33 Comparison of Monensin Sodium Sources for Finishing Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Taylor C Husz ◽  
Wyatt Smith ◽  
Caleb Lockard ◽  
Megan Homolka ◽  
Pete Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fluid Collections

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestive characteristics of ruminally cannulated beef steers consuming a steam-flaked corn (SFC) or dry-rolled corn (DRC) based diet containing either Rumensin 90 (R) or Monovet 90 (MV). Six ruminally fistulated steers (657.7 kg ± 72.6) housed individually were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with a factorial treatment arrangement. Each of the 6 periods were 15 d with 14 d for diet adaptation and 1 d of rumen fluid collections. Six 15-d periods consisted of 14 d diet adaptation prior to rumen fluid collections. Dietary treatments were DRC without monensin sodium (DRC-C), SFC without monensin sodium (SFC-C), DRC with Rumensin 90 (DRC-R), DRC with Monovet 90 (DRC-MV), SFC with Rumensin 90 (SFC-R), and SFC with Monovet 90 (SFC-MV). Rumen contents and fluid were collected through the fistula of each animal at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h on d 15 of each period. Rumen fluid was collected 6 h postfeeding each period for in vitro analyses. Steer was the experimental unit and the model included fixed effects of grain processing, additive, and grain processing × additive. Total gas produced was composited from each in vitro bottle into a gas collection bag for the 48-h determination of methane concentration. No differences were detected for DMI (P = 0.81). Ruminal pH did not differ for the control or additive treatments (P = 0.33). However, ruminal pH was lower (P < 0.01) with SFC relative to DRC There was a significant difference in acetate to propionate ratio for both additive (P = 0.04) and grain type (P ≤ 0.01). Additive inclusion reduced methane proportion of total gas relative to control treatments (P ≤ 0.01). Monensin sodium reduced methane concentration though source had no effect on DMI or ruminal pH.

scholarly journals Comparison of monensin sodium sources for finishing beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor C Husz ◽  
Wyatt N Smith ◽  
Caleb G Lockard ◽  
Megan N Homolka ◽  
Peter T Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the ruminal fermentation characteristics of ruminally fistulated beef steers consuming a steam-flaked corn (SFC) or dry-rolled corn (DRC) based diet containing either Rumensin 90 (RUM; Elanco, Greenfield, IN), or Monovet 90 (MV; Huvepharma, Peachtree City, GA). Six ruminally fistulated steers (657.7 kg ± 72.6) housed individually were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement. Each of the 6 periods were 15 d with 14 d for diet adaptation and 1 d of rumen fluid collections. Dietary treatments were DRC without monensin sodium (DRC-C), SFC without monensin sodium (SFC-C), DRC with Rumensin 90 (DRC-R), DRC with Monovet 90 (DRC-MV), SFC with Rumensin 90 (SFC-R), and SFC with Monovet 90 (SFC-MV). Rumen contents and fluid were collected through the fistula of each animal at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h on d 15 of each period. Rumen fluid collected at 6 h post-feeding each period was used for in vitro analyses. Steer was the experimental unit and the model included fixed effects of grain processing, additive, and grain processing × additive. Total gas produced was composited from each in vitro bottle into a gas collection bag for the 48-h determination of methane concentration. No differences were detected for DMI (P = 0.81). Ruminal pH did not differ for the control or additive treatments (P = 0.33). However, ruminal pH was lower (P < 0.01) with SFC compared to DRC. There was a significant difference in acetate to propionate ratio for grain type (P = 0.01) and a tendency for additive inclusion (P = 0.06). Additive inclusion reduced methane proportion of total gas compared to control treatments (P ≤ 0.01). Overall, monensin sodium reduced methane concentration though source had no effect on DMI or ruminal pH.

scholarly journals PSXIV-41 Warm-season annual or perennial hay fed to growing beef steers with or without dried distillers grains supplementation: ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, and feeding behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Joel D Sugg ◽  
Carly A Hoffmann ◽  
Lucas B Kondratovich
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ruminal Digestion

