scholarly journals Administering an appeasing substance to optimize performance and health responses in feedlot receiving cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice P Brandão ◽  
Jacob B Wiegand ◽  
Kelsey M Schubach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
To Receive

Abstract This experiment evaluated the impacts of administering a bovine appeasing substance (BAS) at feedlot entry to receiving cattle. Angus-influenced steers (n = 342) from 16 sources were purchased from an auction yard on day –1, and transported (12 hr; 4 trucks) to the feedlot. Upon arrival on day 0, shrunk body weight (BW; 240 ± 1 kg) was recorded and steers were ranked by load, shrunk BW, and source and assigned to receive BAS (IRSEA Group, Quartier Salignan, France; n = 171) or placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n = 171). The BAS is a mixture of fatty acids that replicate the composition of the bovine appeasing pheromone. Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to each individual steer on their nuchal skin area. Steers were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens (12 pens/treatment) and received a free-choice diet until day 46. Steers were assessed daily for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs, and feed intake was recorded from each pen daily. Steer unshrunk BW was recorded on days 7, 17, 31, 45, and 46. Shrunk BW on day 0 was added an 8% shrink to represent initial BW, and final BW was calculated by averaging BW from days 45 and 46. Blood samples were collected from 5 steers/pen on days 0, 7, 11, 31, and 45. Pen was considered the experimental unit. Steer BW gain was greater (P = 0.04) in BAS vs. CON (1.01 vs. 0.86 kg/d, SEM = 0.05). Feed intake did not differ (P = 0.95) between treatments, resulting in greater (P = 0.05) feed efficiency in BAS vs. CON (171 vs. 142 g/kg, SEM = 10). Plasma cortisol concentration was greater (P = 0.05) and plasma glucose concentration was less in CON vs. BAS on day 7 (treatment × day; P = 0.07 and <0.01, respectively). Mean plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was greater (P < 0.01) in BAS vs. CON (3.23 and 2.75 mg/mL; SEM = 0.12). Incidence of BRD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in BAS vs. CON from days 6 to 10 and days 19 to 23 (treatment × day; P < 0.01), although overall BRD incidence did not differ (P = 0.20) between treatments (82.4% vs. 76.6%, respectively; SEM = 3.2). A greater proportion (P = 0.04) of BAS steers diagnosed with BRD required one antimicrobial treatment to regain health compared with CON (59.3% vs. 47.6%, SEM = 4.2). Hence, BAS administration to steers upon feedlot arrival improved BW gain during a 45-d receiving period by enhancing feed efficiency. Moreover, results suggest that BAS improved steer performance by facilitating early detection of BRD signs, lessening the disease recurrence upon first antimicrobial treatment.

PSXV-26 Performance and health responses of feedlot receiving cattle supplemented with pre- and probiotic ingredients

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
Shea Mackey ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Jacob Wiegand ◽  
Autumn Pickett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract This experiment compared performance and health responses of feedlot cattle receiving a synbiotic supplement (yeast-derived prebiotic + Bacillus subtilis probiotic), which replaced or were fed in conjunction with feed-grade antimicrobials (monensin and tylosin) during a 56-d receiving period. Angus-influenced steers (n = 192) from 4 different sources were transported for 800 km, and arrived on the experimental feedlot on d 0 when shrunk body weight (BW) was recorded. Steers were ranked by source and shrunk BW, and were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens. Pens were assigned to receive a free-choice diet containing: 1) monensin and tylosin (RT; 360 mg/steer daily from Rumensin and 90 mg/steer daily from Tylan; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN), 2) yeast-derived ingredient and B. subtilis probiotic (CC; 18 g/steer daily of Celmanax and 28 g/steer daily of Certillus; Church and Dwight Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ), or 3) monensin and tylosin combined with yeast-derived and B. subtilis ingredients (RTCC) as in RT and CC. Feed intake was greater (P < 0.01) in CC compared with RT and RTCC cattle (7.34, 6.15, 6.22 kg of dry matter/head daily, respectively; SEM = 0.29). Average daily gain tended (P ≤ 0.10) to be greater in CC compared with RT and RTCC cattle (1.23, 1.16, 1.16 kg/d, respectively; SEM = 0.03). Feed efficiency was less in CC compared with RT and RTCC cattle (0.160, 0.173, 0.171 kg/kg, respectively; SEM = 0.003). Incidence of bovine respiratory disease did not differ (P = 0.37) between treatments (25.9, 20.2, and 15.5% for CC, RT, and RTCC, respectively; SEM = 5.2) during the 56-d receiving period. Collectively, replacing RT with CC improved feed intake and BW gain during a 56-d receiving period, despite reducing feed efficiency. Combining RT and CC ingredients, however, did not yield additional productive and health benefits to receiving cattle.

