scholarly journals PSII-21 Effects of barley starch proportion in diets on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microorganisms of fattening Hu sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 404-406
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Ma ◽  
Fadi Li ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
The One ◽  
Hu Sheep

Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of fattening Hu sheep diet with barley starch instead of corn starch in different proportions on the production performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial of fattening Hu sheep. In this experiment, 72 Hu lambs (average BW:29.70 ± 1.70 kg) were selected and randomly divided into 4 treatments according to single factor block experiment. Each treatment included 18 replicates(n=18) and each sheep was raised in individual pen. Barely starch (BS) and corn starch (CS) were the starch source of the diets. Four treatments are BS-0 group(0%BS+100%CS), BS-33 group(33%BS+66%CS), BS-66 group(66%BS+33%CS), BS-100 group(100%BS+0%CS). The experiment lasted for 79 days with 7 days pre-feeding period and 63 days formal period(n=18), the last 6 days and 3 days were assigned to the digestibility(n=6) and sampled(n=10) after slaughter respectively. All dates were analyzed using the one-way ANOVE of SPSS 25.0. The results showed that the DM, OM, NDF and ADF digestibility of BS-0 group were higher than BS-100 group (P<0.05). the DM, OM and NDF digestibility of BS-66 group were higher than BS-100 group. Total VFA concentration of BS-66 and BS-100 is significantly higher than BS-33 and BS-0 (P<0.05). the propionate concentration of BS-33 is lower than BS-66 (P<0.05). The ruminal pH and NH3-N concentration of BS-33 are higher than BS-66 (P<0.05).BS-0 group has a higher ACE Chao1 and Shannon index than BS-100. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes increased and the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased in BS-100(P<0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Ruminobacter in BS-100 is higher than other groups (P<0.05). These results indicated that the feeding efficiency of corn starch has positive affect than barley starch. 66% barley starch substitutes corn starch can improve nutrient digestibility and be good for rumen health.

Replacement of rice straw with cassava-top silage on rumen ecology, fermentation and nutrient digestibilities in dairy steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bounnaxay Viennasay ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Khampanat Phesatcha ◽  
Burarat Phesatcha ◽  
Thiwakorn Ampapon
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Rumen Ecology ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Conserving good source of roughage for dry-season feeding of ruminants is of the utmost importance. Therefore, cassava-top silage (CTS) was prepared and was studied for its feeding level and nutritive value in dairy steers. Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers (75% Holstein Friesian × 25% Thai Native), ~3 years old with 209 ± 50 kg liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study the effect of CTS on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency. The treatments were four different feeding ratios of CTS to rice straw, as follows: 0:100, 30:70, 60:40 and 100:0 respectively. Increasing the ratio of CTS to rice straw in the feed remarkably reduced the rumen protozoal population (P < 0.01), thus subsequently decreasing rumen methane production (P < 0.01), whereas other rumen microorganisms remained similar among treatments. Correspondingly, rumen propionate production was enhanced (P < 0.01) by increasing the CTS to rice ratio in the feed, and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.01). Furthermore, rumen ammonia nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen increased (P < 0.01) with an increasing proportion of CTS in the feed, whereas nitrogen retention was highest when the proportion of CTS in the feed was 100%. Although the feed DM intakes were similar, apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein as well as neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were significantly improved by the increase in the percentage of CTS in the feed. It could be concluded that including CTS in the feed at a level of 60–100% improved the rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibilities, and is highly recommended for use in the ruminant production in the tropics, as it is a practically simple-to-prepare on-farm feeding intervention.

scholarly journals The Antimethanogenic Nitrocompounds Can be Cleaved into Nitrite by Rumen Microorganisms: A Comparison of Nitroethane, 2-Nitroethanol, and 2-Nitro-1-propanol

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Zhen-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yan-Lu Wang ◽  
Wei-Kang Wang ◽  
Yong-Yang Chen ◽  
Xue-Meng Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Model ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
The One