Abstract The effects of hay type and protein supplementation on intake, feeding behavior, nutrient digestion, and ruminal digestion characteristics were evaluated. Ruminally cannulated Angus beef steers (n = 6; BW = 304 kg ± 11 kg) were randomly assigned within a sequence of treatments using a 4 × 6 unbalanced Latin square design (6 steers; and 4 diets; fed once-daily). A 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement was used as follows: 1) ‘WW-B. Dahl’ Old World bluestem [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake; WWBD or Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter; TEFF); and 2) dried distillers grain (DDGS) at 0 or 0.5% BW. Each period consisted of a 14-d of adaptation and 7-d collection. Steers were observed (5-min intervals, 24 h) for behavioral assessment; while ruminal pH was continuously measured (wireless pH probe), and ruminal fluid collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 h after-feeding. Steers fed TEFF hay and those fed DDGS (both, P = 0.04) had greater DMI compared to WWBD and not supplemented. Chewing activity did not differ (P ≥ 0.54). Non-supplemented steers spent more time eating hay (P < 0.01) than supplemented steers. Average ruminal pH of TEFF (6.32) was lower (P > 0.01) than WWBD (6.56). Non-supplemented steers produced less in vitro total gas and methane (both, P = 0.02) per g rumen fluid DM. The VFA profile was not affected (P ≥ 0.45) by treatments. Apparent total-tract digestibility and ruminal degradation (P ≤ 0.01) were greater with TEFF fed steers than WWBD. Hemicellulose digestion was reduced by 6.95% (P = 0.03) with DDGS supplementation. An annual hay in place of a conventional perennial hay improved intake, ruminal digestion of nutrients, without affecting feeding behavior, while supplementation with DDGS reduced forage intake time and quantity, without negatively affecting ruminal fiber digestion.

scholarly journals 49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Noheli Gutierrez ◽  
Jamie A Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

Effects of roughage type on particle separation, rumination, fiber mat characteristics, in situ degradation, and ruminal fermentation parameters in beef steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L Lockard ◽  
Caleb G Lockard ◽  
Wyatt N Smith ◽  
Kendall J Karr ◽  
Ben P Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Six ruminally cannulated steers (average BW = 791 + 71 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment to determine the effects of roughage type on rumination, fiber mat characteristics, and rumen fermentation variables. Three roughages were included at 7% (DM basis) in a steam flaked corn-based diet; cotton burrs (CB), wheat silage (WS), or corn stalks (CS). Steers were fitted with a sensory collar to record rumination behaviors in 2-h intervals at the beginning of the experiment. Each 30-d period consisted of a 7-d of recovery, 14-d of diet adaptation, 7-d of rumination data collection (daily and bi-hourly average rumination), 1-d of rumen fluid collection, and 1-d of rumen evacuations. In situ degradation of individual roughages was determined for 4-d after period 3 evacuations. During rumen evacuations, ruminal contents were removed; the rumen fiber mat (RF) was separated from the liquid portion with a 2 mm sieve, weighed, and a subsample was dried. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with steer as the experimental unit and roughage (CB, WS, and CS) as the main effect. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not different for CB and WS (P = 0.25) and greatest for steers consuming CS diet (P  < 0.01). Roughage type did not influence the weight of the RF dry matter (%; DM; P = 0.92), RF weight (P = 0.69), or RF:DMI ratio (P = 0.29). Daily rumination (min/d) did not differ among roughages (P = 0.40), but min of rumination/kg of DMI was greatest for CS (18.0 min), min/kg of NDF was greatest for WS (89.8 min; P = 0.02), and min/kg of peNDF was greatest for CS (132.4 min; P  < 0.01). Wheat silage had the greatest percentage of soluble DM and CB-R and CS-R (P  < 0.01) had the greatest ruminal degraded DM fraction. Rumen fiber mat did not differ for roughages, although rumination min/kg of DMI and peNDF was greatest for steers consuming CS and WS. In situ degradation determined that CB-R and CS-R had the greatest percentage of ruminal degraded DM. Based on the objective of the experiment, roughage type did not influence daily rumination or fiber mat characteristics.

scholarly journals Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

scholarly journals 409 Effects of essential oils on in vitro ruminal fermentation using a high-concentrate substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 165-165
Author(s):  
Nadira J Espinoza-Rock ◽  
Andrea O Doblado ◽  
Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios ◽  
Evandro Dias ◽  
Michael Sandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Cinnamic Aldehyde ◽  
Garlic Oil

Abstract A randomized complete block design was used to determine the effects of 4 concentrations of 4 essential oils (EO) on in vitro ruminal fermentation variables. In vitro fermentation consisted of 0.7 g of high concentrate substrate (86.7% DM) and 50 mL of 2:1 buffer:ruminal fluid inoculum incubated for 24 h for each batch (n = 3; separate days) Treatments were arranged as a 4 × 5 factorial. Factors included 4 EO (eugenol, cinnamic aldehyde, anethole, and garlic oil) at 5 concentrations (0, 10, 75, 200, and 400 mg/L of inoculum). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effects of EO, concentration, and their interaction, and random effect of day (block). Batch was considered the experimental unit. There was an interaction (P < 0.001) for total gas production, where a cubic effect (P ≤ 0.041) was observed for eugenol, cinnamic aldehyde, and anethole, and a quadratic effect (P = 0.001) was observed for garlic oil. No interactions (P > 0.05) were observed for in vitro OM digestibility (IVOMD) or CH4 production. There was an effect of EO (P < 0.001) on IVOMD, where eugenol reduced (P ≤ 0.007) digestibility compared with anethole and garlic oil, which promoted the greatest (P ≤ 0.029) IVOMD. Methane production (mmol/g OM fermented) was affected by EO (P < 0.001), where it was decreased (P ≤ 0.001) by garlic oil compared with all other EO. There was an interaction (P < 0.001) for H2S production (µmol/g OM fermented), where it was linearly decreased (P = 0.003) and linearly increased (P < 0.001) as concentrations of eugenol and garlic oil increased, respectively. These EO had contradictory impacts on in vitro ruminal fermentation, thus combining them could potentially improve multiple aspects of in vitro and in vivo fermentation.

