PSII-4 Changes in abundance of ruminal bacteria associated with urea level and tannin supplementation in grazing beef cattle

Abstract The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of tannins extract (TN) associated to two levels of urea in the supplement of grazing beef cattle on ruminal bacterial abundance. Were used eight rumen cannulated Nellore steers (293 kg ± 5.6 BW) in a double Latin square 4 x 4 (four periods of 28 each and four supplements: LU = low urea without TN; LUT = low urea plus TN; HU = high urea without TN and HUT = high urea plus TN). Steers grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and were supplemented at 3 g/kg BW cwith soybean meal, corn, mineral mix and two levels of urea (3% or 5%) associated or not to TN (SilvaFeed-ByPro at 0.7 g / kg). Samples of ruminal content were collected after supplementation (+ 3h), V3/V4 regions of 16SrRNA gene was sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq. Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME v.1.9.1) were used to filter reads and determine Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). DESeq2 differential abundance analysis were performed using each steer on LU supplement as own control on others supplements and evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test considering statistical significance at P < 0.10. Only 5 OTUs differed significantly between treatments. Enterorhabdus.spp population were less abundant in HU, but TN was able to reduce the abundance in both LUT and HUT(P = 0.049). The ruminal abundance of Streptococcus.spp (P = 0.026), Fusobacterium.spp (P = 0.053) and Synergistes.spp (P = 0.048) was reduced by TN, but had no effect of urea level. Enterorhabdus.spp, Streptococcus.spp and Fusobacterium.spp are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, ruminal acidosis and to liver abscesses in cattle, respectively. Betaproteobacteria class were less abundant in HU treatment (P = 0.048), this heterogeneous class bacterial content some nitrogen fixing bacteria and some pathogens important in plants and animals. In conclusion, TN reduced the ruminal population of important ruminal pathogens bacterial.

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PSXII-8 The effect of tannins extract associated to two levels of urea in the supplement of grazing Nellore steers on ruminal microbial richness and diversity estimators

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 448-449

Author(s):

Iorrano A Cidrini ◽

Yury G Salcedo ◽

Mateus I Abreu ◽

Fernando A Cidrini ◽

Laura F Prados ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Latin Square ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Median Number ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Rumen Microbiome ◽

Urochloa Brizantha ◽

Post Hoc ◽

16Srrna Gene

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of tannins extract (TN) associated to two levels of urea (UR) in the supplement of grazing Nellore steers on ruminal microbial richness and diversity estimators. The study used eight Nellore steers (293 kg ± 5.6 BW), rumen cannulated grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu distributed in a double Latin square 4 x 4 (four experimental periods and four supplements). Steers were supplemented at 3 g/kg BW with soybean meal, corn, mineral mix and two levels of UR (3% or 5%) associated or not to TN (SilvaFeed-ByPro at 0.7 g / kg). On d 26 of each experimental period, samples of ruminal content were collected after supplementation (+3h), V3/V4 regions of 16SrRNA gene was sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq. Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME v.1.9.1) were used to filter reads and determine Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and Alpha_diversity.py in QIIME was used to calculate ACE, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices. Richness and diversity estimators were compared between UR level and TN addition using a Friedman test and a Dunn’s post-hoc test using R. Sequencing produced 709,456 reads from16 samples. After trimming, the median number of reads was 81,005 per sample with good’s coverage median of 0.98. There was no effect of UR levels on the indexes of richness ACE (2487.4), Chao1 (2497.3), diversity Shannon (8.95) and Simpson (0.990) (P > 0.05). TN addition in the supplement increased ACE (2478.7 to 2483.1) and Chao 1 (2495.3 to 2507.9), had no effect in the diversity Shannon (8.93) and reduced Simpson index (0.993 to 0.990) (P < 0.05), suggesting higher microbiome growing and a more efficient rumen due to lower numbers of metabolic pathways. Higher richness and lower diversity indexes suggest that TN may improve the rumen microbiome growing and efficiency in grazing steers.

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Echo Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) in the Evaluation of Early Atherosclerosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients – a Prospective Study

Medicina Moderna - Modern Medicine ◽

10.31689/rmm.2021.28.3.281 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 281-289

Author(s):

Ana Maria NEGREANU ◽

◽

Simona BADIU ◽

Eugenia PANAITESCU ◽

Monica IONITA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Doppler Ultrasonography ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Biologic Treatment ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Early Atherosclerosis

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are accompanied by an early and accelerated atherosclerotic process. Previous studies showed that Doppler ultrasonography and intima media thickness (IMT) is a reliable marker for early atherosclerosis diagnosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of early atherosclerosis in a group of subjects with inflammatory bowel diseases, using Doppler ultrasonography and intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 61 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and 19 healthy individuals. The included patients had an established IBD diagnosis, based on clinical, endoscopic, and histological criteria for at least 12 months. Results: In our study echo IMT was not significantly higher in IBD patients than in matched healthy controls. We found no difference between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients or between conventional or biologic treatment regarding the echo IMT. Severity of the disease and its duration were predictors of an increased IMT. We found that disease activity (measured by the endoscopic scores and CRP) correlates with higher values of echo IMT. Also the presence of anemia reached statistical significance and was correlated with increased echo IMT in the biologic treatment group. Conclusions: In our study we found an increased echo IMT in IBD patients versus control, but the values did not reach statistical significance. We found no difference between Crohn’s disease and UC, conventional or biologic treatment. Age and duration of disease were corelated with increased IMT. Disease that was not controlled (high endoscopic, clinical and biological markers of activity) was correlated with increased echo IMT. The limitations of our study are that in our patients therapy was started early in the course of the disease and that the majority of the patients were in remission when echography was made. Further studies are necessary to evaluate factors correlated with early atherosclerosis in IBD and how echo IMT can be used as a tool in the proactive evaluation of these patients.

