scholarly journals PSVII-4 Effect of the residual gain and genetic group on body chemical composition of water buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 301-302
Author(s):  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
Paulo R L Meirelles ◽  
Fabiola Martinez da Silva ◽  
Aline S Aranha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of residual gain (RG) on body chemical composition of water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah) and verify the presence of chemical variables related to this efficiency measure. One-hundred-forty-eight non-castrated male (338.29 ±64.16 kg initial body weight; 370 ±28 days of initial age) from two similar experiments were used. The animals remained in feedlot and were slaughtered after 240 days (adaptation+trial periods). The RG was calculated considering 84 days after adaptation period. After the slaughter the empty body weight (EBW) of each animal was obtained and the left half-carcasses were dissected into muscle, fat, and bone, after 24h of cooling. The chemical composition [moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and ash] of each ground tissue was analyzed by the classical method. The body CP was also determined based on CP fat-free dry matter (CPFFDM). Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS. The class of RG, genetic group, and the resulting interaction were tested as fixed effect and year as a random effect. The variable results are reported as kg of EBW. There was no interaction effect (P ≥ 0.11) for the variables studied. Effect of class of RG was detected for the variables EBW (P = 0.021), water (P = 0.016), and EE (P = 0.035), while tendency was observed for CP (P = 0.074), for which animals classified as more efficient for residual gain demonstrated high values (Table 1). Furthermore, there was effect of GG for EBW (P = 0.002), water (P < 0.001), and CP (P = 0.014) variables. Tendency of GG effect was observed for ash (P = 0.085) and EE (P = 0.057). Jafarabadi showed high values for all the variables cited. In conclusion, there are difference in the body chemical composition of water buffaloes according to the animal efficiency evaluated by residual gain, as well as according to genetic groups. Supported by FAPESP (#2014/05473-7).

scholarly journals PSVII-24 Weight at maturity of water buffaloes determined by body chemical composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
Aline S Aranha ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
Daiane C Marques da Silva ◽  
Amanna G Jacaúna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Random Coefficient Models ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects

Abstract This study determined the weight at maturity (WM) of water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah) slaughtered at different weights (420, 480, and 540 kg). One-hundred-fifty-three non-castrated male (means of initial body weight and age of 314 ±117 kg and 390 ±32 days, respectively) from two similar experiments were used. The animals were slaughtered and the non-carcass components of each animal were weighed to obtain the empty body weight (EBW). The left half-carcasses were dissected into muscle, fat, and bone. Each tissue of each animal was ground separately and subsequently aliquoted for further analyses. The determination of moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and ash was performed by the classical method. Nonlinear regressions were used to predict the body composition of water, CP and ash. An exponential model was used to adjust the data for the content of the EE. Random coefficient models were used to identify fixed and random effects using the NLMIXED procedure in SAS. The genetic group was tested as fixed effect and year as a random effect. Body CP was determined based on CP fat-free dry matter (CPFFDM). The equations predicted the body composition of CP, EE, water and ash, and the results were expressed as a percentage of the EBW. WM was estimated when the non-significant increase in CPFFDM was no longer observed. There was effect of GG for WM model (P = 0.037), thus the WM was determined for each GG. The models suggest that Jafarabadi reach maturity at ~505.93kg of EBW [WMCPFFDM=79.279×(1–1.17×e-0.010×EBW)]; Mediterranean reach maturity at ~494.40kg of EBW [WMCPFFDM=79.186×(1–1.18×e-0.011×EBW)]; Murrah reach maturity at ~423.79kg of EBW [WMCPFFDM=78.793×(1–11.99×e-0.018×EBW)]. In conclusion, the WM of water buffaloes is dependent on the GG reaching 505.93, 494.90, 423.79 kg of EBW for the Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah genetic groups, respectively.

scholarly journals PSVII-8 Equations for prediction of empty body weight of water buffaloes finished in feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Andre M Jorge ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Matheus Henrique P Martins Narciso ◽  
Amanna G Jacaúna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
General Prediction

