scholarly journals Digestive tract morphometry and breast muscle microstructure in spent breeder ducks maintainedin a conservation programme of genetic resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kokoszyński ◽  
Mohamed Saleh ◽  
Zenon Bernacki ◽  
Marek Kotowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Sobczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Pekin Duck ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Conservation Programme ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Abstract. The objective of this study was to compare three genetic groups of ducks: P9 (French Pekin), K2 (bred from wild mallards – Anas platyrhynchos L. and Pekin duck), and KhO1 (hybrid of Khaki Campbell drake and Orpington Fauve duck) after two breeding seasons for body weight and length, length of intestine and its segments, percentage of other internal organs, and breast muscle microstructure. The study used 60 ducks, 20 birds (10 males and 10 females) from each genetic group. At 110 weeks of age, P9 ducks exhibited significantly (p<0.05) greater body weight and length, and length of intestine and its segments (except for colon length) compared to K2 and KhO1 ducks. KhO1 ducks had significantly shorter jejunum and ileum compared to K2 birds. The lighter K2 and KhO1 ducks had significantly greater relative length of intestine and its segments. In P9 ducks, liver, heart, and gizzard were heavier and spleen percentage in body weight significantly lower than in K2 and KhO1 birds. KhO1 ducks had a significantly higher percentage of proventriculus compared to the other duck groups. The different genetic origins of the ducks had no effect on microstructural characteristics of m. pectoralis superficialis except for perimysium and endomysium thickness. Our study provided information about differences in the digestive tract morphometry and breast muscle microstructure of ducks from three genetic groups after two reproductive seasons, which are maintained in a conservation programme of genetic resources in Poland.

scholarly journals PSVII-8 Equations for prediction of empty body weight of water buffaloes finished in feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Andre M Jorge ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Matheus Henrique P Martins Narciso ◽  
Amanna G Jacaúna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
General Prediction

Abstract This study aimed to develop equations to predict the empty body weight (EBW) using the shrunk body weight (SBW) of water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 65 for each GG), considering possible variations among GG. One-hundred-ninety-five non-castrated males (390±32 days of age; 327±51.96 kg of initial body weight - BW) from two years of similar experiments were used. Animals of each GG were allocated in collective pens for 28 days of adaptation period. Diet and water were offered ad libitum. Animal SBW were recorded at the beginning and every 28 days until the averages SBW reached the values determined (420, 480, and 540kg of SBW). After slaughter and to obtain the EBW, the non-carcass components of each animal [blood, paws, head, leather, tail, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), liver, kidneys, internal fat, and other internal organs] were weighed. The full GIT of each animal was weighed to obtain the total weight, and then emptied, washed, drained, and weighed to obtain the weight of the GIT content. Initially, data were analyzed using UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS. SBW recorded prior to slaughter were categorized according to SBW proposed considering the coefficient of variation below 10% for each GG to increase the precision of the data used, which decreased the initial n to 104 animals. Equations were developed and tested for GG effect using GLM and REG procedures in SAS. Tendency of GG effect was detected (P = 0.06). Thus, different prediction equations were determined for each GG, and a general prediction equation was developed for the three GG (Table 1). In conclusion, the results suggest it is possible to use distinct equations to predict the EBW according to GG as well as a general equation can be also used, resulting in high predictions of EBW of water buffaloes finished in feedlot.

scholarly journals Growth and development of young game pheasants (<i>Phasianus colchicus</i>)

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kokoszyński ◽  
Z. Bernacki ◽  
A. Cisowska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract. Fifty game pheasants were kept to 8 weeks in confinement housing and later maintained outdoors in a partially roofed aviary. Pheasants received commercial feed mixtures ad libitum. Body weight and dimensions were determined every 4 weeks. Ten pheasants were selected for slaughter at the end of 18 and 20 weeks each. After slaughter, their heads, shanks, feathers, blood, inedible viscera and major internal organs were weighed and digestive tract separated and measured. The carcasses were dissected. Higher body weights and daily gains were found in males than in females on all test days during rearing to 20 weeks of age. Compared to females, males had significantly longer keel from 4 weeks, longer lower thighs and shanks from 8 weeks, and longer trunk with and without neck and greater chest circumference from 12 weeks of age. Older pheasants had a significantly lower proportion of feathers and blood, and higher content of inedible viscera, with significantly relatively shorter (cm 100 g b.w.−1) small intestine, caecum and rectum in males than in females. With advancing age, there was a decrease in the proportion of gizzard (significant) and liver, and in males a significant increase in the proportion of testicles.

