Replacement of rice straw with cassava-top silage on rumen ecology, fermentation and nutrient digestibilities in dairy steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bounnaxay Viennasay ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Khampanat Phesatcha ◽  
Burarat Phesatcha ◽  
Thiwakorn Ampapon
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Rumen Ecology ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Conserving good source of roughage for dry-season feeding of ruminants is of the utmost importance. Therefore, cassava-top silage (CTS) was prepared and was studied for its feeding level and nutritive value in dairy steers. Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers (75% Holstein Friesian × 25% Thai Native), ~3 years old with 209 ± 50 kg liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study the effect of CTS on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency. The treatments were four different feeding ratios of CTS to rice straw, as follows: 0:100, 30:70, 60:40 and 100:0 respectively. Increasing the ratio of CTS to rice straw in the feed remarkably reduced the rumen protozoal population (P < 0.01), thus subsequently decreasing rumen methane production (P < 0.01), whereas other rumen microorganisms remained similar among treatments. Correspondingly, rumen propionate production was enhanced (P < 0.01) by increasing the CTS to rice ratio in the feed, and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.01). Furthermore, rumen ammonia nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen increased (P < 0.01) with an increasing proportion of CTS in the feed, whereas nitrogen retention was highest when the proportion of CTS in the feed was 100%. Although the feed DM intakes were similar, apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein as well as neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were significantly improved by the increase in the percentage of CTS in the feed. It could be concluded that including CTS in the feed at a level of 60–100% improved the rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibilities, and is highly recommended for use in the ruminant production in the tropics, as it is a practically simple-to-prepare on-farm feeding intervention.

scholarly journals Using glycerin with chitosan extracted from shrimp residue to enhance rumen fermentation and feed use in native Thai bulls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1158-1164
Author(s):  
Anuthida Seankamsorn ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Sarong So ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
High Level

Background and Aim: Crude glycerin is changed to propionate in the rumen, while chitosan can be used as a feed supplement to increase propionic acid concentration and decrease methane (CH4) production. We hypothesized that supplementation with a combination of a high level of crude glycerin with chitosan could have a beneficial effect on ruminal fermentation and mitigate CH4 production. This study aimed to explore the combined effects of crude glycerin and chitosan supplementation on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and CH4 calculation in native Thai bulls. Materials and Methods: Four 2-year-old native Thai bulls, weighing 150±20 kg, were kept in a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design. Factor A represented the incorporation of crude glycerin at 10.5% and 21% of the dry matter (DM) of a total mixed ration (TMR), and factor B represented the supplementation of chitosan at 1% and 2% DM of a TMR. Results: Increasing levels of crude glycerin at 21% decreased DM intake by 0.62 kg/day compared with 10.5% crude glycerin (p<0.05), whereas nutrient digestibility did not change (p>0.05). The incorporated crude glycerin and supplemented chitosan levels did not affect the pH, temperature, concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen, microbial population, and blood urea nitrogen (p>0.05). Supplemented chitosan and incorporated crude glycerin did not show any interaction effects on the molar portions and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), except estimated CH4. Increasing the incorporated crude glycerin levels increased propionate and decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio, whereas levels of butyrate, acetate, and total VFAs were unchanged. The combination of crude glycerin at 21% in the TMR with chitosan at 2% reduced CH4 estimation by 5.08% compared with the other feed treatment. Conclusion: Increasing incorporated crude glycerin levels in a TMR significantly elevated the propionate concentration, whereas combining 21% crude glycerin in the TMR diet with 2% chitosan supplementation could depress CH4 estimation more effectively than adding one of these supplements alone.

Effects of different levels of rapeseed cake containing high glucosinolates in steer ration on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and the rumen microbial community

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jian Gao ◽  
Yanfeng Sun ◽  
Yu Bao ◽  
Ke Zhou ◽  
Dehuang Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary rapeseed cake (RSC) containing high glucosinolates (GLS) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and the rumen microbial community in steers. Eight growing steers and four rations containing RSC (GLS 226·1 μmol/g DM) at 0·00, 2·65, 5·35 and 8·00 % DM were assigned in a replicate 4 × 4 Latin square design. The results indicated that increasing RSC levels increased the ruminal concentration of thiocyanate (SCN) (P < 0·01), decreased the ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and the molar proportion of isovalerate (P < 0·05), did not affect the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (P > 0·05), decreased the crude protein (CP) digestibility (P < 0·05) and increased the ether extract (EE) digestibility (P < 0·01). Increasing RSC levels tended to decrease the abundances of ruminal Ruminobacter amylophilus (P = 0·055) and Ruminococcus albus (P = 0·086) but did not affect methanogens, protozoa, fungi and other bacteria (P > 0·05). Increasing RSC levels in the ration did not affect the ruminal bacterial diversity (P > 0·05), but it increased the operational taxonomic units and the bacterial richness (P < 0·05) and affected the relative abundances of some bacteria at the phylum level and genus level (P < 0·05). In conclusion, RSC decreased the ruminal concentration of NH3-N and the CP digestibility, increased the EE digestibility and partly affected the ruminal bacterial community. SCN, as the metabolite of GLS, could be a major factor affecting these indices.