scholarly journals 79 Effect of source and dietary concentration of trace minerals on serum mineral status, ruminal pH, and ruminal volatile fatty acids in lactating Holstein dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Nicole T Briggs ◽  
Bayissa Hatew ◽  
Michael A Steele
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Dietary Concentration

Abstract Inorganic sources of trace minerals are commonly supplemented in dairy cow diets; however, there has been an increase in the supplementation of minerals complexed with organic compounds. These organic trace minerals are thought to have greater bioavailability which may enhance rumen fermentation and absorption. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary concentration and source of supplemental trace minerals on serum trace mineral status and rumen fermentation. Six lactating Holstein cows were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with a 23-day adaptation and 5-day experimental period. Cows were fed the same basal diet daily except for the difference in source [organic (ORG) versus inorganic (INO)] and concentration (50%, 100%, and 200% based on NRC recommendations) of trace mineral supplemented. During the experimental period feed intake and blood were collected daily. Rumen fluid was collected on the final two days of the experimental period. Data was analyzed with PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. Dry matter intake (18.1 ± 0.70 kg), serum mineral concentrations (Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn), and rumen pH (6.5 ± 0.64) did not differ among the treatments. However, serum concentration of Co was higher in 200% ORG compared to 50% and 100% INO and 50% ORG. Ruminal concentration of acetate was higher in 50% and 100% ORG compared to 200% ORG. Butyrate ruminal concentration was higher at 50% ORG compared to 200% ORG. Ruminal propionate concentration was higher in 50% INO and 50% ORG compared to 100% INO and 200% ORG. These findings demonstrate serum trace mineral status and ruminal pH are not tightly controlled by the source of trace minerals when supplemented at 50%, 100% and 200% of the NRC recommendations, however rumen fermentation may be affected by the dietary concentration of trace minerals in the diet.

Differences between the in vitro digestibility of extrusa collected from oesophageal fistulated steers and the forage consumed

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Coates ◽  
Robert J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C3 Grasses

In a study that included C4 tropical grasses, C3 temperate grasses and C3 pasture legumes, in vitro dry matter digestibility of extrusa, measured as in vitro dry matter loss (IVDML) during incubation, compared with that of the forage consumed, was greater for grass extrusa but not for legume extrusa. The increase in digestibility was not caused by mastication or by the freezing of extrusa samples during storage but by the action of saliva. Comparable increases in IVDML were achieved merely by mixing bovine saliva with ground forage samples. Differences were greater than could be explained by increases due to completely digestible salivary DM. There was no significant difference between animals in relation to the saliva effect on IVDML and, except for some minor differences, similar saliva effects on IVDML were measured using either the pepsin–cellulase or rumen fluid–pepsin in vitro techniques. For both C4 and C3 grasses the magnitude of the differences were inversely related to IVDML of the feed and there was little or no difference between extrusa and feed at high digestibilities (>70%) whereas differences of more than 10 percentage units were measured on low quality grass forages. The data did not suggest that the extrusa or saliva effect on digestibility was different for C3 grasses than for C4 grasses but data on C3 grasses were limited to few species and to high digestibility samples. For legume forages there was no saliva effect when the pepsin–cellulase method was used but there was a small but significant positive effect using the rumen fluid–pepsin method. It was concluded that when samples of extrusa are analysed using in vitro techniques, predicted in vivo digestibility of the feed consumed will often be overestimated, especially for low quality grass diets. The implications of overestimating in vivo digestibility and suggestions for overcoming such errors are discussed.

scholarly journals 223 Effects of high protein DDGS in SFC or DRC-based diets on nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Lauren Ovinge ◽  
Mitch Norman ◽  
Kaylee Wheeler ◽  
Galen E Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Treatment Design

