PSXI-30 Effects of feeding levels on digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of fattening Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Daehyeok Jin ◽  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
Bong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Sung-Soo Lee ◽  
Dong-Kyo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of fattening Korean native goats. Five Korean native goat (Capra hircus coreanae) bucks (38.0±1.7 kg) with an average age of 2.4-year-old were randomly allocated to one of five feeding levels (maintenance [M], 1.1 x M, 1.2 x M, 1.4 x M, and 1.6 x M). The experimental design was 5 × 5 Latin square design and all animals were housed individual pens (1.2 m × 0.9 m) for an adaption period of 2 weeks and collection period for 1 weeks. The average daily gain (P < 0.05) and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.01) were increased linearly in goat as feeding level increased. Rumen pH showed no significantly differences among feeding levels. Total volatile fatty acid, acetate and propionate concentrations were increased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.01) with increased feeding levels. Butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were linearly increased with increased feeding levels (P < 0.01), but valerate concentration did not differ among feeding levels. Blood metabolites did not differ among feeding levels except for albumin concentration which was linearly increased with increased feeding levels (P < 0.05). The fecal energy loss was not influenced by feeding levels, but digestible energy was increased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.05) with increased feeding levels. The metabolizable energy requirement was estimated using quadratic line model and ranged from 153 to 161 kcal per metabolic body weight based on average daily gain and ME intake. These results found that the increased feeding level might be improve an average daily gain and ruminal fermentation of Korean native goats in fattening phase. These results may also serve as a basis for the establishment of feeding standard of goats in Republic of Korea.

PSXII-24 Effects of feeding levels on digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of growing Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 491-491
Author(s):  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
Bong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Sung-Soo Lee ◽  
Dong-Kyo Kim ◽  
Eun-Do Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of growing Korean native goats. Five growing bucks (19.5±1.4 kg) with an average age of 5 months were randomly allocated to one of five feeding levels [maintenance (M), 1.1 x M, 1.2 x M, 1.4 x M, and 1.6 x M]. The experimental design was 5 × 5 Latin square design and all animals were housed individual pens (1.2 m × 0.9 m) for an adaption period of 2 weeks and collection period for 1 weeks. Rumen samples were collected before morning feeding using oral stomach tube. Nutrient digestibility increased linearly in goat as feeding level increased (P < 0.01), but body weight did not differ among feeding levels. Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration showed no significantly differences among feeding levels. The total and individual volatile fatty acids concentration increased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.05) with increased feeding levels. Blood metabolites did not differ among feeding levels. The fecal energy loss was not influenced by feeding levels, but digestible energy was increased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.05) with increased feeding levels. The metabolizable energy requirement was estimated using quadratic line model and ranged from 154 to 163 kcal per metabolic body weight based on average daily gain and ME intake. These results suggest that higher feeding levels of growing goat increases digestibility and nutrient utilization efficiency in the rumen. These results serve as a basis for the establishment of goat feeding programs at the farm scale in the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Determination of Maintenance Energy Requirements for Fattening Castrated Korean Black Goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Moon ◽  
Yeong Sik Yun ◽  
Na Yeon Kim ◽  
Sanguk Chung ◽  
Qi Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

Twelve adult (10 months old) castrated Korean black goats, with an average initial body weight of 24.98 ± 3.7 kg, were used in this experiment to determine their maintenance energy requirements. Dry matter intakes (g/d, p = 0.945) were not affected by energy levels, but metabolic energy intake (kcal/d, p < 0.002) and average daily gain (g/d, p < 0.001) were significantly increased at higher energy levels. Nutrient digestibility was similar in the treatments, but crude fat digestibility increased with the addition of protective fat powder (p = 0.001). The energy required for fattening the castrated Korean black goats was estimated using the correlation between metabolic energy intake per dietary body weight and average daily gain per dietary body weight. The Y-axis intercept value was calculated to be 108.76 kcal/kg BW0.75 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.6036), which was the metabolic energy requirement for maintaining the lives of the fattening Korean black goats. The estimated energy requirements of the black goat can improve specification techniques, such as the energy level and the amount of feed supply required for domestic black goats.