scholarly journals PSVIII-35 Late-Breaking Abstract: Administration of an appeasing substance at castration improves performance of pre-conditioned beef crossbred steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Bruno I Cappellozza ◽  
Marcos Renato Burim ◽  
André Velasco ◽  
Fernando Sagrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Alternatives that alleviate stress-related responses and improve performance of the beef cattle herd are imperative and deserve further investigation. In previous trials, administration of the bovine appeasing substance (BAS) has improved performance of newly-weaned and feedlot received beef animals, as well as reduced the risk of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) cuts in carcass obtained from Bos indicus cattle. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of BAS administration at castration on pre-conditioning performance of crossbred beef animals. On day 0, 390 crossbred Angus × Nellore animals were ranked by initial shrunk BW (255 ± 21.1 kg) and assigned to receive or not (CON) 5 mL/head of BAS (SecureCattle; Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil) immediately before castration. From d 0 to 30, animals within treatments were maintained in 2 feedot pens with a minimum distance (300 m) to avoid contact between treatment groups and received a grass hay-based diet (70:30 roughage:concentrate ratio) ad libitum. On day 30, animals were individually weighed following 16 hours of feed and water restriction. Hence, a descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate pen dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (FE). Animal was considered the experimental unit and all data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Bovine appeasing substance administration at castration improved ADG and BW change (P < 0.0001) compared with CON cohorts (0.983 vs. 1.155 kg/d and 29.5 vs. 34.6 kg for ADG and BW change, respectively). Total DMI was similar among treatments when reported as kg/d (6.70 vs. 6.75 kg) or % of BW (2.48 vs. 2.48%), whereas FE was dramatically improved in BAS-administered animals (146 vs. 172 g/kg for CON and BAS, respectively). In summary, BAS administration improved performance of crossbred beef animals for 30 days post-castration.

scholarly journals 268 Administering an appeasing substance to optimize welfare and performance of receiving cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Jacob Wiegand ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment evaluated the impacts of bovine appeasing substance (BAS) administration on performance, health, and physiological responses of feedlot cattle during a 45-d receiving period. A total of 342 recently-weaned Angus-influenced steers, originating from 16 cow-calf operations, were obtained from an auction yard on d -1 and road-transported (12 h) to the feedlot. Upon arrival on d 0, body weight (BW) was recorded and steers were ranked by BW and source and assigned to receive BAS (Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil; n = 171) or placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n = 171). Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal. Within treatment, calves were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens (12 pens/treatment) and received a free choice total-mixed ration from d 1 to 45. Calves were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs and feed intake was recorded from each pen daily. Steer BW was again recorded on d 1, 7, 17, 31, and 45, whereas blood samples were collected from 5 steers/pen concurrently with each BW assessment. Average daily gain was greater (P = 0.05) in BAS vs. CON calves, although final BW did not differ (P = 0.36) between treatments. No treatment effects were detected for feed intake (P = 0.95), resulting in greater (P = 0.05) feed efficiency in BAS vs. CON steers. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.37) for plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, whereas plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.05) in CON vs. BAS steers on d 7 (treatment × day; P = 0.07). Incidence of BRD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in BAS vs. CON on d 6 to 10 and d 18 to 21 (treatment × day; P < 0.01), although overall BRD incidence did not differ (P = 0.24) between treatments. The number of antimicrobial treatments required per steer diagnosed with BRD symptoms to recover from sickness was greater (P = 0.04) in CON vs. BAS calves. No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.41) for mortality incidence, or proportion of steers removed from the experiment due to extreme sickness. Results from this experiment indicate BAS administration upon feedlot entry improved average daily gain by enhancing feed efficiency. Administration of BAS facilitated earlier detection of BRD and reduced the need for antimicrobial treatments. Collectively, these results suggest BAS administration as a promising strategy to benefit performance and immunocompetence of feedlot receiving cattle.

