358 Effect of Molasses Type on Pre-weaning Lamb and Ewe Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
Patricia L Harrelson ◽  
Flint W Harrelson ◽  
Montana Runnels ◽  
Audrey Reed
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Lamb Growth

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of form of molasses on lamb and ewe performance. Creep feeding of lambs is essential to lamb growth, rumen development, and reduction of milk production from dams. Molasses is often added for increased palatability and energy. Crossbred lambs (n = 47; average age = 30 d) and their accompanying dams (n= 35) were assigned to one of two treatments using a completely randomized design with similar distributions of single and twin-born lambs and sexes. Treatment diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and contained either wet (WMOL) or dry (DMOL) molasses. Dry molasses was added at 10% of the diet DM, whereas, wet molasses was added at 14.3% of the diet DM. Lambs were fed creep rations for 42 d prior to weaning. Creep feed was provided ad libitum and mixed grass hay was offered free-choice. Lamb weights were recorded weekly until weaning (d 42) and ewe BCS was measured at d 0 and d 42 (weaning). Overall lamb ADG was comparable (DMOL = 0.268 kg/hd, WMOL = 0.293 kg/hd; P = 0.30). Lamb weaning weights were similar between DMOL and WMOL (DMOL = 27.9 kg; WMOL = 27.5; P = 0.79). Ewe BCS was similar (P = 0.88) between DMOL and WMOL at 1.4 and 1.4, respectively. Estimated creep intake was calculated based upon total consumption following the end of the project and was found to be similar between treatments (DMOL = 0.54 kg/hd/d; WMOL = 0.59 kg/hd/d). Lamb pre-weaning growth and ewe performance was similar between DMOL and WMOL. Further research is needed to further explore the economic impact and use post-weaning.

scholarly journals Quantitative and qualitative feed restriction for broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e339101220447
Author(s):  
Thiago de Sousa Melo ◽  
José Humberto Vilar da Silva ◽  
José Jordão Filho ◽  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Patrícia Emília Naves Givisiez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Economical Alternative

The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of five feed restriction programs (FRP) on broiler performance and carcass yield. 425 Cobb 500® broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with five FRPs and five replicates with 17 broilers. The FRPs were: Program 1 (P1): consumption ad libitum (AL) of control diet from 14 to 42 days; P2: quantitative restriction (QTR) of 10% of AL consumption from 14 to 28 days and AL consumption from 29 to 42 days; P3: AL consumption from 14 to 28 days and QTR from 29 to 42 days; P4: qualitative restriction (QLR) of 10% of the level of crude protein and essential amino acids from 14 to 28 days and AL consumption from 29 to 42 days; and P5: AL consumption from 14 to 28 days and QLR from 29 to 42 days. The broilers of the AL treatment gained more weight (p≤0.01), but had a similar FCR (P>0.05) compared to broilers submitted to QTR from 29 to 42 days. In addition, broilers fed QTR from 14 to 28 days presented a lower FI and a better FCR (p≤0.01) in relation to broilers fed QLR of 14 to 28 (P4) and 29 to 42 days (P5). The broilers fed QTR of 14 to 28 days diet presented a similar FCR as broilers fed AL. The 10% reduction in AL consumption of 14 to 28 d is a viable economical alternative to feed broilers up to 42 days of age.

scholarly journals Carcass and organ characteristics of finishing broilers fed diets containing probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
J.I. Ugwuoke ◽  
O.R. Okwesili ◽  
C.E. Dim ◽  
M.N. Okonkwo ◽  
H.M. Ndofor-Foleng
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

A five-week study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of S. cerevisiae on carcass and organ characteristics of finishing broilers. One hundred and twenty 4-weeks old broilers of cobb strain were randomly assigned to four treatments (T1 = 0.6 g Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) kg–1 diet; T2 = 0.8 g SC kg–1 diet; T3 = 1.0 g SC kg–1 diet and T4 = 0.0 g SC kg–1 diet) with 30 birds per treatment and replicated twice with 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Feed and water were provided ad libitum to the birds in a deep litter system. In the end, data on growth, carcass and organ indices generated from the study were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) among the treatments in the birds’ growth performance indices. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the birds’ values for liver weight, heart weight, shank length and thigh length with birds in T3 recording highest values of 61.30 g, 16.93 g and 12.00 cm for liver weight, heart weight and thigh length, respectively. It was thus concluded that finishing broilers fed 1.0 g of S. cerevisiae had superior carcass and organ characteristics than birds on the control and lower levels of inclusion.