scholarly journals Growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of limit-fed diets containing wet brewer’s grains to Holstein heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hatungimana ◽  
Tess C Stahl ◽  
Peter S Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Limit Feeding ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of Holstein heifers limit-fed diets containing different amounts of wet brewer’s grains (WBG). A 12-wk randomized complete block study was conducted using 30 yearling Holstein heifers [378 ± 27 d of age, and body weight (BW) of 357.8 ± 27.6 kg (mean ± SD)]. Treatments were 0%, 10% and 20% of WBG on a dry matter (DM) basis and diets were formulated to be limit-fed for dry matter intake (DMI) at 2.35% of BW and provided 15% crude protein (CP) and 2.27 Mcal metabolizable energy/kg of DM. Dry matter intake was recorded daily, while BW and skeletal measurements were measured every 2 wk. During week 12, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum over four consecutive days and composited by heifer to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestibility using acid detergent insoluble ash as a marker. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Dry matter intakes, BW, and average daily gain were not different among treatments (P = 0.2, P = 0.4, and P = 0.6, respectively). Dry matter intakes ranged from 8.6 to 9.0 kg/d. Average BW were 404.4, 411.5, and 409.3 kg for heifers fed the 0%, 10%, and 20% WBG diets, respectively. Average daily gains were 1.03, 1.04, and 0.96 kg/d for heifers fed the 0%, 10%, and 20% WBG diets respectively. Skeletal measurements and body condition scores (BCS) were not different among treatments except for the change in heart girth (P &lt; 0.01) and initial BCS (P &lt; 0.01). Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter, CP, fat, and hemicellulose were greater or tended to be greater in heifers fed 0% and 20% WBG treatments than heifers fed 10 % WBG (P = 0.04, P = 0.04, P = 0.06, P = 0.06, and P = 0.01, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and fat digestibilities were similar among treatments (P = 0.2, P = 0.3, and P = 0.3, respectively). During the digestibility phase, DMI tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the 10% WBG treatment. These results demonstrate that limit-feeding heifers with diets containing up to 20% WBG could replace soybean- and corn-based concentrates in diets without adverse consequences to the heifer growth performance.

scholarly journals Meat quality and performance of pigs fed diets with fish silage meal

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 905-913
Author(s):  
Rayssa Santos Cândido ◽  
Pedro Henrique Watanabe ◽  
Paula Joyce Delmiro de Oliveira ◽  
Alysson Lira Angelim ◽  
André de Freitas Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy (ME) of fish silage, as well as to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of fish silage meal (FSM) in diets on the performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, sensory analysis of meat and mortadella, and economic viability of growing and finishing pigs. In the digestibility assay, 16 barrows (33.20±4.93 kg) received diets with and without FSM. The fish silage had 39.01% crude protein and 4,032 kcal kg-1 ME. In the performance assay, 32 barrows (26.00±1.68 kg) were fed diets containing different inclusion levels of FSM (0, 25, 50, and 75%). FSM, obtained from the mixture (1:1) of fish silage with corn, showed a quadratic effect on average daily gain, and the best result was obtained with the inclusion level of 25.83%. The results for feed conversion and economic viability indicate that up to 25% FSM, corresponding to 5.87% of fish silage based on dry matter, can be used in the pig growing and finishing phases.

