PSXV-18 Dynamics of steroid hormones in young fine harness horses during the preparatory period of the race-course training

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 360-360
Author(s):  
Svetlana A Zinovieva ◽  
Sergey S Markin ◽  
Sergey A Kozlov

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of steroid hormones (pg /ml) in 2-year-old mares and stallions. During preparatory training, at rest, stallions and mares had similar testosterone levels (0,98±0,745-0,82±0,013), estradiol (21.18±5.05–22.50±3.01) and cortisol (90.17±2.11–83.26±2.48), respectively. In response to submaximal power, stallions and mares expend their reserves uneconomically, expressed in an increase of testosterone (9.54±0.353 – 19.59±1.85) and cortisol (203.07±8.70 -245.57±18.60). The estradiol in stallions fell 27% to 16,68±3,01, and in mares increased by 9% (24.50±0,89). At the end of the preparatory period, stallions showed increase in testosterone by 13 (to 13.47±2,21), cortisol 1.5 times (139,12 ±of 12.97), a fall in estradiol levels 5.3 times (to 4.00± 1,72). The content of testosterone in mares increased by 8.6 times (to 7.09±0.97), cortisol by 2.2 times (to 185.24±3.78), and estradiol fell by 6.8 times (to 3.30±0.84). The swing movement at the end of the preparatory period caused a significantly (P ≥ 0.999) less increase in testosterone in stallions (up to 2.63±0.42) and mares (9.39±3.09) in contrast to the previous period. The cortisol content in stallions increased by 88% (to 381.5±17.3), in mares by 384% (to 711.80±47.50). Estradiol concentration decreased 10-fold in stallions (to 1.40±0.576; P ≥ 0.999), and 3.5-fold (to 6.94±0.829; P ≥ 0.999) in mares. Conclusion: the training is sufficient for adaptation of stallions to the racetrack. For mares, the duration of the preparatory training is not sufficient.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Lei ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Jiawen Liao ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Linlin Sun ◽  
...  

Abstract Background There are only a few studies on sex hormones in females of different ages suffering from depression, and their conclusions are not uniform until now. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the severity of depression in females and factors such as sex hormones and differences in sex hormone levels in females of different ages, exploring variations after treatment. Methods A total of 169 females with depression were selected and divided into the first-episode (91 cases) and recurrent (78 cases) groups. Then, on the basis of their age, the first-episode patients were divided into the young (48 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (20 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (23 cases, age > 55 years); the patients with recurrent depression were classified into the young (37 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (19 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (22 cases, age > 55 years). The patients were assessed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases of mental and behavioral disorders. The serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the patients were measured, and differences in sex hormone levels of the groups were analyzed. Results The estradiol level was negatively correlated with age and the prolactin level was positively correlated with occupation. The severity of depression in females was found to be negatively correlated with age. The serum progesterone and estradiol levels in the young group were significantly higher than those in the elderly group, regardless of the first episode or recurrence. Estradiol levels in the perimenopausal and elderly groups with first-episode depression were significantly higher than those in the same group with recurrent depression. However, there was no significant difference in the serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the recurrent group before and after treatment. Conclusions Sex hormone levels, especially estradiol, varied among females of different ages suffering from depression. Recurrent depression also has a certain effect on sex hormone levels in females. Not only should the age and relapse be considered when studying the sex hormone levels of females with depression, but also attention should be paid to whether the patients have used antidepressants before their sexual hormonal testing.


2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2379-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Rock ◽  
Shirley W. Flatt ◽  
Cynthia A. Thomson ◽  
Marcia L. Stefanick ◽  
Vicky A. Newman ◽  
...  

Purpose Diet intervention trials are testing whether postdiagnosis dietary modification can influence breast cancer recurrence and survival. One possible mechanism is an effect on reproductive steroid hormones. Participants and Methods Serum reproductive steroid hormones were measured at enrollment and 1 year in 291 women with a history of breast cancer who were enrolled onto a randomized, controlled diet intervention trial. Dietary goals for the intervention group were increased fiber, vegetable, and fruit intakes and reduced fat intake. Estradiol, bioavailable estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured. Results The intervention (but not the comparison) group reported a significantly lower intake of energy from fat (21% v 28%), and higher intake of fiber (29 g/d v 22 g/d), at 1-year follow-up (P < .001). Significant weight loss did not occur in either group. A significant difference in the change in bioavailable estradiol concentration from baseline to 1 year in the intervention (−13 pmol/L) versus the comparison (+3 pmol/L) group was observed (P < .05). Change in fiber (but not fat) intake was significantly and independently related to change in serum bioavailable estradiol (P < .01) and total estradiol (P < .05) concentrations. Conclusion Results from this study indicate that a high-fiber, low-fat diet intervention is associated with reduced serum bioavailable estradiol concentration in women diagnosed with breast cancer, the majority of whom did not exhibit weight loss. Increased fiber intake was independently related to the reduction in serum estradiol concentration.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Liu ◽  
Lei Yuan ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yuyan You ◽  
Yanhui Liu ◽  
...  