TRITICALE IN DIETS FOR YOUNG DAIRY CALVES

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Meal Effect ◽  
Low Levels

A study was conducted to compare feed intake and growth rate of young dairy calves receiving two levels of triticale (27.5 and 55% of a complete ration) with calves receiving barley diets supplemented with urea or soybean meal. Effect of pelleting the 55% triticale diet was also examined. Each experimental diet was fed to 10 dairy calves (five bulls and five heifers) from birth. Experimental diets were fed free choice throughout. Triticale (1967 crop) at both levels reduced weight gain and feed intake relative to the control diets; however, there was little effect on feed efficiency. Low levels of ergot contamination of the triticale may have played a role in feed intake depression. Pelleting the 55% triticale diet resulted in reduced feed intake, similar weight gain and increased feed efficiency. Rations containing urea resulted in reduced rumen levels of isobutyric acid.

scholarly journals 147 Effects of added dietary Zn and Cu or an essential oils blend in a nursery feeding program

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
Robyn Thompson ◽  
Brandon Knopf ◽  
Laura Greiner ◽  
Jon R Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Approximately 1,200 weaned pigs (8.8 ± 1 kg; Camborough×337, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were used to evaluate the effects of a blend of essential oils compared to therapeutic programs [negative control (NC), Carbodox (NC + 55 ppm Mecadox, Phibro, Teaneck, NJ; MX), added ZnO and CuSO4 (NC + 2,000 ppm Zn and 150 ppm Cu in P1 and 150 ppm Cu in P2; ZnCu), and essential oils blend (NC + 0.4% Victus Liv, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ; VL)]. Pigs were allotted to the treatments 10 d after weaning. Treatments occurred over 2 phases: 14 d (P1) and 21 d (P2). Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (F:G) were evaluated. Data were analyzed as a CRD using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit and treatment as main effect. During P1, pigs fed MX or ZnCu had increased ADG compared with NC (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) and VL (P = 0.007 and P = 0.018, respectively). Pigs fed MX, VL, or ZnCu had improved F:G compared to NC (P < 0.0001, P = 0.04, and P = 0.001, respectively). In P2, ZnCu or MX increased ADG compared to VL (P = 0.03, P = 0.06, respectively) and ZnCu tended to increase ADG compared to NC (P = 0.07). Overall (d 0 to 35), VL tended to decrease the percent removals compared with NC (P = 0.07). In conclusion, feeding MX or ZnCu improved ADG and F:G and diets with VL resulted in the least removals.

scholarly journals PSVII-14 Performance and health responses of feedlot cattle consuming different feed additives during a 45-day receiving period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Jacob Wiegand ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
To Receive

Abstract This experiment compared performance and health responses of feedlot cattle consuming different feed additives during a 45-d receiving period. Angus-influenced steers (n = 256) were purchased from a commercial auction yard, and road-transported (12 h) to the experimental feedyard on d -1. Upon arrival, body weight (BW) was recorded and steers were ranked by BW into 1 or 18 drylot pens (14 or 15 steers/pen). Pens were randomly assigned to receive RAMP® from d 0 to d 45 with the inclusion of: 1) Rumensin + Tylan (Elanco Animal Health; Greenfield, IN; 360 mg and 90 mg per animal/daily, respectively; RT), 2) Rumensin + Celmanax + Certillus (Church and Dwight Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ; 18 g and 28 per animal/daily, respectively; RCC), or Celmanax + Certillus (18 g and 28 per animal/daily, respectively; CC). Feed intake during the initial 21 d of the experiment was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in CC vs. RCC and RT. No treatment effects were detected for steer BW gain and feed efficiency (P ≥ 0.41). Total incidence of steers treated for respiratory disease did not differ between treatments (77.9, 82.3, and 80.0%, respectively, P = 0.77). Removal of steers from the experiment due to extreme morbidity of mortality was greater (P = 0.02) in RT vs. CC, and intermediate for RCC (22.4, 7.0, and 12.9%, respectively). Accordingly, total liveweight per pen on d 45 was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CC and RCC vs. RT (3.79, 3.61, and 3.20 ton, respectively). Inclusion of CC into a receiving diet improved initial feed intake compared with ionophore-containing diets, but without changing steer performance. Moreover, CC and RCC resulted in improved health responses during the 45-d receiving period compared with the traditional RT receiving diet. These results suggest that CC ingredients improved intake and immunocompetence of receiving cattle.