A class of aliphatic short chain nitrocompounds have been reported as being capable of CH4 reduction both in vitro and in vivo. However, the laboratory evidence associated with the metabolic fate of nitrocompounds in the rumen has not been well documented. The present study was conducted to compare in vitro degradation and metabolism of nitroethane (NE), 2-nitroethanol (NEOH), and 2-nitro-1-propanol (NPOH) incubated with mixed rumen microorganisms of dairy cows. After 10 mM supplementation of nitrocompounds, a serious of batch cultures were carried out for 120 h under the presence of two substrates differing in the ratio of maize meal to alfalfa hay (HF, 1:4; LF, 4:1). Compared to the control, methane production was reduced by 59% in NPOH and by >97% in both NE and NEOH, and such antimethanogenic effects were more pronounced in the LF than the HF group. Although NE, NEOH, and NPOH addition did not alter total VFA production, the rumen fermentation pattern shifted toward increasing propionate and butyrate and decreasing acetate production. The kinetic disappearance of each nitrocompound was well fitted to the one-compartment model, and the disappearance rate (k, %/h) of NE was 2.6 to 5.2 times greater than those of NEOH and NPOH. Higher intermediates of nitrite occurred in NEOH in comparison with NPOH and NE while ammonia N production was lowest in NEOH. Consequently, a stepwise accumulation of bacterial crude protein (BCP) in response to the nitrocompound addition was observed in both the HF and LF group. In brief, both NE and NEOH in comparison with NPOH presented greater antimethanogenic activity via the shift of rumen fermentation. In addition, the present study provided the first direct evidence that rumen microbes were able to cleave these nitrocompounds into nitrite, and the subsequent metabolism of nitrite into ammonia N may enhance the growth of rumen microbes or promote microbial activities.

scholarly journals Improvement of D-Ribose Production from Corn Starch Hydrolysate by a Transketolase-Deficient StrainBacillus subtilisUJS0717

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuan Wei ◽  
Jue Zhou ◽  
WenJing Sun ◽  
FengJie Cui ◽  
QinHua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Inoculum Volume ◽  
Starch Hydrolysate

D-Ribose is a five-carbon sugar and generally used as an energy source to improve athletic performance and the ability. The culture conditions for maximum D-ribose production performance from cheap raw material corn starch hydrolysate were improved by using one-factor-at-a-time experiments and a three-level Box-Behnken factorial design. The optimal fermentation parameters were obtained as 36°C culture temperature, 10% inoculum volume, and 7.0 initial pH. The mathematical model was then developed to show the effect of each medium composition and their interactions on the production of D-ribose and estimated that the optimized D-ribose production performance with the concentration of 62.13 g/L, yield of 0.40 g/g, and volumetric productivity of 0.86 g/L·h could be obtained when the medium compositions were set as 157 g/L glucose, 21 g/L corn steep liquor, 3.2 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 1 g/L yeast extract, 0.05 g/L MnSO4·H2O, and 20 g/L CaCO3. These findings indicated the D-ribose production performance was significantly improved compared to that under original conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Mulberry Leaf Powder in Concentrate on the Rumen Fermentation and Ruminal Epithelium in Fattening Hu Sheep

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Ouyang ◽  
Mengzhi Wang ◽  
Qirui Hou ◽  
Dan Feng ◽  
Yu Pi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Hu Sheep

Mulberry leaves have been used as a protein source in replacing concentrates of domestic animals, however, little is known about the relationship between supplementation level and the development of rumen epithelium. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different proportions of mulberry leaf powder (MLP) in dietary concentrate on rumen fermentation and rumen epithelium morphology in fattening Hu sheep. Forty three-month-old male Hu sheep with an initial body weight of 16.5 ± 0.6 kg (BW ± SD) were chosen and randomly divided into five treatments: 0% (control), 15% (T15), 30% (T30), 45% (T45) and 60% (T60) of MLP in concentrate, respectively. The results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) in treatments T15 and T30 have no significant difference with respect to the control treatment, but DMI and ADG in treatments T45 and T60 were lower than the control treatment (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased linearly and quadraticly as MLP supplementation increased (p < 0.05). The concentration of ammonia (NH3-N) trended to decrease linearly with the increase of MLP supplementation (p < 0.1), whereas the microbial protein (MCP) concentration increased linearly as MLP supplementation increased (p < 0.05). In the results of rumen epithelium morphology, the width of stratum corneum was reduced, whereas the width of ruminal papillae increased (p < 0.05), and the width of stratum granulosum and stratum basale also increased as MLP increased. In summary, MLP supplementation could improve nutrient digestibility, the development of rumen papillae and stratum basale. However, high content MLP (45%–60%) supplementation decreased the growth and food intake performance of fattening Hu sheep. Therefore, 30% MLP is recommended to supplement in concentrate for fattening Hu sheep.