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Adherence to Medical Treatment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients from a Referral Center in Bahia-Brazil

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/5269493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Laíla D. Andrade ◽

Fernanda A. Oliveira ◽

Victor D. Mariano ◽

Monique C. A. Santos ◽

Fernanda A. Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Female Gender ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Referral Center ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Background/Aims. Identify the degree of adherence to drug therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases followed up at a referral center in Bahia-Brazil. Methods. Observational, analytical, and cross-sectional studies carried out from June/2017 to July/2018, with questionnaire application and medical record review at a referral center in inflammatory bowel diseases in Salvador, Bahia. The Morisky Green Levine Scale was applied to assess adherence. Mean, standard deviation, and frequency analyses were performed using the statistical package SPSS, and chi-square was used to evaluate the association between categorical variables and adherence degree to treatment. Significant associations were considered with p<0.05. Results. 302 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases were included. Nonadherence was highlighted in the sample. Most part of the study population was female, declared themselves to be mixed race, claimed to be from urban areas, and married. Nonadherence was more frequent than adherence in most sociodemographic variables of the present study. Nonadherence also stood out among the clinical variables, such as disease activity, drug side effect, and use of more than two additional medications. The association between all studied variables and adherence degree to treatment, considering the general sample, did not show statistical significance. When Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients were evaluated separately, a statistically significant association between nonadherence and female patients with ulcerative colitis was observed. Conclusions. The high frequency of nonadherence was observed in the studied sample. Female gender was associated to nonadherence in the subpopulation with ulcerative colitis.

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Gut microbiome-based supervised machine learning for clinical diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00360.2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ishan Manandhar ◽

Ahmad Alimadadi ◽

Sachin Aryal ◽

Patricia B. Munroe ◽

Bina Joe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Supervised Machine Learning ◽

Metagenomic Data ◽

Predictive Diagnostics ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Microbiome Data

Despite the availability of various diagnostic tests for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), misdiagnosis of IBD occurs frequently, and thus there is a clinical need to further improve the diagnosis of IBD. As gut dysbiosis is reported in IBD patients, we hypothesized that supervised machine learning (ML) could be used to analyze gut microbiome data for predictive diagnostics of IBD. To test our hypothesis, fecal 16S metagenomic data of 729 IBD and 700 non-IBD subjects from the American Gut Project were analyzed using five different ML algorithms. Fifty differential bacterial taxa were identified (LEfSe: LDA > 3) between the IBD and non-IBD groups, and ML classifications trained with these taxonomic features using random forest (RF) achieved a testing AUC of ~0.80. Next, we tested if operational taxonomic units (OTUs), instead of bacterial taxa, could be used as ML features for diagnostic classification of IBD. Top 500 high-variance OTUs were used for ML training and an improved testing AUC of ~0.82 (RF) was achieved. Lastly, we tested if supervised ML could be used for differentiating Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Using 331 CD and 141 UC samples, 117 differential bacterial taxa (LEfSe: LDA > 3) were identified, and the RF model trained with differential taxonomic features or high-variance OTU features achieved a testing AUC > 0.90. In summary, our study demonstrates the promising potential of artificial intelligence via supervised ML modeling for predictive diagnostics of IBD using gut microbiome data.

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Dried whole cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) nuts as an alternative energy feedstuff for beef cattle grazing tropical pasture

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18668 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (13) ◽

pp. 1614

Author(s):

D. M. Meneses ◽

E. H. B. K. Moraes ◽

E. D. Batista ◽

A. S. Oliveira ◽

S. R. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

N Balance ◽

Microbial Synthesis ◽

Grazing Cattle ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Urochloa Brizantha ◽

Supplement Intake

Context Cupuassu is frequently cultivated in Brazil as well as in the warm lowlands of other tropical American countries. Cupuassu nut contains high levels of theobromine and ether extra ct, which could negatively affect the intake and digestibility of nutrients, when included in livestock diets. Aims The present study was undertaken to evaluate how replacing maize with cupuassu nut affects feed intake, efficiency of microbial synthesis and nitrogen (N) balance in Nellore bulls at pasture. Methods Five Nellore bulls with an initial bodyweight of 336.7 ± 12.8 kg (mean ± s.d.) were kept in individual paddocks of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Concentrate supplements containing equal amounts of N and different concentrations of dried whole cupuassu nut (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% replacement of maize) were fed to bulls in a 5 × 5 latin square design, with each animal allocated to each diet for a period of 20 days, including a 14-day period of adaptation. Key results Intake of all dietary components and total digestible nutrients, except ether extract, theobromine and neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein, decreased linearly with the addition of cupuassu. Theobromine intake varied from 13.86 (25% cupuassu nut) to 36.67 (100% cupuassu nut) mg/kg bodyweight. The inclusion of cupuassu in the supplement led to a linear decrease in ruminal ammonia-N concentration, N balance, and efficiency of microbial synthesis. Conclusion Replacing maize with dried whole cupuassu nut in concentrate supplements reduces the intake of DM from both supplement and pasture, the efficiency of microbial synthesis, and the N balance in grazing beef cattle. Implications The replacement of maize by dried whole nut of cupuassu in concentrate supplements for grazing cattle is not recommended because it reduces supplement intake and nitrogen retention, and it is likely to decrease liveweight gain.

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