scholarly journals 279 Evaluation of the NRC (2012) model in estimating standard maintenance metabolizable energy requirement of PIC sows during mid-gestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
Mark Knauer ◽  
Jerry Purvis ◽  
Ning Lu ◽  
Uislei Orlando ◽  
Carine Vier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Score Change ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the NRC (2012) model in predicting standard maintenance metabolizable energy (MEm) of PIC sows during mid-gestation. A total of 201 PIC Camborough sows (parity 1 to 10) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a complete randomized design between day 36 and 46 post-breeding. Treatments consisted of feeding sows with daily feed allowances to meet 80, 90, 100 or 110% of MEm calculated as MEm, kcal/day = 100 × (body weight)0.75. A common corn-soybean meal-based diet with 3,302 kcal of ME/kg and 0.61% standardized ileal digestible lysine was fed for 28 days. Sow body weight (BW) and sow body condition caliper score (CS) were captured at day 0, 14 and 28. Data were analyzed with PROC GLM of SAS with sow as experimental unit. Average sow parity and feed allowance were 4.2 and 1.79 kg/day, respectively. Average sow BW and sow CS at day 0, 14 and 28 were 234, 233 and 242 kg and 14.9, 14.9 and 14.8, respectively. Increasing feed allowances to meet 80 to 110% of MEm requirement increased (linear, P&lt; 0.01) average daily gain (ADG; 0.100, 0.259, 0.417 and 0.440 kg/d, respectively). The estimated regression equation was ADG, kg/day = -0.83 + 1.193 × MEm, estimating the MEm to maintain BW was below 80% of NRC (2012) estimate. Caliper score change (CSC) increased (linear, P&lt; 0.01) with increasing feed allowances to meet 80 to 110% of MEm requirement (-0.78, -0.26, 0.13, and 0.35, respectively). The estimated regression equation was CSC = -3.73 + 3.78 × MEm, estimating the MEm to maintain CS at 98.7% of NRC (2012) estimate. In summary, results showed that the MEm to maintain BW and CS for PIC sows during mid-gestation was below 80% and at 98.7%, respectively, of NRC (2012) estimated requirement.

scholarly journals Effects of sunflower oil supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in crossbred (Macheng Black x Boer) goats

2019 ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Rudy Hartanto, Liyuan Cai, Jiangkun Yu, Ji Zhang, ◽  
Niya Zhang, Lvhui Sun, Desheng Qi
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Boer Goats

This study aims to determine the effects of sunflower oil supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in crossbred goats. Randomized complete block with sub sampling; with 3 treatments, 3 sub sampling and 4 experiment periods as blocks were conducted using 9 crossbred (Boer x Macheng Black) female goats with an initial body weight (BW) around 20.96±1.79 kg were used in our experiment. Three levels of sunflower oil supplementation (sunflower oil = S; 0, 33, and 66 g kg-1 of dry matter (DM)) to commercial complete feed were used for the treatment arrangement.  Every experiment period was done in three weeks and rested one week before the next period at the individual cages. Nutrient digestibility (except ether extract (EE)), protozoa counts and ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentration were decreased; molar proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were changed; blood metabolites (except cholesterol) were not affected by sunflower oil supplementation. The inclusion of sunflower oil had no adverse effect on performance; thus improve dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE) which S33 was better than S0 and S66. In conclusion, the best result was sunflower oil supplementation 33 g kg-1 of DM (S33); because compared with control, improve ADG (31.79%) and FE (15.32%)). Sunflower oil supplementation could improve performance by positively affecting the ruminal on rumen fermentation in crossbred (Boer x Macheng Black) female goats. 

scholarly journals Response of sheep fed on corn cob silage or elephant grass basal diet with or without Calliandra leaf meal supplementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Dwi Yulistiani
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Daily Gain

<p class="abstrak2">Limited availability of forage diet throughout the year could be overcome by utilization of crop by-products. Corn cob, a by-product from maize production is potential to be used as a fiber source for grass replacement. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of two different basal diets (basal grass diet and corn cob silage) with or without Calliandra supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, rumen fermentation and growth of sheep. The study used 20 male sheep St Croix breed. The sheep were divided into 5 groups based on body weight. Each group was fed with one of four diet treatments for 13 weeks. The treatments were grass basal diet + concentrate, Corn cob silage (CCS) + concentrate, Grass basal diet + concentrate + 5% Calliandra leaf meal, CCS + concentrate + 5% Calliandra leaf meal. The ratio of basal diet (grass or CCS) to concentrate was 40 : 60% and was formulated in iso protein (crude protein content 14%). The diet was offered in total mix ration. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design and arranged in factorial 2 x 2 (2 type basal diets and 2 Calliandra supplementation levels) with 5 replications. Results showed that there was no interaction between basal diet and Calliandra supplementation on feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG), nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, except for crude protein (CP) intake. Feed consumption was not affected by basal diets or Calliandra supplementation. Feed conversion ratio and protein conversion ratio were better in grass basal diet than CCS. CP digestibility was higher in corn cob silage than basal grass diet without Calliandra supplementation. N retention was higher in corn cob basal diet than basal grass diet. Rumen fermentation was significantly affected by basal diet in which rumen ammonia and VFA concentrations were higher in grass basal diet. Grass basal diet had higher propionic acid production than CCS basal diet. From this study, it could be concluded that in iso protein diet, basal grass diet was comparable to corn cob basal diet as revealed by average daily gain was similar in both diets with average 107.5 g/head/day. Calliandra supplementation at 5% in the grass or CCS basal diet did not improve sheep performance.</p>