scholarly journals 266 Administering an appeasing substance to beef calves at weaning to optimize welfare and productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 194-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Bruna Rett ◽  
Vitor Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment evaluated the impacts of bovine appeasing substance (BAS) administration on performance, behavioral, and physiological responses of beef calves upon weaning. Eighty Angus-influenced calves (40 heifers, 40 steers) were weaned at 233 ± 2 d of age (d 0), ranked by age and body weight (BW), and assigned to receive BAS (Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil; n = 40) or placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n = 40). Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal. Within treatment, calves were allocated to 1 of 8 drylot pens (4 pens/treatment) and received a free-choice total mixed ration (TMR) from d 0 to 42, intake of which was assessed daily. On d 0, calves were fitted with a pedometer behind their right shoulder, and pedometer results were recorded weekly during the experiment (d 0 to 42) concurrently with full BW collection and temperament evaluation. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42, and hair samples were collected from the tail switch on d 0, 14, 28, and 42. Average daily gain from d 0 to 42 did not differ between treatments (P = 0.52), but was greater (P = 0.05) in BAS vs. CON calves from d 0 to 28. Intake of TMR was greater during the first week for BAS vs. CON calves (P = 0.05), and similar (P ≥ 0.44) from wk 2 to 6 (treatment × week; P = 0.08). Exit velocity was greater (P = 0.03) for CON vs. BAS calves on d 14 and tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for CON vs. BAS calves on d 7 (treatment × day; P = 0.04). Physical activity was greater for CON vs. BAS calves on d 1 (P &lt; 0.01), but greater (P = 0.01) in BAS vs. CON on d 2 (treatment × day; P = 0.01). Mean plasma concentrations of haptoglobin were greater (P = 0.03) in CON vs. BAS calves during the experiment. Hair cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.0 5) in CON vs. BAS calves on d 14 (treatment × day interaction; P = 0.03). Results from this experiment indicate BAS calves habituated to their environment more rapidly through increased physical activity, which facilitated a lessened stress response associated with weaning, and accelerated adaptation to a novel environment. This was manifested through improved TMR intake and BW gain during the initial period of the experiment. Collectively, results suggest use of BAS as a strategy to improve calf welfare and productivity upon weaning.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Limbah Feses Sapi sebagai Pembuatan Pakan Pelet terhadap Pertambahan Berat Badan Ikan Lele Dumbo

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 746-757
Author(s):  
Zulhelmi Zulhelmi ◽  
M. Aman Yaman ◽  
Cut Aida Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cattle Feces ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pellet Feed

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah asal feses sapi sebagai bahan pembuatan pakan pelet guna memacu pertumbuhan ikan Lele Dumbo.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Station Riset II (dua) Ie Suum, UPT. University Farm, Aceh Besar,  tanggal 22 Mei‒14 Agustus 2016. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Setiap ulangan merupakan unit percobaan, masing-masing terdiri dari 50 ekor ikan Lele Dumbo. Perlakuan menggunakan pakan komersil ikan 781 Hiprovite yang disubtitusikan dengan pakan pelet organik. Parameter yang diamati adalah berat badan, pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, efisiensi pakan, kelangsungan hidup, dan kualitas air (pH, suhu, kelembaban, cahaya). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pakan limbah asal feses sapi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0.01), terhadap berat badan, pertambahan berat badan, dan konsumsi ransum ikan Lele Dumbo, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0,05)  terhadap konversi dan efisiensi pakan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pakan pelet organik asal feses sapi dapat memacu pertumbuhan ikan Lele Dumbo. Utilization of Cattle Feces as Materials for Pellet Feed to The Weight Gain of Catfish Abstract. The aim of present study was to utilizase cattle feces as materials for making organic pellet feed to improve the growth of catfish.  The study was conducted  in Station Research II (two) Ie Seum Unit, University Farm, Aceh Besar, May 22-August 14, 2016. The study was designed into completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. Each relication was an experimental unit consisting of 50 catfishes.The treatment was substition of commercial feed fish (781 Hiprovite) with  organic pellet feed with the level of 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively.  Parameters  measured were body weight, feed intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency,  livebility, and water quality  (pH, temperature, moisture, light). The results of study showed that administration of organic pellet feed  affected highly significant (P0.01) on body weight, body weight gain and feed intake of catfish. However, there were no significant effect (P0.05) on feed conversion and feed efficiency.  It was concluded that the organic pellet feed composed mainly from cattle feces could  improve the growth of catfish

scholarly journals RAPID COMMUNICATION: Residual feed intake in beef cattle is associated with differences in protein turnover and nutrient transporters in ruminal epithelium