Abstract The effect of high protein dried distillers grains plus solubles in steam flaked corn (SFC) or dry rolled corn (DRC)-based diets on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion was evaluated. Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated heifers were utilized in a 6×6 Latin Square experiment using a 2×3 factorial treatment design. One factor was SFC or DRC-based diets, and the other factor was a control with no DGS (CON), regularly produced DDGS (DDGS), or High Protein DDGS (HiPro) included at 30% in the diet (DM basis). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with individual steer within period as the experimental unit. There was an interaction of apparent total tract starch digestibility (P 0.01), as including either DDGS or HiPro reduced starch digestibility in DRC-based diets and tended (P = 0.06) to reduce starch digestibility in SFC-based diets. Digestibility of starch was greater (P < 0.01) for SFC versus DRC-based diets across distillers treatments. Dry matter and OM apparent total tract digestibility was lowest (P < 0.01) for HiPro and DDGS was intermediate. There was no difference in molar acetate proportions (P > 0.43) between treatments. Dry rolled corn tended (P = 0.08) to have greater propionate proportion than SFC (44 vs 38%; respectively). Ammonia concentration was greater (P < 0.01) for DRC-based diets, and greatest for CON (P < 0.01) over DDGS and HiPro treatments. Average ruminal pH was unaffected by treatment (P > 0.16). Digestible energy (Mcal/kg) tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for CON over HiPro and DDGS. The use of HiPro did not affect apparent total tract nutrient digestibility as compared to DDGS in SFC or DRC-based diets. The use of either distillers product did result in a reduction in energy intake and digestibility, without affecting ruminal metabolic parameters.

scholarly journals Fermentabilitas Pakan dengan Imbuhan Ekstrak Daun Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides) dan Jahe (Zingiber officinale) pada Sapi Perah Secara In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novia Sri Hapsari ◽  
Dian Wahyu Harjanti ◽  
Anis Muktiani
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Enhanced Production

ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun babadotan dan jahe terhadap fermentabilitas pakan dalam rumen sapi perah dilihat dari pH, Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) total, konsentrasi asetat, butirat, propionat, NH3, total protein dan CH4. Materi penelitian berupa cairan rumen sapi perah, ekstrak daun babadotan dan jahe serta ransum kontrol. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan meliputi ransum kontrol (T1), T1 + ekstrak daun babadotan 0,005 ml (T2), T1 + ekstrak jahe 0,005 ml (T3), T1 + ekstrak daun babadotan 0,0025 ml + ekstrak jahe 0,0025 ml (T4). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dilanjutkan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan seluruh perlakuan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pH dan protein total namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap VFA total (P0,05), dan sangat nyata terhadap konsentrasi asetat, propionat, butirat, NH3 dan CH4 (P0,01). Rata-rata keseluruhan kelompok perlakuan memiliki pH 6,9; protein total 167,779 mg/g. Konsentrasi VFA total dan NH3 terbaik pada T4 (195 mM dan 8,64 mM); konsentrasi asetat, propionat, butirat terbaik pada T3 (18,51; 5,03; 1,91 mMol/l) dan peningkatan konsentrasi CH4 terkecil pada T3 (16,53%). Berdasarkan penelitian disimpulkan bahwa seluruh perlakuan tidak mengganggu fermentasi rumen meskipun nilai CH4 meningkat, pemberian kombinasi ekstrak mampu meningkatkan fermentabilitas pakan, dilihat dari peningkatan VFA total dan NH3.(Fermentability of feed supplemented with Ageratum conyzoides leaves and Zingiber officinale extracts on in vitro dairy cow)ABSTRACT. The research was aimed to determine the effects of Ageratum conyzoides leaves (AC) and Zingiber officinale (ZO) extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation of dairy cow. Materials used were the rumen fluid and the ethanol extract of AC leaves and ZO. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were control (T1), T1 + AC 0,005 ml (T2), T1 + ZO 0,005 ml (T3), and T1 + AC 0,0025 ml + ZO 0,0025 ml (T4). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued by Duncan test. The results showed that both AC and ZO supplementation affected total VFA (P0,05), acetate, propionate, butyrate, NH3 and CH4 concentrations (P0,01). However, the ruminal pH and total protein production concentrations were not affected by the supplementation of either AC or ZO alone. The average of all treatment group is ruminal pH was 6.9; and total protein was 167,779 mg/g. The treatments T3 groups had the highest acetate, propionate, butyrate concentrations (18,51; 5,03; 1,91 mMol/l) and had the lowest CH4 (16,53%). T4 treament groups had the highest VFA and NH3 concentrations (195,00 mM and 8,64 mM). In conclusion, the suplementation of both AC and ZO did not adversely affect the ruminal fermentation, although CH4 concentrations increased. Moreover, supplementing both herbals in the diets could improve the fermentability of rumen, indicated by the enhanced production of VFA and NH3.

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