scholarly journals Relationship between rectal temperature measured with a conventional thermometer and the temperature of several body regions measured by infrared thermography in fattening rabbits. Influence of different environmental factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Jaén-Téllez ◽  
Ester Bartolomé ◽  
María José Sánchez-Guerrero ◽  
Mercedes Valera ◽  
Pedro González-Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Digital Thermometer ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
June July

In clinical examination of rabbits, the temperature is usually recorded with a digital thermometer introduced rectally, an invasive procedure that could cause handling stress. The aim of this study was to assess body temperature using infrared thermography (IRT) in four areas of the rabbit’s anatomy: eye (ETT), outer ear (OETT), inner ear (IETT) and nose (NTT), and then validate it as an alternative measure to rectal temperature (RT) assessed with a conventional thermometer. Temperature samples were taken twice a week from 48 weaned rabbits of Spanish Common Rabbit breed during a 38-d fattening period. The factors considered were: doe from which the rabbits came (8 does), weeks of fattening period (4 to 5 wk), batch (3 periods of the year: April-May, June-July and January-February) and group size (cages with 1 to 7 rabbits). On average, the results were an RT of 38.48±0.02 °C; ETT of 37.31±0.05 °C; OETT of 29.09±0.26°C; IETT of 30.53±0.251 °C, and NTT of 33.29±0.11 °C (mean±se). Moderate, statistically significant positive correlations (PP

scholarly journals PSV-16 Infrared thermography technology as a promising tool for assessing temperament of water buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Daiane C Marques da Silva ◽  
Fabiola Martinez da Silva ◽  
Aline S Aranha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract This study evaluated the use of the infrared thermography (IT) as a tool to identify the temperament of 75 non-castrated water buffaloes (390±32 days of age; 310±61.27 kg of initial body weight) of 3 genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 25 for each GG). The animals were classified for temperament through the temperament score (TSc) obtained by the mean of the sum of the scores of the time of entry into the squeeze chute (1 to 5: 1=greater time spent for entry; 5=less time spent for entry) and the exit velocity score (1 to 5: 1=lower speed; 5=higher speed) calculated after the period of adaptation to the feedlot (d0). The animals were categorized into adequate (ADQ; TSc≤3) or excitable (EXC; TSc >3) temperaments. The rectal temperature was measured and IT images were obtained (Testo 882 Thermal Imager, Testo, Inc, Germany) from regions of the chest, eye, snout, cheek, foreleg (left side), ribs, hind legs, rear area (left side), and scrotum on d0. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, considering the GG, temperament, and the resulting interaction as fixed effects. Correlation was analyzed using the CORR procedure of SAS. There were no effects of interactions (P ≥ 0.14). ADQ animals showed lower rectal (P = 0.02) and ribs (P = 0.05) temperatures than EXC animals (Table1). Tendencies for temperament effect were detected for chest (P = 0.06) and rear area (P = 0.07). There was no effect of temperament for other variables (P = 0.19). Positive correlations were verified between the TSc and rectal (r=0.36; P < 0.01), chest (r=0.35; P < 0.01), and rear area (r=0.33; P < 0.01) temperatures. Tendency for a positive correlation was detected between TSc and scrotum (r=0.23; P = 0.07). In conclusion, the temperament causes changes in the temperature of some body regions suggesting the IT technology may be a promising tool for assessing the temperament of water buffaloes. Supported by FAPESP (#2018/25939-1; #2014/05473-7).

scholarly journals Assessment of surface temperatures of buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) raised under tropical conditions using infrared thermography

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Barros ◽  
L.K.X. Silva ◽  
P.R. Kahwage ◽  
J.B. Lourenço Júnior ◽  
J.S. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Positive Correlations