Abstract This study aimed to develop equations to predict the empty body weight (EBW) using the shrunk body weight (SBW) of water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 65 for each GG), considering possible variations among GG. One-hundred-ninety-five non-castrated males (390±32 days of age; 327±51.96 kg of initial body weight - BW) from two years of similar experiments were used. Animals of each GG were allocated in collective pens for 28 days of adaptation period. Diet and water were offered ad libitum. Animal SBW were recorded at the beginning and every 28 days until the averages SBW reached the values determined (420, 480, and 540kg of SBW). After slaughter and to obtain the EBW, the non-carcass components of each animal [blood, paws, head, leather, tail, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), liver, kidneys, internal fat, and other internal organs] were weighed. The full GIT of each animal was weighed to obtain the total weight, and then emptied, washed, drained, and weighed to obtain the weight of the GIT content. Initially, data were analyzed using UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS. SBW recorded prior to slaughter were categorized according to SBW proposed considering the coefficient of variation below 10% for each GG to increase the precision of the data used, which decreased the initial n to 104 animals. Equations were developed and tested for GG effect using GLM and REG procedures in SAS. Tendency of GG effect was detected (P = 0.06). Thus, different prediction equations were determined for each GG, and a general prediction equation was developed for the three GG (Table 1). In conclusion, the results suggest it is possible to use distinct equations to predict the EBW according to GG as well as a general equation can be also used, resulting in high predictions of EBW of water buffaloes finished in feedlot.

scholarly journals Geo-Assessment of Chemical Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Nutrition of Broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Annongu ◽  
O. R. Karim ◽  
A. A. Toye ◽  
F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽  
R. M. O. Kayode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Inclusion Level

Chemical composition of Moringa oleifera seeds obtained from the middle belt of Nigeria, Benue State, was determined and the seed was blended to form a seed meal. The Moringa oleifera Seed Meal, MOSM was included in diets at graded levels of 2.50, 5.00 and 7.50% and the dietary performance of the broiler chicks on the test diets was compared with that of a corn-soy reference diet. Results on the chemical/nutritional composition of MOSM showed that the full-fat seeds contained (%) on proximate basis, reasonable concentration of 90.38 dry matter, 25.37 crude protein, 14.16 crude fat, 4.03 mineral matter, 30.64 crude fiber, 25.80 soluble carbohydrate and 5.79 kcal/g gross energy. Analyses also gave appreciable quantities of the water and fat soluble vitamins, macro - and micro-minerals. Feeding chicks with the seed meal at graded levels in diets resulted in decrease in feed intake and body weight gain as the inclusion level increased in diets relative to the conventional diet (p < 0.05). Reduction in feed consumption could be attributed to the full-fat nature of the seed meal used which might have imparted extra-caloric effect in the test diets and slowed digestion and absorption as the analyzed nutrients content of diets. A higher ether extract value on Moringa based diets relative to the control diet was obtained. Phytochemical composition of Moringa namely phenols including tannins, saponins, phytate, cyanogenic glucoside, glucosinolates and other numerous chemical constituents affected the body weight of the chicks negatively with increasing dietary MOSM. Decrease in weight gain following increase in dietary seed meal could also be due to decrease in feed intake as a result of the bitter taste of alkaloids, saponins, acting in concert with the other Moringa phytotoxins in test diets. Survival rate (100%) was not affected indicating that the level of highest inclusion in this study (7.50%) was not fatal to the experimental animal models. Further research is progressing to ascertain the highest inclusion level possible to elicit fatality and attempts to detoxify or treat the seed meal before feeding to animals.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANISM OF SEAMS IN A LONG-AWAY SEA TRACK

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Andriyanov ◽  
V. I. Polyakov ◽  
N. A. Tshukina ◽  
T. I. Subbotina ◽  
I. A. Konovalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Daily Diet