AbstractCurrently, the majority of giant panda breeding is carried out by cage-mating or artificial insemination based on estrogen levels and behavior in female pandas. However, studies have shown that testosterone levels both in women and in non-human primate females have a significant effect on the desire to mate. In this study, we wanted to explain how testosterone levels of female giant pandas would change during estrous. In this study, 23 accounts of rutting were recorded in 10 female pandas from 2009 to 2012. Changes in urinal testosterone levels were monitored and compared with estradiol values. Our data showed that, for female pandas in estrus, testosterone levels after the estradiol peak was significantly higher than before, and the testosterone peak occurred 4 days after the estradiol peak. Furthermore, testosterone and estradiol level were only significantly correlated after peak estradiol levels peaked, and not before. Finally, out findings suggest that testosterone could help us better understand hormone variation during panda estrus, as well as help aid in the natural breeding of pandas.


1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Fukuda ◽  
Yasuhiro Ito ◽  
Ryouji Hirota ◽  
Motomu Tsuji ◽  
Hiroshi Mori

Abstract. Effects of deficiency in ascorbic acid on in vivo production of corticosterone and testosterone were examined using a mutant strain of rats unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. The adrenal weight of scorbutic rats was larger, and corticosterone levels in plasma and adrenal tissues were higher than those of ascorbic acid-supplied (ascorbutic) rats. Acute and chronic stimulation with ACTH increased corticosterone levels in both ascorbutic and scorbutic rats. In contrast, weights of seminal vesicles and ventral prostates in unstimulated scorbutic rats were smaller, and testosterone levels in plasma and testicular tissues were lower than those in ascorbutic rats. Acute stimulation with hCG increased testosterone levels only slightly in plasma and not in testicular tissues of scorbutic rats, when testosterone levels in ascorbutic rats reached a maximum. Chronic stimulation with hCG increased testosterone levels remarkably in both ascorbutic and scorbutic rats. These findings seem to indicate that ascorbic acid is not essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones. The scurvy seems to increase plasma ACTH levels secondary to the stress, resulting in the stimulation of the adrenals. In contrast, a prolonged deficiency in ascorbic acid appears to decrease plasma gonadotropin levels, and may reduce the sensitivity of testes to gonadotropins.


2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 4785-4792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri-Ann M. Burnett-Bowie ◽  
Elizabeth A. McKay ◽  
Hang Lee ◽  
Benjamin Z. Leder

Context: Aging is associated with declining gonadal steroid production, low bone mineral density (BMD), and fragility fractures. The efficacy and safety of testosterone replacement in older men remains uncertain. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effects of aromatase inhibition on BMD in older men with low testosterone levels. Design and Setting: This was a 1-yr, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that was conducted at a tertiary care academic center in Boston, MA. Participants: Participants included 69 men aged 60+ yr with borderline or low testosterone levels and hypogonadal symptoms. Intervention: Intervention included 1 mg anastrozole daily or placebo. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in gonadal steroid hormone levels, BMD, and bone turnover markers were measured. Results: Mean serum testosterone increased from 319 ± 93 ng/dl at baseline to 524±139 ng/dl at month 3 (P &lt; 0.0001) and declined slightly to 474 ± 145 ng/dl by 1 yr. Estradiol levels decreased from 15 ± 4 pg/ml at baseline to 12 ± 4 pg/ml at month 3 and then remained stable (P &lt; 0.0001). Posterior-anterior (PA) spine BMD decreased in the anastrozole group as compared with placebo (P = 0.0014). In the anastrozole group, PA spine BMD decreased from 1.121 ± 0.141 g/cm2 to 1.102 ± 0.138 g/cm2, whereas in the placebo group, PA spine BMD increased from 1.180 ± 0.145 g/cm2 to 1.189 ± 0.146 g/cm2. Qualitatively similar, but not statistically significant, changes occurred at the other sites. Bone turnover markers were not affected by anastrozole therapy. Conclusions: In older men, aromatase inhibition increases testosterone levels, decreases estradiol levels, and appears to decrease BMD. Aromatase inhibition does not improve skeletal health in aging men with low or low normal testosterone levels.