scholarly journals Preferences of Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy, Lac, 1801.), Walking Catfish (Clarias sp.) and Red Nile (Oreochromis sp.) on Natural Feed in Fish Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Dea Nafila ◽  
Rustadi Rustadi ◽  
Djumanto Djumanto
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Aquaculture System ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture ◽  
Pellet Feed

The aim of this study was to determine the preference for plankton as natural feed by giant gourami, walking catfish, and red nile on intensive aquaculture system. The study was designed using Completely Randomized Design (RAL), with two replications. Each fish was kept in six concrete tanks with dimension 2x2x1 m³ and 60 cm water level. Water source were from wells. Commercial pellet feed was given in three times daily ad libitum. Water samples were filtered and two individual fish were collected for plankton samples from pond water and alimentary canal, respectively, every two week, simultaneously with water quality measurements. Plankton samples were preserved using 5% formaldehyde and was observed under a compound light microscope with 100x magnification. The amount of plankton in the alimentary canal was converted to volume. Data were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the volume contents proportion of plankton in the alimentary canal was less than 1%. The volume of plankton proportion in the alimentary canal of red nile were found the most than other fish. Each fish had the same preference of plankton of Lepocinclis and Scenedesmus, but different from other species of plankton. The plankton that utilized by giant gouramy were Crucigenia, Diadesmis and Navicula, whereas walking catfish was Pediastrum, and red nile was Microcystis. The plankton that preferred by giant gouramy were Crucigenia, Oscillatoria, Splirullina, and Synedra, walking catfish was Navicula, while red nile were Chrysamoeba and Tintinnidium.

scholarly journals Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Fresh Water Snail (Pila ampullacea) Shell Ash on the Performance of Weaned Rabbits

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
F. B. P. Abang ◽  
S. S. Emmanuel ◽  
S. Attah
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Fresh Water Snail ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Twenty five weaned male rabbits of mixed breeds were used to investigate the effect of replacing bone ash with fresh water snail shell ash on the performance of weaned rabbits. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria for a period of 12 weeks. The rabbits were randomly assigned to the five dietary treatments and replicated five times giving a total of one rabbit per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Rabbits were raised intensively in hutches of about 4ft × 4ft. Five experimental diets tagged T1 to T5 were formulated such that fresh water snail shell ash replaced bone ash at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Feed and water were served ad libitum. Bio sanitary and bio security measures were strictly adhered. The study showed that the growth parameters were not affected (P=.05) by the dietary treatments. This study had shown that fresh water snail shell ash can serve as a substitute for bone ash in weaned rabbits diet up to 100% without compromising their performances.

PSIV-B-23 Late-Breaking: Detection of dietary external markers using portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for estimation of digestibility in beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 322-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhones O Sarturi ◽  
Michael D Sandes ◽  
Carly A Hoffmann ◽  
Darren D Henry ◽  
David Weindorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The use of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry to detect dietary external markers on processed or unprocessed bovine fecal specimens to estimate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was evaluated. Seven beef crossbred, ruminally-cannulated steers (BW = 520 ± 30 kg) were used in a completely randomized design. Steers were individually fed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet ad libitum for 21-d. Degradable gel capsules containing 7.5 g of titanium dioxide and chromic oxide were placed inside the rumen through the ruminal-cannulae twice daily, throughout the experiment. Fecal samples were collected twice daily from d 14–21, stored frozen (-20oC), and thawed on d-21 to make a composite sample per steer/day. Wet chemistry analyses of fecal samples included atomic absorption for Cr and spectrophotometry for TiO2 and were compared with PXRF to determine the concentration of these markers on three types of fecal specimens: fresh (average 22.5 % DM), dried (60oC, 72 h), or dried/ground (1 mm). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedures of SAS with collection day as a repeated measure. Delta between ATTD estimated by wet chemistry and PXRF was not different from zero when using fresh fecal specimens analyzed for Cr (P = 0.40) or Ti (P = 0.14), while for dried or dried/ground specimens it differed (P ≤ 0.04), in which ATTD was underestimated by 3.6 and 1.1 percent units for Cr and Ti, respectively, when using PXRF. Concentration of Ti in fecal specimens was similar (P = 0.39) between analytical methodologies regardless of sample preparation. However, concentration of Cr was underestimated (P &lt; 0.01) by 13% when PXRF was used in dried or dried/ground fecal samples compared to wet chemistry. Detection of Cr and Ti in fresh fecal samples with PXRF spectrometry seems to be a viable alternative to wet chemistry for estimating ATTD for finishing steers.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding rice gruel based milk replacer on growth, carcass characteristics and rumen development of goat kids