The dynamics of indicators of the component composition of the seamen’s organism of the surface ship of the Navy in the conditions of a long march in interaction with the crew’s feeding habits is considered in the article. The actual nutrition of the surveyed persons was estimated using the calculation method based on the analysis of the chemical composition and energy value of the products of the daily diet, taking into account the culinary losses described in the handbook on the chemical composition and caloric content of Russian foodstuffs edited by V. A. Tutelyan. Standard data on incomplete digestibility by a person of various classes of nutrients are taken into account. In the organization of the actual power supply of the crew there were shortcomings associated with a decrease in the energy value of the ration, an imbalance of mineral and vitamin compounds, due to the actual assortment of products obtained for marching at the rate of sea rations. Estimated content of vitamins (-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid) and mineral substances (potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron) in the daily diet throughout the long maritime expedition was significantly lower than those regulated by medical and technical requirements the norm of sea rations. Changes that have a nonrandom character occurred according to the indices of abdominal fat: waist circumference and waist-hip index. By the end of the campaign, 71% of the surveyed had a tendency to increase their body weight. At the same time, the body weight increased due to both subcutaneous and abdominal fat, which was reflected in the increase in visceral fat, body fat and body mass index. The data obtained in the course of the work confirm that the existing ration does not need to increase its energy content, but requires improvement in quality composition. Based on the data obtained, it is proposed to increase the protein content in the diet with the reduction of fats and simple carbohydrates using rational substitutions; increase the proportion of fresh fruits and vegetables to improve digestion.

scholarly journals Energy and protein requirements of crossbred cattle in feedlot

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luciana Menezes Wanderley Neves ◽  
Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Véras ◽  
Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Marcelo De Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Sebastião De Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
Slaughter Method

The objective of this study is to predict the energy and protein requirements of crossbred dairy cattle in feedlot. The study was conducted at the Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil with 30 bulls with a body weight of 339.1 ± 35.4 kg. Five animals were slaughtered at the end of the adaptation period to serve as the reference group; the remainder of the animals was slaughtered after 112 days. The latter group was randomly allocated to receive five treatments: 0, 17, 34, 51 and 68% of concentrate in the feed using a completely randomized design. The dietary intake of the animals that were not given concentrate was restricted to 1.5% of their body weight; these animals composed the group fed for maintenance. The body composition and empty body weight (EBW) were estimated by means of the comparative slaughter method and full dissection of a half-carcass. The results showed that for crossbred dairy bulls in confinement, the net and metabolizable energy requirements were 86.49 and 138 kcal EBW-0.75 day-1, respectively, and the efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance and gain were 62.67% and 31.67%, respectively. The net energy (NEg) and net protein (NPg) requirements for gain can be estimated using the following equations, respectively: NEg= 0.0392*EBW0.75*EBWG1.0529 and NPg= 242.34 x EBWG - 23.09 x RE. The efficiency of use of metabolizable protein for gain was 25.8%, and the protein requirement for maintenance was 2.96 g EBW-0.75 day-1. The rumen degradable protein can supply 62.44% of the crude protein requirements of feedlot dairy crossbred bulls with a body weight of 450 kg while gaining 1 kg day-1.

Prediction of the body composition of lambs from the composition of their non-carcass components

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Wilkinson ◽  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Whole Body

AbstractInformation on the chemical composition of Suffolk × Blackface lambs was collected and used to predict empty body (EB) component weights from empty body weight (EBW) and non-carcass (NC) component weights. EBW accounted proportionately for 0·94, 0·89 and 0·95 of the variation in EB crude protein, fat and energy content. A combination of NC component weights accounted proportionately for 0·94, 0·95 and 0·96 of the variation in EB crude protein, fat and energy content. EBW and a combination of NC component weights together accounted proportionately for 0·97, 0·97 and 0·98 of the variation in EB crude protein, fat and energy content. Chemical analysis of NC components is cheaper and easier than whole body analysis and provides a viable alternative to sample joint or specific gravity analysis.

scholarly journals Structural problems of water metabolism in the human body

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
R. O. Sabadishin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water

The article highlights the main biochemical processes that determine the normal functioning of the body and depend on the chemical composition of water consumed by humans. The lack and excess of water, as well as certain features of its composition affect the human body.

scholarly journals Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting the performance of West African Dwarf (WAD), Yankasa (YAN) and WAD X YAN lambs in the tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
O. O. Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
West African Dwarf

Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting performance of sheep at the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria were studied from 2005-2006. Genetic groups involved were 8 West African Dwarf sheep (WAD), 10 Yankasa (YAN) and 10 WAD X YAN (XBD). Data were analysed using General Linear Model of least squares analysis of variance to test the influence of genetic group, sex, season and age on weights and linear body measurements such as height at withers (HT), body length (BL), Neck length (NL), Neck circumference (NC), heart girth (HG), Foreleg length (FL), Hind leg length (HL), Face length (FA), Ear length (EA), Headwidth (HW), shoulder width (SW), tail length (TL) and Rump height (RH). Weight, HT, BL, HG, FL, HL, FL, EL, TL and RH were significantly affected by genetic group. Female lambs weighed 0.75kg more than the males (p<0.01). Season of birth had significant effect on WT (p<0.0001), HT (p<0.01), NL (p<0.001), FL (p<0.0001), HL (p<0.0.0001), FA (p<0.01), SW (p<0.01) and RL (p<0.05), the traits were superior in the rainy season. Age significantly affected all parameters considered. The WAD (0.53) and XBD (1.39kg) lambs were and heavier during the rainy season as compared to the dry season. Of the body dimensional traits, HG had the highest correlation coefficients with WT in WAD and YAN lambs estimated at 0.86 and 0.89 respectively, whereas HT was the most correlated trait with WT in XBD lambs. Height at withers and body length were the most important additional variables to heartgirth accounting for 87% prediction of body weight in WAD and YAN lambs, whereas, HT, BL, NC, HG, SW, TL and RH could account for up to 90% of body weight in XBD lambs

scholarly journals Genetic group and heterosis on morphometric measurements during the growth of male beef cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Paulo Santana Pacheco ◽  
Fabiano Nunes Vaz ◽  
Luiz Danilo Muehlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Body Development

In the present study, the effects of genetic group and heterosis on body measurements of purebreds (Charolais - C and Nellore - N), first-generation crossbreds (G1) (1/2C1/2N and 1/2N1/2C), and second-generation crossbreds (G2) (3/4C1/4N and 3/4N1/4C) males from rotational crossbreeding were evaluated at 8, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Among the purebreds, the Nellore displayed greater rump height than the Charolais. The Charolais had greater thoracic perimeter than the Nellore, however this difference decreased gradually with advancing age, being equal between the two genetic groups at 24 months. For width of the rump, ischial opening and thoracic perimeter crossbred animals showed higher values than the purebred animals at all ages, but less pronounced at eight months of age. For all morphometric measurements, with exception of rump height, the differences of crossbreds males in relation to the purebreds, were more evident in relation to the Nellore. Heterosis was significant for morphometric measurements in male beef cattle. Morphometric measurements showed high correlation with each other and with body weight, thereby indicating that they are good indicators of body development.

scholarly journals Exercise Training of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (Sparc) KO Mice Suggests That Exercise-Induced Muscle Phenotype Changes Are SPARC-Dependent

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Ghanemi ◽  
Aicha Melouane ◽  
Mayumi Yoshioka ◽  
Jonny St-Amand
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

We previously identified secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc) as an exercise-induced gene in young and elderly individuals. Via this animal experiment, we aim to identify selected implications of SPARC mainly within the muscle in the contexts of exercise. Mice were divided into eight groups based on three variables (age, genotype and exercise): Old (O) or young (Y) × Sparc knock-out (KO) or wild-type (WT) × sedentary (Sed) or exercise (Ex). The exercised groups were trained for 12 weeks at the lactate threshold (LT) speed (including 4 weeks of adaptation period) and all mice were sacrificed afterwards. Body and selected tissues were weighed, and lactate levels in different conditions measured. Expression of skeletal muscle (SM) collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) and mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1) in addition to SM strength (grip power) were also measured. Ageing increased the body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weights but decreased SM weight percentage (to body weight) and MT-CO1 expression (in WT). Exercise increased SM COL1A1 in WT mice and MT-CO1 expression, as well as weight percentage of the tibialis anterior muscle, and decreased WAT weight (trend). Compared to WT mice, Sparc KO mice had lower body, muscle and WAT weights, with a decrease in SM MT-CO1 and COL1A1 expression with no genotype effect on lactate levels in all our blood lactate measures. Sparc KO effects on body composition, adiposity and metabolic patterns are toward a reduced WAT and body weight, but with a negative metabolic and functional phenotype of SM. Whereas such negative effects on SM are worsened with ageing, they are relatively improved by exercise. Importantly, our data suggest that the exercise-induced changes in the SM phenotype, in terms of increased performance (metabolic, strength and development), including lactate-induced changes, are SPARC-dependent.

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