scholarly journals Effects of expanding on the nutritive value of wheat bran in pig diets

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi ◽  
Kirsi Partanen ◽  
Pasi Laurinen
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Reversal Design

Nutrient digestibility and protein utilization responses in pigs to the expanding process of wheat bran were evaluated. The digestibility and nitrogen balance study was conducted with nine finishing barrows (live weight of 75-93 kg) using a two-period reversal design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Wheat bran, untreated or expanded with a Kahl expander at a temperature of 105- 110°C, was included at two levels of 150 or 300 g kg-1 in barley-based diet supplemented with minerals and vitamins and fortified with lysine. The level of wheat bran in the diet had a diminishing effect on organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and hemicellulose (HC) digestibilities of the diet and tended to decrease those of crude protein (CP) and ash. Expanding of the wheat bran affected a non-significant improvement on ether extract (EE), NDF, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and HC digestibilities of the diet. Nutrient digestibilities of wheat bran and expanded wheat bran computed by regression were 0.64, 0.67 for OM; 0.70, 0,70 for CP; 0.47, 0.63 for EE; 0.35, 0.40 for NDF and 0.01, 0,16 for ADF, respectively. Feed values of untreated and expanded wheat bran were 11.45 and 12,08 MJ ME kg 1 DM, 7.84 and 8.02 MJ NE kg-1 DM and digestible crude protein 1 13 and 1 10g kg-1 DM respectively. The expanding process had no effect on nitrogen retention or protein utilization parameters measured. Processing of wheat bran with an expander had only a slight improving effect on the nutritive value of bran in pig diets.

Effects of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Suphrap ◽  
C. Wachirapakorn ◽  
C. Thamrongyoswittayakul and C. Wongnen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows (Thai native x Holstein Friesian). Eight Thai Friesian dairy cows (447±44 kg.BW) were assigned to 4×4 double latin square design (DLSD) with two sources of oil i.e. palm oil (PO) or soybean oil (SBO) and four levels of YFCP (0, 5, 10 and 20%DM) in the dietary treatments. All cows received total mixed ration (TMR) comprised of rice straw to concentrate at a ratio of 40:60. The results showed that supplementation of SBO had lowered feed intake, nutrients digestibility, metabolize energy intake (MEI), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and methane emission than PO treatment. However, cows received SBO had greater total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4) than cows received on PO (P less than 0.05). In addition, supplementation of YFCP at 10%DM in the diet as an optimum level in dairy cow diets (P greater than 0.05). Finally, the interaction between the addition of SBO and YFCP at 10%DM (SBO+YFCP) had a positive effect on enhancing ether extract intake (EEI) in dairy cows.

Effect of feeding hydroponic barley sprouts to sheep on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, rumen fermentation and ruminal enzymes activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen M. Farghaly ◽  
Mahmoud A.M. Abdullah ◽  
Ibrahim M.I. Youssef ◽  
Ismail R. Abdel-Rahim ◽  
Khaled Abouelezz
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of lipid sources on intake, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial protein synthesis in Nellore steers supplemented with glycerol

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Samuel Gomez Insuasti ◽  
Yury Tatiana Granja Salcedo ◽  
Pablo de Souza Castagnino ◽  
Bruno Ramalho Vieira ◽  
Euclides Braga Malheiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

The effects of glycerol with fat sources as a feed alternative were investigated in the ration for Nellore steers (Bos indicus). Eight cannulated steers at 30 months of age with initial bodyweight of 554 ± 36.0 kg were used in a double 4 by 4 Latin square design with four consecutive 16-day periods. Treatments were three different diets with lipid sources (soybean, soybean oil and calcium salts of fatty acids) and one diet control without lipid sources. All diets formulated contained 10% crude glycerol and 5% ether extract with a forage:concentrate ratio of 35:65; corn silage was used as forage. The ruminal liquid was sampled for 24 h and ruminal fermentations were monitored by measuring pH, concentrations of ammonia nitrogenand volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid. Urine samples were obtained from the total collection for 24 h for estimation of rumen microbial protein supply using urinary purine derivatives. Our results showed that the use of lipid sources combined with glycerol did not induce significant changes in rumen pH, acetate molar proportion, ruminal microbial protein or dry matter intake. Although the acetate molar proportion was kept constant within normal parameters, the propionate molar proportion was increased by the diet containing lipid sources. Moreover, we found that there was a negative effect of lipid sources on crude protein and neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein intake, and one positive effect on ether extract intake. We believe that association between fat and glycerol may affect rumen fermentation parameters through reducing fibre intake and increasing propionate production and ammonia nitrogen.