scholarly journals Effect of Rumen Undegraded Protein Level on Nutrient Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Dairy Cow

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Widyobroto B. P. ◽  
S. P. S. Budhi ◽  
A. Agus ◽  
B. Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

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scholarly journals Effects of Feeding System on Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Nutrient Digestibility in Holstein Steers

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1482-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Y. Li ◽  
Sang S. Lee ◽  
N. J. Choi ◽  
S. Y. Lee ◽  
H. G. Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

scholarly journals Effect of rye grain derived from different cultivars or maize grain use in the diet on ruminal fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Rajtar ◽  
Paweł Górka ◽  
Bogdan Śliwiński ◽  
Jarosław Wieczorek ◽  
Danuta Boros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar

AbstractSix wether sheep with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square to determine the effect of rye grain (from an open-pollinated or a hybrid cultivar) and maize grain from hybrid cultivar inclusion in the diet on ruminal fermentation parameters and nutrient digestion in different gastrointestinal tract compartments. The experimental diets consisted of meadow hay (800 g/day) and a concentrate mixture (300 g/day) that contained rye grain from an open-pollinated cultivar (OPRG), rye grain from a hybrid cultivar (HRG), or maize grain from a hybrid cultivar (MG) as a main energy source. Each experimental period lasted 17 days and consisted of 10 days for diet adaptation and 7 days for data and sample collection. Ruminal fermentation (pH, short-chain fatty acids, and ammonia concentration) and nutrient digestion up to the duodenum (in reticulorumen, omasum, and abomasum), in the intestine, as well as in the total digestive tract was investigated. Mean ruminal pH was higher for MG compared to HRG and OPRG (P<0.01) but did not differ between HRG and OPRG (6.45, 6.35, and 6.29 for MG, HRG, and OPRG, respectively). Treatment did not affect short-chain fatty acid concentration in the rumen, except for the molar proportions of valeric acid and of isovaleric acid of the total short-chain fatty acids, which was or tended to be higher (P≤0.06) for MG compared to HRG and OPRG. Less starch was digested in the gastrointestinal tract up to the duodenum and more in the intestine for MG compared to HRG and OPRG (P=0.01); however, total tract nutrient digestibility did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, usage of rye grain in sheep diets resulted in a lower ruminal pH compared to maize grain usage. No differences for ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestion up to the duodenum, in the intestine, as well as in the total digestive tract between rye grain from open-pollinated and hybrid cultivar usage in sheep diets were found.

Effect of feeding strategically blended feed pellets on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Zenobi ◽  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Feed Pellets ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Zenobi, M. G., Lardner, H. A., Jefferson, P. G. and McKinnon, J. J. 2015. Effect of feeding strategically blended feed pellets on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 243–254. Five rumen-cannulated heifers (631±31 kg) were used in a 5×5 Latin square design to evaluate the effect of feeding blended by-product feed pellets (BP) on rumen fermentation and nutrient utilization. Four BP were formulated to be high in starch (HS) or fat (HF) and either low (LSP) or high (HSP) in soluble crude protein. The control diet consisted of 49.1% forage and 50.9% barley-based concentrate. Treatments were 50.3% forage and 49.7% BP (DM). Heifers fed HF BP had higher (P=0.05) mean pH values than those fed the control diet and tended (P=0.07) to have higher mean pH than those fed the HS BP. Feeding HF BP decreased (P<0.05) rumen propionate concentration without affecting acetate or total volatile fatty acid concentration. Rumen ammonia-nitrogen (N) levels and digestibility of crude protein was highest (P<0.05) for HS, intermediate for HF, and the lowest for the control. Feeding HF BP reduced (P<0.05) gross energy digestibility and digestible energy content relative to both the control and HS diets while both BP increased (P<0.01) their extract digestibility compared with the control. There was minimal effect of pellet soluble crude protein content. Total N excretion (% of N intake) was not affected (P>0.05) by treatment. These results indicate that BP had no adverse effects on rumen fermentation or apparent nutrient digestibility and did not result in issues with excess nutrient excretion. As such BP can be used as an alternative energy source in backgrounding diets to cereal grains and can help counteract volatility in feed grain prices.

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