Cadmium in the dredge oyster Ostrea lutaria—Dependence on age, body weight and distribution in internal organs

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 463-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell D. Frew ◽  
Keith A. Hunter ◽  
Richard Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Internal Organs

Single nucleotide polymorphism scanning and expression analysis of ACSL1 from different duck breeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Song ◽  
Zhixiu Wang ◽  
Hongliang Zhang ◽  
Xiangxiang Li ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Pekin Duck ◽  
Lipid Deposition

Accumulating studies have indicated that the long-chain fatty acyl-CoA1 (ACSL1) gene is related to fat deposition and meat quality in mammals. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between ACSL1 and lipid deposition in ducks. To examine this, we assessed the physicochemical property, homologous alignment and phylogenetic analyses of the ACSL1 amino acid sequence using bioinformatics tools. The analysis indicated that the ACSL1 amino acid sequence varies in animals, and the duck ACSL1 protein is most closely related to that of chicken. Two SNP sites were identified at 1749 and 1905 bp of the coding region of ACSL1 by sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein levels in abdominal fat, breast muscle and liver tissue of Pekin duck (BD) and Cherry Valley duck (CD). mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in BD than in CD in abdominal fat and liver tissue (P < 0.05). In breast muscle, the mRNA level of ACSL1 was also significantly higher in BD than in CD (P < 0.05), and protein expression in BD tended to be higher than that of CD. These results suggest that ACSL1 may contribute to lipid deposition and meat quality in ducks.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Energy Partitioning in Two Genetic Groups of Pigs Fed Low-Protein Diets at 130 kg Body Weight

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 4012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Galassi ◽  
Luca Malagutti ◽  
Stefania Colombini ◽  
Luca Rapetti ◽  
Luigi Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Feeding microparticle protein diet combined with Lactobacillus sp. on existence of intestinal bacteria and growth of broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cholis ◽  
N. Suthama ◽  
B. Sukamto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Daily Body Weight

The objective of the study was to evaluate feeding effect of microparticle protein derived from soybean meal and fish meal combined with Lactobacillus sp. at 1.2 mL on physiological condition of digestive tract and productivity of broiler. Total of 192 broiler, with initial body weight was 481.0 ± 67.2 g, given dietary treatment starting on day 21 until day 42. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Dietary treatment were 21% intact protein (T0), 18% intact protein (T1), 21% microparticle protein (T2), 18% microparticle protein (T3), T0+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T4), T1+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T5), T2+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T6), T3+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T7). Parameters measured were total ileal lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Coliform and pH, rate of passage, daily body weight gain (DWG) and also carcass weight. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and followed by Duncan multiple range test (P<0.05). Experimental results showed that microparticle protein diet added with Lactobacillus sp. (P<0.05) increased total LAB and DWG, but decreased Coliform population, and slowed down the rate of passage. However, carcass weight was not significantly affected by treatments. Feeding microparticle protein (18%) with addition of Lactobacillus sp. (1.2 mL) can improve to be better condition of digestive tract based on higher LAB and lower Coliform populations, and increase daily body weight gain with the same carcass weight. 

THE ACCUMULATIVE EFFECT OF FINNSHEEP BREEDING IN CROSSBREEDING SCHEMES: REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY ◽  
JACQUES J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Size At Birth

Reproductive performance and body weight were studied on 361 ewes, representing Finnsheep (F), DLS (a population of 1/2 Dorset, 1/4 Leicester, 1/4 Suffolk) and seven combinations ranging from 1/8 to 7/8 Finnsheep breeding. Conception rate in yearlings was 61.5% for DLS compared to 89.0% for F with the crosses being intermediate. Conception rate in older ewes was similar in the different genetic groups (avg. 94%). Ovulation rate and litter size at birth of DLS ewes were 1.72 and 1.44 lambs, which was less than half those of F ewes (3.51 and 2.86 lambs, respectively). Both traits increased progressively with an increase in F breeding in crosses and with advances in age. DLS ewes weaned 1.22 lambs compared to 2.03 lambs for F ewes and 1.84 lambs for 4/8 F ewes. The heaviest litters at weaning (31.7 kg) were raised by 4/8 F ewes, followed by 7/8 F (30.8 kg) while those raised by DLS ewes weighed 23.0 kg and F ewes 29.1 kg. Percentage of ova lost per ewe mated averaged 24% and ranged between 18% (DLS and 1/8 F) and 29% (6/8 F). About 3.6% of lambs were born dead and a further 13.8% died before weaning. Preweaning mortality rate was highest in F (22.9%) and lowest in 3/8 F (9.4%). Average kilograms of lambs weaned per ewe exposed was highest in 4/8 F (27.6 kg) followed by F (26.0 kg), whereas that of DLS was the lowest at 18.1 kg. The 4/8 F cross showed 25% heterosis in kg of lambs weaned per ewe exposed and 52.5% increase over DLS. Significant positive linear regressions were calculated for ovulation rate, litter size and preweaning mortality rate on proportion of Finnsheep breeding in crosses. The relation was quadratic for percent ova lost and lamb mortality at weaning. Yearling DLS females weighted 36 kg compared to 44 kg for F yearlings. However, at 5 yr of age DLS ewes weighed 62 kg, 5 kg heavier than F ewes. The heaviest ewes at all ages were the 4/8 F (45 kg at 1 yr, 65 kg at 5 yr). Key words: Reproduction, DLS sheep, Finnsheep, crossbreeding, heterosis, repeatabilities