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181-2187
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Elolimy ◽  
Emad Abdel-Hamied ◽  
Liangyu Hu ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
Daniel W Shike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium

Abstract Residual feed intake (RFI) is a widely used measure of feed efficiency in cattle. Although the precise biologic mechanisms associated with improved feed efficiency are not well-known, most-efficient steers (i.e., with low RFI coefficient) downregulate abundance of proteins controlling protein degradation in skeletal muscle. Whether cellular mechanisms controlling protein turnover in ruminal tissue differ by RFI classification is unknown. The aim was to investigate associations between RFI and signaling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in ruminal epithelium. One hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to 3 contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were offered a finishing diet for 70 d to calculate the RFI coefficient for each. Within each group, the 2 most-efficient (n = 6) and least-efficient animals (n = 6) were selected. Compared with least-efficient animals, the most-efficient animals consumed less feed (P &lt; 0.05; 18.36 vs. 23.39 kg/d DMI). At day 70, plasma samples were collected for insulin concentration analysis. Ruminal epithelium was collected immediately after slaughter to determine abundance and phosphorylation status of 29 proteins associated with MTOR, ubiquitin-proteasome, insulin signaling, and glucose and amino acid transport. Among the proteins involved in cellular protein synthesis, most-efficient animals had lower (P ≤ 0.05) abundance of MTOR, p-MTOR, RPS6KB1, EIF2A, EEF2K, AKT1, and RPS6KB1, whereas MAPK3 tended (P = 0.07) to be lower. In contrast, abundance of p-EEF2K, p-EEF2K:EEF2K, and p-EIF2A:EIF2A in most-efficient animals was greater (P ≤ 0.05). Among proteins catalyzing steps required for protein degradation, the abundance of UBA1, NEDD4, and STUB1 was lower (P ≤ 0.05) and MDM2 tended (P = 0.06) to be lower in most-efficient cattle. Plasma insulin and ruminal epithelium insulin signaling proteins did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between RFI groups. However, abundance of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter SLC2A4 and the amino acid transporters SLC1A3 and SLC1A5 also was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in most-efficient cattle. Overall, the data indicate that differences in signaling mechanisms controlling protein turnover and nutrient transport in ruminal epithelium are components of feed efficiency in beef cattle.

scholarly journals PSV-18 The role of leptin in feed efficiency and behavior attributes of commercial beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
Nayan Bhowmik ◽  
Kris A Ringwall ◽  
Carl R Dahlen ◽  
Kendall C Swanson ◽  
Jeffrey A Clapper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Abstract Leptin is a 16-kDa-peptide hormone product of the leptin gene (LEP) that is predominantly synthesized by adipose tissues and has known involvement in regulation of feed intake, energy expenditure, reproduction, and immune functions. The objective was to determine the association of leptin genotype (LEP c.73C &gt;T), leptin diplotype (LEPD) and plasma leptin hormone (LEPH) concentration with growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, and behavior characteristics in developing beef heifers. A total of 336 commercial beef heifers were genotyped for the LEP c.73C &gt;T marker. Four single nucleotide polymorphism markers including LEP c.73C &gt;T, ARS-BFGL-NGS-59298 (intron 1), BovineHD0400026029 (upstream) and BovineHD0400026063 (downstream) of LEP were considered for haplotype analysis. Eleven LEPD were identified for this study using parsimony-based analyses. Circulating levels of LEPH were measured on 333 heifers prior to their first breeding season and used to assign low or high concentration group based on population median. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS for repeated measures, fixed effects of ancestral breed group (n = 4), dam age category (n = 4), frame size group (n = 4), project cycle nested within birth year (n = 6), week of feed trial × year, LEP (n = 3) or LEPD (n = 11) or LEPH (n = 2), as well as week × LEPH (only for LEPH). There were no significant differences between LEP genotypes (P ≥ 0.11) or LEPD (P ≥ 0.33) for any of the studied traits. Heifers with low LEPH ate fewer meals per day (P = 0.02) and had more DMI per meal (P = 0.04) compared to those with high plasma leptin. Further research is needed to better understand plasma LEPH concentration and its role in feeding behavior attributes. However, circulatory LEPH before the breeding season may serve as a predictor for feeding behavior.

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