scholarly journals Dietary Inclusion of Blood Plasma with Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supplementation Enhanced the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Lactobacillus Count, and Reduced Gas Emissions in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Vetriselvi Sampath ◽  
Dong Heon Baek ◽  
Sureshkumar Shanmugam ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Yeast Phase ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was performed to examine the hypothesis that blood plasma (BP) with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplement in the diet of weaning pigs could provoke the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, and reduce harmful gas excretion. A total of one hundred and eighty healthy piglets were taken and assigned (complete random blocks) to three dietary treatments as: Phase 1: Treatment (TRT) 1-6% BP; TRT 2-3% BP + 3% yeast; TRT 3-6% yeast. Phase 2: TRT 1-3%; BP., TRT 2-1.5% BP + 1.5% yeast; TRT 3- 3% yeast. Phase 3: TRT 1- Control (CON) (Basal diet); TRT 2- CON; TRT 3- CON for six- weeks. Each treatment had twelve replicates and five (three gilts and two barrows) pigs per pen. Dietary inclusion of BP with yeast supplementation significantly increased the body weight of piglets during phase 2 (p = 0.003) and phase 3 (p = 0.032). In addition, TRT2 group piglets had a significant improvement in average daily gain at the end of each phase and overall (p = 0.047, 0.025, 0.018 and 0.012, respectively). At phase 3, TRT2 group piglets showed a significant improvement on nutrient digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.012) and nitrogen (p = 0.040). The fecal microbiota of TRT2 group piglets showed a tendency to increase the number of Lactobacillus counts at phase 1 (p = 0.07) and phase 2 (p = 0.06) as well as, a significant improvement at phase 3 (p = 0.021). In addition, TRT2 group piglets had trend to decrease NH3 (p = 0.074) and H2S (p = 0.069) during phase 2, and significantly reduced NH3 (p = 0.038) and H2S (p = 0.046) at phase 3. However, the fecal score of piglets remains unaffected during the entire trial. At the end of phase 1 piglets’ IgG (p = 0.008) was significantly increased with the inclusion of BP with yeast supplementation. Based on the positive effects on body weight, average daily gain, nutrient digestibility, Lactobacillus count, and reduced gas emission, we suggest that dietary supplement with BP and yeast in the diet of weaned piglet could serve as an excellent alternative to antibiotics growth promoters.

Growth performance and carcass traits of Large White, Mukota and Large White ✕ Mukota F1crosses given graded levels of maize cob meal

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Kanengoni ◽  
K. Dzama ◽  
M. Chimonyo ◽  
J. Kusina ◽  
S. M. Maswaure
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractA study was conducted to compare the performance of Mukota, Large White (LW) and LW ✕ Mukota F1pigs given increasing levels of maize cob meal. Sixteen female weaners of each genotype were given, ad libitum, diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300 g maize cob meal per kg of diet for 14 weeks. The diets were designed to contain similar levels of protein (ca. 160 g crude protein per kg) and energy (ca. 9 MJ metabolizable energy per kg). Average daily food intake per unit metabolic body weight (ADFI per kg M0·75), average daily gain (ADG) and food conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. The pigs were slaughtered and cold dressed mass (CDM) and backfat thickness were determined for each pig. The ADFI per kg M0·75was similar among the four diets for the three genotypes. The rate of decline in ADG was higher (P < 0·05) in the LW than in the other two genotypes. The FCR in the Mukota was poorer (P < 0·05) than that in the LW and the F1crosses. The Mukota had the highest (P < 0·05) backfat thickness (K5 and K7·5) values of the three genotypes across the four diets, followed by the F1crosses. The CDM values for the LW and the F1crosses were similar and were higher (P < 0·05) than those for the Mukota. The findings indicate that F1crosses and the Mukota were better able to utilize diets containing high levels of maize cob meal than LW pigs.

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