2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Sylvy Medtasya Dzykryanka ◽  
Yulistani Yulistani ◽  
Budi Santoso

PCOS is an ovarian dysfunction syndrome which characterized by the present of unovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The main cause of PCOS is still unclear, but many studies report that genetic factor have a great role. There are also two big concept in PCOS, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. Previous research by Ayaz et al (2013) has shown that metformin was given if there has been a resistance of clomiphene citrate. This study was designed to provide metformin and clomiphene citrate combination from the early administration to determine the effectiveness of the combination therapy. The objective of this study is to analyze HOMA-IR value, follicle size, and estradiol concentration after metformin and clomiphene citrate treatment in PCOS patient. Design of this study was an observational longitudinal prospective method. There was only a group with a total sample size 19 women of productive age (18-40 years) diagnosed with PCOS. The pre and post combination therapy was observed for ten weeks. Metformin 500 mg three times daily for ten weeks and clomiphene citrate 100 mg in 3rd day until 7th day of menstruation for two cycles were given to the subjects. The result showed that HOMA-IR value decrease after 10 weeks in which value before therapy was 4.9 ± 2.4 and after therapy 3.7 ± 2.2 with the achievement 21.1% HOMA-IR under 2.5. Estradiol concentration after therapy also decreased from 64.8 ± 24.7 pg/ml to 37.9 ± 17.9 pg/ml in ten weeks this concentration remained the range of the follicular phase estradiol levels. On the other hand, follicle size increased from 4.7 ± 0.6 mm to 10.7 ± 2.2 mm after combination therapy of metformin and clomiphene citrate with the occurrence of ovulation 31.6% but none of the samples were successfully pregnant. It is concluded that women with PCOS, declined HOMA-IR, estradiol, and increased follicle size was associated with a good response to combination therapy of metformin and clomiphene citrate.


Author(s):  
Jayeeta Bhadra ◽  
Shashi Seth ◽  
Manishraj Kulshrestha ◽  
Vasudha Dhupper ◽  
Hari Aggarwal ◽  
...  

Background: One intriguing aspect of stroke is its higher incidence in men as compared to women. Endogenous sex hormones, testosterone and estradiol, may be responsible for this difference. This research aims to study serum testosterone and estradiol levels in men with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and to correlate these levels with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and infarct size in computed tomography (CT). Methods: 100 male patients with AIS and 100 age-matched controls were included in this case-control study. Patients with hemorrhagic stroke, taking hormonal preparations, or suffering from chronic illnesses like tuberculosis (TB), cancer, etc. were excluded. Complete history was obtained including presence of established risk factors and physical examination was done in cases and controls with informed written consent. Severity of stroke in cases was assessed by the NIHSS. CT scan of brain was performed within 72 hours of patient’s admission to hospital. The infarct size was measured in centimeters as the largest visible diameter of the infarct on CT scan. Fasting blood samples were obtained for routine investigations and estimating estradiol and testosterone levels. Results: Mean total testosterone level in cases (223.30 ± 143.44 ng/dl) was significantly lower than that of controls (515.34 ± 172.11 ng/dl) (P < 0.001), while estradiol levels had no significant statistical difference (P = 0.260). A significant inverse correlation was found between total testosterone levels and stroke severity (r = -0.581, P < 0.001) and also, total testosterone levels and infarct size (r = -0.557, P < 0.001). Estradiol levels in patients had no significant correlation with stroke severity (P = 0.618) or infarct size (P = 0.463). Conclusion: Low testosterone levels are associated with increased stroke severity and infarct size in men. Further studies are required to establish whether low testosterone is a cause or effect of ischemic stroke and also to explore the potential benefits of testosterone supplementation in men with AIS.  