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SEASON AND SEX ON SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF PEKIN DUCK REARD INTESIVELY UNDER IRAQI CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
AL-Ghabban & AL-Hassani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Pekin Duck ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Intensive System

This study was conducted at Poultry farm/Department of Animal Production/College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad, were divided into two experiments one during summer and second during winter seasons to study the effect of season and sex on productive performance of Pekin duck reared in an intensive system under harsh Iraqi conditions. A hundred fifty, one day old ducklings were used in each experiment. On 14 day of age, birds were sexed then randomly divided into nine replicates (pens) (5 replicates for females and 4 for males). Results indicated that season has significant effects on studied traits. Body weight, weight gain and food consumption were significantly ( p < 0.01 )higher in birds reared in winter than those reared in summer, whereas no significant differences existed in feed conversion ratio and mortality. Males revealed highly significant ( p< 0.01 ) in body weight and weight gain compared with females in both seasons. Study revealed that pekin duck performance were slightly effected and  resisted to acute high temperature during summer. Pursuant to, it can be reared pekin duck in intensive system throughout year in Iraq.

scholarly journals KARATERISTIK ORGAN BAGIAN DALAM AYAM BURAS YANG DIBERI PAKAN MINYAK KELAPA (Cocos nucifera) DALAM RANSUM

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Jein Rinny Leke ◽  
F.N. Sompie ◽  
E. Wantasen ◽  
T. Widyastuti ◽  
E.H.B. Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Pancreas Weight

INTERNAL ORGANS CHAR ACTERISTICS OF NATIVE CHICKEN FED BY COCONUT OIL (Cocos nucifera) ON DIET. The research was carried to determine the internal organs characteristics of buras chickens fed coconut (Cocos mucifera) oil in diet. A total 100 unsexed buras chickens was used in this experiment. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications (4 hens each). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, when the treatments indicated significant effect it was continued Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Five dietary treatments containing 0, 0.5%, 1 %, 1,5%, and 2% levels of coconut oil (CO) with five replicates were applied to chickens.  Parameters measured were body weight, heart, liver, pancreas  and gizzard weight. Result showed that CO in the ration significantly increased the body weight (P<0.01) but did not affect to heart weight, liver weight, pancreas weight and gizzard weight.(P>0.05) It can be concluded that coconut oil in the diet can’t increase the internal organ characteristics. We can gave the 2% CO in the diet for the best results. Key words: Internal Organs, Coconut Oil, Buras Chickens

scholarly journals Effects of level of dietary copper sulphate and period of feeding on the laying, domestic fowl, with special reference to tissue mineral content

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary H. Stevenson ◽  
N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin

1. A cereal-based diet containing 7.6 mg copper/kg was fed ad lib. to laying hens for up to 48 d. Four other groups were given the control diet to which was added hydrated copper sulphate to provide 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg added Cu/kg.2. Hens were killed on day o and after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 d. Records were kept of body-weight, food consumption, egg production and egg weight.3. After slaughter blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum Cu and aspartate aminotransfferase- (AAT; EC 2.6. I. I) were measured. The liver, kidneys, a sample of breast muscle, oviduct, ovary and gizzard were weighed. Gizzard, spleen. liver and kidney tissue were examined histologically.4. The Cu, zinc and iron concentrations of liver, kidneys and breast muscle and the manganese concentrations of liver and kidneys were determined.5. Body-weight loss occurred at 500–2000mg added Cu/kg diet. Egg production was depressed by level of added Cu and period of time on the Cu-containing diets.6. Mean liver, kidney, oviduct and ovarian weights per unit body-weight were depressed by Cu in the diet and the effect increased with period of time on the diets. Mean gizzard weight per unit body-weight was increased by dietary added Cu and by time.7. Cu concentrations in the liver were increased by dietary level of added Cu and period of timeon the diet. Zn concentration in liver increased at 1000 and 2000 mg added Cu/kg diet and liver Fe concentration was increased at these levels. Histological examination of the gizzard indicated that the Cu content of the gizzard lining increased with dietary added Cu.

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