Assessment of the nutritive value of urea–calcium hydroxide-treated rice straw by in sacco technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Sineenart Polyorach ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Pongsatorn Gunun ◽  
Nirawan Gunun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Storage Times

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of urea–lime treatment on nutritive value and rumen degradability of rice straw by using the nylon-bag technique. Straw was assigned to treatments according to a 2 × 3 × 5 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design. Factor A comprised two storage times (10 and 20 days), Factor B comprised three levels of lime addition (0%, 1% and 2%) and Factor C comprised five levels of urea treatment (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%). Two ruminal fistulated beef steers (410 ± 10 kg) were used to determine in situ DM degradability. The results showed that increasing the urea treatment level increased crude protein and organic matter concentrations, while concentrations of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre decreased linearly with an increasing lime treatment level (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, urea and lime treatment increased the soluble fractions at time zero (a), insoluble degradability fractions (b), rate of degradation (c), potential degradability (a+b) and the effective degradability of DM (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, rice-straw treatment at 20 days showed a better straw chemical composition and rumen degradability (P &lt; 0.05) than that at 10 days. In conclusion, treatment with urea and lime improved the quality and ruminal degradability of rice straw. The present study suggested that urea treatment can improve the nutritional value of rice straw, especially, treatment with 3% urea together with 2% lime.

scholarly journals Effects of Tea Saponin Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility, Methanogenesis, and Ruminal Microbial Flora in Dorper Crossbred Ewe

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Liu ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Naifeng Zhang ◽  
Bingwen Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Tea Saponin ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Two experiments were conducted using Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes. In experiment 1, eighteen ewes were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (a basal diet, or the same basal diet supplemented with 2.0 g tea saponin (TS)/head/day) to investigate the effects of TS supplementation on nutrient digestibility and methane emissions. In experiment 2, six ewes with ruminal cannulae were assigned to the same two dietary treatments as in experiment 1 to investigate the effects of TS supplementation on rumen fermentation and microbial flora. TS supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM) (p = 0.001), nitrogen (N) (p = 0.036), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p = 0.001), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (p < 0.001). Urinary N (p = 0.001) and fecal N (p = 0.036) output were reduced, and N retention (p = 0.001) and nitrogen retention/nitrogen intake (p = 0.001) were increased. Supplementary TS did not decrease absolute methane emissions (p = 0.519) but decreased methane emissions scaled to metabolic bodyweight by 8.80% (p = 0.006). Ammonia levels decreased (p < 0.001) and total volatile fatty acid levels increased (p = 0.018) in response to TS supplementation. The molar proportion of propionate increased (p = 0.007), whereas the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (p = 0.035). Supplementation with TS increased the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes (p = 0.019), but the population of protozoans tended to decrease (p = 0.054). Supplementation with TS effectively enhanced the apparent digestibility of OM, N, NDF, and ADF, and decreased methane emissions scaled to metabolic bodyweight.

Apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance in Tibetan and fine-wool sheep offered forage-concentrate diets differing in nitrogen concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. ZHOU ◽  
J. D. MI ◽  
A. A. DEGEN ◽  
X. S. GUO ◽  
H. C. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

SUMMARYA comparative study of the effect of dietary nitrogen (N) content [Low: 11·0; Medium-Low (MLow): 16·7; Medium-High (Mhigh): 23·1; High: 29·2 N g/kg dry matter (DM)] on apparent digestibilities, rumen fermentation and N balance was conducted in coarse wool Tibetan sheep and Gansu Alpine fine-wool sheep at Wushaoling in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It was hypothesized that responses would differ between breeds and that responses would favour Tibetan over fine-wool sheep at low N intakes. Eight wethers [four Tibetan sheep and four fine-wool sheep, 20–24 months old; body weight ± standard deviation was 52 ± 3·2 kg] were used in two concurrent 4 × 4 Latin square designs. Dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibilities were higher in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep when fed the Low, MLow and High N diets while N retention was higher when the animals were fed the Low and MLow N diets. Tibetan sheep had a higher rumen pH than fine-wool sheep; however, total volatile fatty acids were similar between breeds. Molar proportions of acetate were higher but propionate and butyrate lower in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep. In addition, Tibetan sheep had higher concentrations of ruminal free amino acid-N and soluble protein-N than fine-wool sheep. Plasma and saliva urea-N concentrations were higher in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep when supplied with the Low N diet. It was concluded that Tibetan sheep were better able to cope with low N feed than fine-wool sheep because of the higher N retention and higher DM and fibre digestibilities with Low and MLow diets.

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