1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Bellini ◽  
Diana Degani ◽  
Maurizio Matteuzzi ◽  
Franco Dallocchio

Pre-treatment of human lymphocytes with 17 β-estradiol diminishes the increase in concentration of cytosolic free calcium after stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. The effect is dependent on 17 β-estradiol concentration and on the preincubation time. The effect is not due to an interaction between 17 β-estradiol and phytohaemagglutinin, but appears to be a consequence of the binding of the hormone to the cell surface. The effect is specific for 17 β-estradiol, since the α isomer and other steroid hormones (progesterone, testosterone, diethylstilbestrol and 5α-androstan), have no effect. Since the effect of the 17 β-estradiol can be suppressed by treatment of lymphocytes with ouabain, it appears that the effect of estradiol on the rise of cytosolic calcium induced by phytohaemagglutinin is mediated by the (Na, K)-ATPase.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongkun Chen ◽  
Tian Bai ◽  
Sebastian Beck ◽  
Stephanie Stanelle-Bertram ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  

SummaryBackgroundHuman infections with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in East China in March 2013. In contrast to seasonal influenza A viruses, H7N9 infections showed a strong sex bias. Over the five epidemic waves in China, ~70% of all H7N9 cases were observed in men. Thus, in this human cohort, we retrospectively analyzed sex hormones as well as inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in men and women infected with avian H7N9 influenza.MethodsWe systematically analyzed the underlying correlation based on established human cohorts of two age groups (18-49 years and ≥50 years) including laboratory-confirmed H7N9 cases as well as seasonal influenza cases, H7N9 close contacts and poultry workers as controls in dependency on sex. The level of testosterone, estradiol and cytokines/chemokines were measured in all study participants. We compared the levels of sex hormones, cytokines/chemokines by sex and disease outcome.FindingsWe included H7N9 cases (n=98), close contacts (n =71), poultry workers (n =108) and mild seasonal influenza cases (n =53) in this study. Samples were collected between 2014 and 2017. All control groups showed similar median age within H7N9 cases except for the seasonal influenza group with a younger median age. In H7N9 infected men, testosterone levels were strongly reduced compared to male H7N9 virus-negative close contacts or males with seasonal influenza. Low testosterone levels in H7N9 infected men correlated with high inflammatory cytokine levels, e.g. IL-6, and lethal outcome in those 18-49 years of age. No significant differences were detected in estradiol levels in H7N9 infected men. In H7N9 infected women (≥ 50 years), estradiol levels were significantly elevated compared to H7N9 virus-negative close contacts. However, increased estradiol levels did not significantly correlate with lethal outcome in women albeit a slight tendency towards poor outcome could be detected.InterpretationThis study provides evidence that low testosterone levels in H7N9 influenza infected men correlate with inflammatory cytokine/chemokine responses and lethal outcome. Thus, treatment of H7N9 influenza virus infected patients should consider sex-specific mitigation strategies.FundingThis study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1200200 to Y.L.S. and 2016YFD0500208 to D.Y.W), the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund (2018A030310337 to Y.K.C), the German Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (to HPI (G.G.)) as well as the German Federal Ministry of Health (to HPI (G.G.)).


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Popova ◽  
I. Vasylyeva ◽  
A. Tkachenko ◽  
H. Polikarpova ◽  
Umut Kökbaş ◽  
...  

