/day) respectively. Animals in group D lost 34% of their initial body weight over 18 weeks and began realimentation at 30 kg body weight (the same as groups B and C). Group E animals lost 23% of their initial body weight over 9 weeks to begin realimentation at 35 kg body weight. Except during periods of weight loss, animals were fed ad libitum. Compensatory growth was observed in all groups which had lost weight, with early recovery growth rates 1·6–1·8 times higher than control sheep of the same weight.Rate of body-weight loss did not induce any significant differences in response to realimentation but results (groups B and C) suggest that the more rapid the loss, the more rapid will recovery be during realimentation. When sheep at different body weights lost the same proportion of their initial body weights, the heavier sheep (group E) attained final slaughter weight quicker than the lighter sheep (group B). When the proportion of body weight lost to reach a particular lower body weight was varied (groups B and D), the greater weight loss was associated with higher and more persistent growth rates during realimentation.After weight loss, ad libitum dry-matter intake was significantly lower during the first 10 kg of gain during realimentation in all treatment groups (B, C, D, E) than in control group A. There were no differences between treatment groups in recovery of dry-matter intake.Gross efficiency in all treatment groups was higher than in the control group A during the first 10 kg of recovery of body weight, but it then declined rapidly. This increase in gross efficiency was considered to be due to a combination of increased growth rates, reduced feed intakes and lower maintenance requirements. When the complete growth paths from 30 to 50 kg were considered, there were no significant differences in total feed consumed by the sheep following the five different growth paths.

scholarly journals Extrusion of soybean hulls does not increase digestibility of amino acids or concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A Rodriguez ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
María R C de Godoy ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of extrusion on energy and nutrient digestibility in soybean hulls. One source of soybean hulls was ground and divided into two batches. One batch was used without further processing, whereas the other batch was extruded. In Exp. 1, four diets were formulated to determine crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) digestibility in soybean hulls. A soybean meal-based diet in which soybean meal provided all the CP and AA was formulated. Two diets were formulated to contain 30% nonextruded or extruded soybean hulls and 18% soybean meal. An N-free diet that was used to determine the endogenous losses of CP and AA was also used. Eight growing barrows (initial body weight = 37.0 ± 3.9 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 7 d with the initial 5 d being the adaptation period and ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on day 6 and 7. Results indicated that extrusion of soybean hulls did not change the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and most AA with the exception that the SID of Ile and Leu tended (P &lt; 0.10) to be greater in extruded than nonextruded soybean hulls. In Exp. 2, three diets were formulated to determine energy digestibility in soybean hulls. One corn-soybean meal based basal diet, and two diets that contained corn, soybean meal, and 32% extruded or nonextruded soybean hulls were formulated. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial body weight = 59.9 ± 3.4 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and feces and urine were collected separately for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were reduced (P &lt; 0.05) in diets containing nonextruded or extruded soybean hulls compared with the basal diet. However, the ATTD of GE and values for DE and ME in soybean hulls were not improved by extrusion. Likewise, extrusion did not change the concentration of total dietary fiber in soybean hulls. In conclusion, there were no effects of extrusion of soybean hulls on SID of AA, energy digestibility, or ME concentration in soybean hulls.

scholarly journals Digestive tract morphometry and breast muscle microstructure in spent breeder ducks maintainedin a conservation programme of genetic resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kokoszyński ◽  
Mohamed Saleh ◽  
Zenon Bernacki ◽  
Marek Kotowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Sobczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Pekin Duck ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Conservation Programme ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Abstract. The objective of this study was to compare three genetic groups of ducks: P9 (French Pekin), K2 (bred from wild mallards – Anas platyrhynchos L. and Pekin duck), and KhO1 (hybrid of Khaki Campbell drake and Orpington Fauve duck) after two breeding seasons for body weight and length, length of intestine and its segments, percentage of other internal organs, and breast muscle microstructure. The study used 60 ducks, 20 birds (10 males and 10 females) from each genetic group. At 110 weeks of age, P9 ducks exhibited significantly (p<0.05) greater body weight and length, and length of intestine and its segments (except for colon length) compared to K2 and KhO1 ducks. KhO1 ducks had significantly shorter jejunum and ileum compared to K2 birds. The lighter K2 and KhO1 ducks had significantly greater relative length of intestine and its segments. In P9 ducks, liver, heart, and gizzard were heavier and spleen percentage in body weight significantly lower than in K2 and KhO1 birds. KhO1 ducks had a significantly higher percentage of proventriculus compared to the other duck groups. The different genetic origins of the ducks had no effect on microstructural characteristics of m. pectoralis superficialis except for perimysium and endomysium thickness. Our study provided information about differences in the digestive tract morphometry and breast muscle microstructure of ducks from three genetic groups after two reproductive seasons, which are maintained in a conservation programme of genetic resources in Poland.

Effects of Body Weight and Age on the Time of Pairing of American Black Ducks

The Auk ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Hepp
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
American Black ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract I used captive young and adult American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) during October-February 1984-1985 to test whether body weight and age affected time of pair-bond formation. Eighty ducks were marked individually, and 10 ducks (6 males and 4 females, half of each age class) were assigned to each of 8 experimental pens. Ducks in 4 pens received an ad libitum diet of commercial duck food, and ducks in the other 4 pens received a restricted ration of the same food. During early winter ducks in both groups gained weight, but ducks on the restricted diet gained less than birds on the ad libitum diet; peak winter weight of ducks on the ad libitum diet averaged 22% greater than initial body weight compared with 6.5% for ducks on the restricted diet. In late winter ducks on the restricted diet lost 28.7% of peak winter weight, and ducks on the ad libitum diet lost 19.3%. Weight loss of ducks on the ad libitum diet began before weather conditions became severe and coincided with a reduction in food consumption. This result supports the idea that weight loss of waterfowl in late winter is controlled endogenously. Individuals on the ad libitum diet paired earlier than those on the restricted diet, and pair bonds were stronger. Adults of both sexes paired earlier than young ducks, but differences for females were not significant statistically. Age and energy constraints are factors that can affect intraspecific variation in pairing chronology.

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