This paper aimed to evaluate the surface temperatures of buffalo bulls using infrared thermography, considering four distinct anatomical parts over time, and to correlate surface temperatures and thermal comfort indexes. The humid tropical climate (Köppen's Afi) was predominant in the research station where the experiment was performed and the trial lasted from April to August. Ten bulls (n=10) were evaluated every 25 days (morning: 6:00-9:00; afternoon: 12:00-15:00) and the parameters assessed were respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and the thermograms of surface temperature for orbital area (ORB), right flank (RF), left flank (LF) and scrotum (SCR). Climatological data was continuously monitored and the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and the Index of Comfort of Benezra (ICB) were calculated. The average values of THI were ≥78, and significant differences between shifts were observed (P<0.05). The ICB ranged from 1.96 to 2.25 and significant differences were observed for shifts and throughout the months (P<0.05). The averages of surface temperatures were RT=38.2±0.5°C, ORB=36.1±0.8°C, LF=33.5±2.5°C, RF=35.4±1.7ºC and SCR=33.3±1.1°C, which exhibited significant differences for shifts and throughout the months (P<0.05). Positive correlations were obtained between THI and ORB (0.72), RF (0.77), LF (0.75) and SCR (0.41) (P<0.0001). The maximum temperature of ORB showed the highest correlation with RT (0.58, P<0.0001). Therefore, the surface temperatures are subject to climatic variations and increase throughout the day, due to the variation in thermal comfort indexes, and the maximum ORB temperature was the parameter most related to rectal temperature. Lastly, the results indicate that IRT may be a useful non-invasive and accurate tool to detect the variations in ORB, LF, RF and SCR temperature in buffalo bulls.

scholarly journals Influence of seasonality, timing of insemination and rectal temperature on conception rate of crossbred dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransérgio Rocha de Souza ◽  
Carla Cristian Campos ◽  
Natascha Almeida Marques da Silva ◽  
Ricarda Maria dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Digital Thermometer ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Chi Squared

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rectal temperature (RT) on conception rate (CR), as well as the effects of seasonality (spring-summer vs. autumn-winter) and timing of artificial insemination (AI) (morning vs. afternoon) on RT and CR in crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gyr). The experiment was conducted on a dairy farm in Centralina, MG, where 1,219 conventional and fixed-time inseminations were analyzed. The RT was measured immediately before AI using a digital thermometer. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed using ultrasonography between 28 and 60 days after AI. T The effects of seasonality and timing of AI on RT were analyzed with a Mann-Whitney U test and the effects of RT (above or below the average), seasonality and timing of AI on CR were analyzed with a Chi-squared test, both using the SAS program. The RT average was 39.4°C. Cows with RT ? 39.4°C had lower CR than cows with RT < 39.4°C (25.78% vs. 32.54%; P = 0.0096). During spring-summer, cows had higher RT (39.44°C ± 0.025 vs. 39.27°C ± 0.022; P < 0.0001) and lower CR (25.49% vs. 31.75%; P = 0.0146) compared with autumn-winter. Cows inseminated in the morning had lower RT (38.96°C ± 0.022 vs. 39.60°C ± 0.018; P < 0.0001) and higher CR (32.86% vs. 26.06%; P = 0.0102) than cows inseminated in the afternoon. In conclusion, crossbred dairy cows with rectal temperature equal to or greater than 39.4°C had lower conception rate. Moreover, rectal temperature and conception rate were affected by seasonality and insemination time.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Assessment of Mild Stress-Induced Hyperthermia by Infrared Thermography in Laboratory Mice

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Urša Blenkuš ◽  
Ana Filipa Gerós ◽  
Cristiana Carpinteiro ◽  
Paulo de Castro Aguiar ◽  
I. Anna S. Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Induced Hyperthermia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Typical Temperature

Stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) is a physiological response to acute stressors in mammals, shown as an increase in core body temperature, with redirection of blood flow from the periphery to vital organs. Typical temperature assessment methods for rodents are invasive and can themselves elicit SIH, affecting the readout. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a promising non-invasive alternative, if shown to accurately identify and quantify SIH. We used in-house developed software ThermoLabAnimal 2.0 to automatically detect and segment different body regions, to assess mean body (Tbody) and mean tail (Ttail) surface temperatures by IRT, along with temperature (Tsc) assessed by reading of subcutaneously implanted PIT-tags, during handling-induced stress of pair-housed C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ mice of both sexes (N = 68). SIH was assessed during 10 days of daily handling (DH) performed twice per day, weekly voluntary interaction tests (VIT) and an elevated plus maze (EPM) at the end. To assess the discrimination value of IRT, we compared SIH between tail-picked and tunnel-handled animals, and between mice receiving an anxiolytic drug or vehicle prior to the EPM. During a 30 to 60 second stress exposure, Tsc and Tbody increased significantly (p < 0.001), while Ttail (p < 0.01) decreased. We did not find handling-related differences. Within each cage, mice tested last consistently showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) Tsc and Tbody and lower (p < 0.001) Ttail than mice tested first, possibly due to higher anticipatory stress in the latter. Diazepam-treated mice showed lower Tbody and Tsc, consistent with reduced anxiety. In conclusion, our results suggest that IRT can identify and quantify stress in mice, either as a stand-alone parameter or complementary to other methods.