Abstract. MENSTRUAL CYCLE-RELATED CHANGES IN BLOOD SERUM TESTOSTERONE AND ESTRADIOL LEVELS AND THEIR RATIO STABILITY IN YOUNG HEALTHY FEMALES Popova L. ., Vasylyeva L., Tkachenko A., Polikarpova H., Kökbaş U.,  Tuli A2, Kayrin L., Nakonechna A. The role of testosterone in females has not been fully elucidated. Studies usually involved postmenopausal women. Literature data on age-related changes of testosterone levels are contradictory. The application of sex hormones and their combination in medical practice increases the importance of study of the menstrual cycle fluctuations in testosterone, populational variability of testosterone and estradiol levels and their ratio in healthy females to prevent the excessive doses of sex steroids and provide the using of optimal their doses in different phases of menstrual cycle during treatment.The objective of our research was to evaluate testosterone and estradiol levels, their interrelation and their ratio in different stages of menstrual cycle in young healthy women. Twenty-two young Ukrainian females aged 18 to 22 years were enrolled in this study. Testosterone and estradiol levels in blood serum were determined by Estradiol ELISA andTestosterone ELISA kits (Italy). Both estradiol and testosterone levels depended on menstrual cycle phases. The highest testosterone level was revealed in ovulation. No correlation between blood serum testosterone and estradiol levels was found in all menstrual cycle phases. Differences in testosterone and estradiol levels between Ukrainian women and some other populations of women were noted, indicating that such differences must be taken into account when treating women of different populations. Testosterone/estradiol ratio was not changed during menstrual cycle. Because of the constancy of the ratio of testosterone to estradiol during menstrual cycle and the age-related change in  that ratio, this must be taken into account in the treatment of elderly women in order to create a testosterone-estradiol ratio that is characteristic of young women. Key words: Testosterone, estradiol, menstrual cycle phases, women.   Резюме НЕ ТІЛЬКИ РІВЕНЬ ЕСТРАДІОЛУ, АЛЕ Й ТЕСТОСТЕРОНУ ЗАЛЕЖИТЬ ВІД ФАЗИ МЕНСТРУАЛЬНОГО ЦИКЛУ Попова Л.Д., Васильєва І.М., Ткаченко А.С., Полікарпова Г.В., Кокбаш У., Туллі А., Кайрін Л., Наконечна О.А. Роль тестостерону у жінок висвітлена недостатньо. У дослідженнях зазвичай беруть участь жінки в постменопаузі. Дані літератури про вікові зміни рівня тестостерону суперечливі. Застосування статевих гормонів та їх комбінації в медичній практиці підвищує важливість вивчення коливань тестостерону в менструальному циклі, популяційної мінливості рівнів тестостерону та естрадіолу та їх співвідношення у здорових жінок для запобігання надмірних доз статевих стероїдів та забезпечення використання їх оптимальних доз в різні фази менструального циклу під час лікування. Метою нашого дослідження було оцінити рівень тестостерону та естрадіолу, їх взаємозв'язок та їх співвідношення у різні фази менструального циклу у молодих здорових жінок. До дослідження були залучені двадцять дві молоді жінки віком від 18 до 22 років. Рівні тестостерону та естрадіолу в сироватці крові визначали імуноферментним методом. Рівні естрадіолу і тестостерону залежали від фаз менструального циклу. Найвищий рівень тестостерону виявлений під час овуляції. Не було виявлено кореляції між рівнем тестостерону і естрадіолу в сироватці крові у всіх фазах менструального циклу. Відмічено відмінності в рівнях тестостерону та естрадіолу між українськими жінками та жінками деяких інших популяцій, що свідчить про те, що такі відмінності слід враховувати при лікуванні жінок різних популяцій. Співвідношення тестостерону до естрадіолу не змінювалось під час менструального циклу. Зважаючи на сталість співвідношення тестостерону до естрадіолу під час менструального циклу  та зміну цього співвідношення з віком, необхідно враховувати це при лікуванні жінок похилого віку з метою створення співвідношення тестостерону до естрадіолу, характерного для молодих жінок. Ключові слова: тестостерон, естрадіол, фази менструального циклу, жінки.   Резюме НЕ ТОЛЬКО УРОВЕНЬ ЭСТРАДИОЛА, НО И ТЕСТОСТЕРОНА ЗАВИСИТ ОТ ФАЗЫ МЕНСТРУАЛЬНОГО ЦИКЛА Попова Л.Д., Васильева И.М., Ткаченко А.С., Поликарпова А.В., Кокбаш У., Тулли А., Кайрин Л., Наконечная О.А. Роль тестостерона у женщин освещена недостаточно. В исследованиях обычно участвуют женщины в постменопаузе. Данные литературы о возрастных изменениях уровня тестостерона противоречивы.Применение половых гормонов и их комбинации в медицинской практике повышает важность изучения колебаний тестостерона в менструальном цикле, популяционной изменчивости уровней тестостерона и эстрадиола и их соотношений у здоровых женщин для предотвращения чрезмерных доз половых стероидов и обеспечения использования оптимальных доз в различные фазы менструального цикла во время лечения. Целью нашего исследования было оценить уровень тестостерона и эстрадиола, их взаимосвязь и их соотношение в разные фазы менструального цикла у молодых здоровых женщин. В исследование были включены двадцать две молодые женщины в возрасте от 18 до 22 лет. Уровни тестостерона и эстрадиола в сыворотке крови определяли иммуноферментным методом. Уровни эстрадиола и тестостерона зависели от фаз менструального цикла. Самый высокий уровень тестостерона обнаружен во время овуляции. Не было обнаружено корреляции между уровнем тестостерона и эстрадиола в сыворотке крови во всех фазах менструального цикла. Были отмечены различия в уровнях тестостерона и эстрадиола между украинскими женщинами и некоторыми другими популяциями женщин, что указывает на то, что такие различия необходимо учитывать при лечении женщин разных популяций. Соотношение тестостерона / эстрадиола не менялось во время менструального цикла. Учитывая постоянство соотношения тестостерона к эстрадиолу во время менструального цикла и изменение этого соотношения с возрастом, необходимо учитывать это при лечении пожилых женщин с целью создания соотношение тестостерона к эстрадиолу, характерного для молодых женщин. Ключевые слова: тестостерон, эстрадиол, фазы менструального цикла, женщины.


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