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
MB Sarker ◽  
A Khatun ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
M Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Supplementation of concentrate feed during late pregnancy of doe is an approach to improve milk yield and kid performance after kidding. The experiment was conducted to find out appropriate level and duration of supplementation to the pregnant doe. The data of the experiment were analyzed applying Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial arrangements with three replications. First factor used in the experiment was the duration of concentrate feeding (15 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days) and second was amount of concentrate supplemented (2.00%, 1.75%, 1.50% and 1.25% of their body weight). Birth weight, weaning weight, milk yield and kid mortality in different groups were recorded. Birth weight and weaning weight were found higher in 60 days supplemented group i.e. 2.3±0.23 kg and 10.94±0.41 kg, respectively. Both birth weight and weaning weight were also found higher with 2 percent concentrate feeding group than others i.e. 2.1±0.23 kg and 9.64±0.42 kg, respectively. Milk yield recorded for fourth week shows that higher milk yields were found in 2 percent concentrate supplemented group with 60 days time period. The result showed that by increasing the level of concentrate during late gestation period of does increased the birth weight, weaning weight of kids and increased milk yield of does. So the higher level of concentrate supplementation is required during 45 to 60 days of late gestation in does. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 57-66

Digestibility of a diet with hydroponic maize (Zea mays L.) green fodder and its effect on lamb growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier J. Cantón-Castillo ◽  
Rosendo A. Alcaraz-Romero ◽  
Ricardo A. Chiquini-Medina ◽  
A. Maya-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Growth Evaluation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Lamb Growth

Objective: To determine the apparent digestibility (AD) of diets with hydroponic green corn forage (HGCF) and to evaluate its effect on the dry matter (DM) intake and daily weight gain (DWG) of lambs. Design/methodology/approach: Two experiments using four levels of inclusion (0, 20, 40, 60% DM) of HGCF in the diet were carried out. For determine the AD of diet 16 sheep were used and for the growth evaluation 20 male lambs. A completely randomized design in both studies was used. Results: A higher AD of DM and crude protein in diets with 40% and 60% of HGCF was observed (P<0.05; P<0.01). Lambs from 0 and 20% HGCF treatment had a higher DWG. A lower DM intake in 60% HGCF diet was registered (P<0.05). Limitations on study/implications: Currently there are various methods to supplement sheep during dry season, however, few are fully adapted to the needs of farmers. Hydroponic green corn forage is a valuable alternative for fast and constant production of forage with high nutritional value for sheep. Findings/conclusions: Hydroponic green corn forage has high digestibility, therefore, it can be used as an excellent source of forage in the diet of lambs, obtaining appropriate weight gains with rations that include up to 40% in the diet to replace commercial food.

scholarly journals Attractiveness, non-preference for feeding and oviposition to Ascia monuste orseis Godart (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in collard greens

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Nogueira ◽  
André Cirilo de Sousa Almeida ◽  
Marcelo Mueller de Freitas ◽  
Zulene Antonio Ribeiro ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Collard Greens ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