scholarly journals Infrared thermography to assess thermoregulatory reactions of buffaloes supplemented with antioxidant and dense energy source in summer season

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
YALLAPPA M. SOMAGOND ◽  
S. V. SINGH ◽  
ADITYA DESHPANDE ◽  
PARVENDER SHEORAN ◽  
V. P. CHAHAL
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Region Temperature ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Lower Magnitude

Twenty-four lactating buffaloes were chosen and subsequently divided into 4 groups i.e. group-I (control), group-II (supplemented astaxanthin at 0.25 mg kg-1 BW/day), group-III (prill fat at 100 g day-1), and group-IV (combination). Surface body temperature at different anatomical regions of buffaloes was recorded using infrared thermography (IRT), rectal temperature using a digital thermometer, and cortisol hormone by ELISA kit at the fortnightly interval. Forehead region temperature showed a higher correlation (0.390) with THI compared to other anatomical regions. The change in surface body temperature was positively correlated with THI and cortisol levels. The increase in the IRT temperature at different anatomical sites of buffaloes was at a lower magnitude in treatment groups compared to the control group. Udder surface temperature was higher in peak lactation and high producing buffaloes. Forehead region temperature showed a close relationship with rectal temperature and cortisol levels of buffaloes. According to the research findings, astaxanthin and prill fat can be used in ameliorating heat stress. Infrared thermography (non-invasive method) of the forehead and udder can be used as indicators for measuring the heat stress and production levels of buffaloes, respectively.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on the Use of Infrared Thermography to Classify Fattening Pigs into Feeding Groups According Their Body Composition

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5221
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lengling ◽  
Antonius Alfert ◽  
Bernd Reckels ◽  
Julia Steinhoff-Wagner ◽  
Wolfgang Büscher
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Measurement Spot

Fattening pig husbandry and associated negative environmental impacts due to nitrogen inputs by ammonia emissions are current issues of social discussion. New resource-efficient feeding systems offer great potential to reduce excess nutrient inputs into the environment. Using ultrasound measurements, fattening pigs can be divided into performance groups based on their backfat/muscle ratio to feed them according to their nutritional needs. Ultrasound measurements are not suitable for practical use, so alternatives have to be found. As a non-invasive, contactless method, infrared thermography offers many advantages. This study investigated whether infrared thermography can be used to differentiate between “fat” and “lean” animals. Two evaluation methods with different measurement spot sizes were compared. During a fattening period, 980 pigs were examined three times with an infrared camera. Both methods showed significant differences. Body surface temperature was influenced by factors like measurement spot size and soiling of the animals. Body surface temperature decreased (−5.5 °C), while backfat thickness increased (+0.7 cm) in the course of the fattening period. Significant correlations (R > |0.5|; p < 0.001) between both parameters were found. Differentiation between “fat” and “lean” animals, based on temperature data, was not possible. Nevertheless, the application of thermography should be investigated further with the aim of resource-efficient feeding. The results of this feasibility study can serve as a basis for this.

XI.—An Investigation into the Effects of Seasonal Changes on Body Temperature

1913 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 110-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutherland Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
June July

SummaryMonthly observations, extending over one year, were made on the rectal temperature of 114 domestic fowls (Gallus gallus, ♀) and records from forty-one of these were obtained for two years. Six different breeds were used, each located in a separate pen, all under similar conditions, and the mean temperatures for each group were plotted out to form an annual temperature curve. It was found that—1. The lowest temperatures occur in December, January, and February, and the highest in June, July, and August, corresponding in a general way with the temperature of the external air.2. Barometric pressure does not appear to have any influence on the body temperature of the hen.3. The curve of egg-production does not coincide with the annual temperature curve, the former reaching its highest level in April and May, the latter in June, July, and August.If we compare the mean rectal temperature at two periods of the year when the external or weather conditions are approximately the same (April-May and September-October), but when the vitality of the birds, as indicated by the curve of egg-production, moulting, etc., is at a maximum and minimum respectively, we find that the figures are practically identical. This would seem to show that cyclical bodily changes have little effect on body temperature as compared with outside influences.

scholarly journals Screening of febrile cows using infrared thermography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Bleul ◽  
Michael Hässig ◽  
Fabienne Kluser
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Medial Canthus ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Thermographic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Camera

Abstract Background As dairy herds increase in size, close monitoring of health becomes a necessity, but this is expensive and labour-intensive. Early detection of febrile diseases is essential for economical and welfare reasons and to prevent the spread of disease. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate a mobile, non-invasive technique for measuring the body temperature of cows that precludes the need for restraint of the animals. An infrared thermographic imaging camera installed on a smart phone was used to measure the surface temperature of cows. In experiment 1, a metal block heated to defined temperatures was used to obtain infrared thermographic measurements. The accuracy of measurements made at different distances from the block and at two different ambient temperatures was determined. In experiment 2, non-febrile cows in a tie-stall barn underwent infrared thermographic imaging, and the body regions with the highest correlations between thermographic and rectal temperature were identified. In experiment 3, thermographic measurements were made in febrile and neighbouring non-febrile cows.Results In experiment 1, the thermographic and true temperatures of the block had the strongest relationships at 0.5 and 1.0 m (r = 0.98). In addition to distance, the ambient temperature had a significant effect on the measurements. In experiment 2, the thermographic measurements at the muzzle (r = 0.28), the eye (r = 0.37) and the medial canthus (r = 0.27) had the strongest relationships with the rectal temperature in non-febrile cows. After correcting the thermographic measurements with the mean difference between thermographic and rectal temperatures of the non-febrile cows, sensitivities of 88, 90 and 82%, respectively, were calculated for thermographic measurements at the muzzle, eye and medial canthus in febrile cows in experiment 3. The corresponding specificities were 6, 23 and 32%.Conclusions Based on the low specificities of the infrared thermographic measurements, the thermographic imaging camera has limited usefulness for the mass screening of dairy cows for febrile conditions. Cattle falsely identified as febrile need to be separated, caught and re-examined, which causes unnecessary stress to the animal and increases labour input.

scholarly journals Brown Fat Activity Determined by Infrared Thermography and Thermogenesis Measurement Using Whole Body Calorimetry (BRIGHT Study)

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
S. TAY ◽  
H. GOH ◽  
P. GOVINDHARAJULU ◽  
J. CHENG ◽  
S. CAMPS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Neutral Conditions

To assess BAT activity in humans at a population level, infrared thermography (IRT) represents a safe, readily repeatable and affordable alternative to 18F-FDG-PET. Building upon a previously proposed method by our laboratory, we further refined the image computational algorithm to quantify BAT activation in the cervical-supraclavicular (C-SCV) region of healthy young men under thermo-neutral and cold exposure conditions. Additionally, we validated the whole-body calorimeter (WBC) in reliably measuring cold-induced thermogenesis. The temperature gradient between C-SCV-deltoid regions, and the corresponding difference in heat power output, increased upon cold air exposure relative to thermo-neutral conditions (by 74.88 %, p<0.0001; and by 71.34 %, p<0.0001 respectively). Resting and cumulative energy expenditure (EE) rose significantly (by 13.14 % and 9.12 % respectively, p=0.0001) while positive correlations between IRT measures and EE were found with cold air exposure (percentage change in heat power gradient between ROI and deltoid, cold air: r2=0.29, p=0.026, Pearson's correlation). IRT and WBC can be used to study BAT activation. The refined algorithm allows for more automation and objectivity in IRT data analysis, especially under cold air exposures.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Skinfold and Ultrasound Measures of Subcutaneous Fat in Untrained Healthy Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10561
Author(s):  
Helen Ryan-Stewart ◽  
Abigail O’Leary ◽  
Eloise Paine ◽  
James Faulkner ◽  
Simon Jobson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Skill Requirement ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Ultrasound measurement of adipose tissue offers an alternative measure of body composition with less technical skill requirement than skinfolds. However, the relationship between skinfold and ultrasound measurements of adipose tissue is uncertain. The aim of this study was to compare these measures in a healthy untrained male population. One hundred male participants (aged 18–40 years) of varying body compositions had skinfold measures taken at the biceps, triceps and front thigh sites. Ultrasound measures were also taken at the same sites using B-wave ultrasound with a linear probe in the transverse plane. Strong, significant (p < 0.01), positive correlations were observed between skinfold and ultrasound measures at the biceps (r = 0.828), triceps (r = 0.813), and front thigh (r = 0.888) sites. However, there was significant (p < 0.01) variance between the techniques at all measurement sites. Whilst skinfold and ultrasound measures of adipose tissue have good linear agreement, skinfolds are consistently higher at all sites indicating a difference in the nature of the tissue measured via each technique. The exact nature of the relationship should be established on a population-specific basis.

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