ABSTRACT: Collard greens Brassica oleracea var. acephala is one of the most important horticultural grown in Brazil for human feeding. The caterpillar Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) stands out among the important pest in Brassicaceae causing severe plant defoliation. The objective of this study was to identify resistant genotypes (antixenosis) in 26 collard greens genotypes to A. monuste orseis. In free-choice test, randomized blocks were used; and in the non-choice test we adopted a completely randomized design. Manteiga de Jundiaí, crespa de Capão Bonito, couve de Arthur Nogueira 1, manteiga I-1811, manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-1811, orelha-de-elefante and Pires 1 de Campinas presented antixenosis (non-preference for oviposition). Pires 1 de Campinas, manteiga I-1811, manteiga de São José, verde-escura and manteiga de Monte Alegre presented antixenosis (non-preference for feeding). These collard greens genotypes can be directly used by farmers for cultivation or by breeders as donor sources in breeding programs for resistance to A. monuste orseis.

scholarly journals The use of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to measure apparent total tract digestibility in beef cattle and sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly A Hoffmann ◽  
Jhones O Sarturi ◽  
David C Weindorf ◽  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Hugo A Ramirez- Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fecal Recovery ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Abstract The use of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry to detect external markers on processed or unprocessed cattle and sheep fecal specimens to estimate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was evaluated. Exp. 1: ruminally cannulated Angus-crossbred steers (n = 7; BW = 520 ± 30 kg) were individually fed ad libitum for 21 d in a completely randomized design (CRD). Markers (Cr2O3 and TiO2) were placed inside the rumen twice daily (7.5 g of each marker). Fecal samples were collected twice daily from day 14 to 21. Exp. 2: crossbred wethers (n = 8; BW = 68 ± 3 kg) were individually fed ad libitum for 21 d in a CRD. During this period, 2 g of Cr2O3 and TiO2 were top-dressed onto the feed twice daily. Sheep were housed in metabolism crates for 5 d for total fecal collection. Concentration of markers was determined on diets, refusals, and fecal specimens (fresh, dry-only, and dried/ground) using atomic absorption to detect Cr and spectrophotometry for Ti. Concentration of both markers was also determined via the PXRF spectrometer. Delta between ATTD estimated by wet chemistry and PXRF was not different from zero (P ≥ 0.14) when using cattle fresh fecal specimens for both markers, whereas ATTD estimated by PXRF with dry-only and dried/ground fecal specimens were 3.6 and 1.1 percent units lower (P ≤ 0.04), respectively, than ATTD estimated by wet chemistry for Cr and Ti, respectively. Regardless of the fecal sample preparation method on cattle specimens, Ti concentration was similar (P = 0.39) among methodologies, while Cr was underestimated (P &lt; 0.01) by 13% when PXRF was used in dry-only or dried/ground samples. The ATTD of sheep was underestimated (P &lt; 0.01) by 2.4 percent units compared with control when Cr was measured by PXRF in dry-only samples. The Cr concentration in dry-only fecal specimens of sheep tended (P = 0.09) to be lower compared with wet chemistry analysis. Fresh and dry/ground sheep fecal samples assessed for Cr, and dry-only assessed for Ti were not (P ≥ 0.49) affected by detection method. The Cr fecal recovery tended (P = 0.10) to be the lowest for dry-only, the greatest for wet chemistry, intermediate for fresh and dry/ground sheep-fecal specimens; while not affected (P = 0.40) for Ti. The PXRF is an accurate technology to detect Cr and Ti in fresh cattle fecal samples to estimate ATTD. For fresh and dry/ground, the technology was effective for determining the concentration of Cr, or dry-only fecal specimens when detecting Ti in sheep specimens.

scholarly journals Assessing the nutritional status of Bunaji bulls fattened on varying inclusions of groundnut haulms and maize offal using some blood metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
D. Y Goska ◽  
A. Kibon ◽  
I. I. Madziga ◽  
C. B. I. Alawa ◽  
O. S. Lamidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Signal Grass

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion levels of groundnut haulms (GH) and maize offal (MO) on some blood metabolites from twenty Bunaji bulls. The bulls were divided into four groups in a completely randomized design. They were fed signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) hay ad libitum and concentrate diets containing groundnut haulms (GH) and maize offal (MO): 80:20% GH: MO, 60:40% GH: MO, 40:60% GH: MO and 20:80% GH: MO, respectively. The animals were fed the diets over a period of 90 days and their nutritional status ascertained from the serum metabolic profile.

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