PSXII-24 Effects of feeding levels on digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of growing Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 491-491
Author(s):  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
Bong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Sung-Soo Lee ◽  
Dong-Kyo Kim ◽  
Eun-Do Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of growing Korean native goats. Five growing bucks (19.5±1.4 kg) with an average age of 5 months were randomly allocated to one of five feeding levels [maintenance (M), 1.1 x M, 1.2 x M, 1.4 x M, and 1.6 x M]. The experimental design was 5 × 5 Latin square design and all animals were housed individual pens (1.2 m × 0.9 m) for an adaption period of 2 weeks and collection period for 1 weeks. Rumen samples were collected before morning feeding using oral stomach tube. Nutrient digestibility increased linearly in goat as feeding level increased (P < 0.01), but body weight did not differ among feeding levels. Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration showed no significantly differences among feeding levels. The total and individual volatile fatty acids concentration increased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.05) with increased feeding levels. Blood metabolites did not differ among feeding levels. The fecal energy loss was not influenced by feeding levels, but digestible energy was increased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.05) with increased feeding levels. The metabolizable energy requirement was estimated using quadratic line model and ranged from 154 to 163 kcal per metabolic body weight based on average daily gain and ME intake. These results suggest that higher feeding levels of growing goat increases digestibility and nutrient utilization efficiency in the rumen. These results serve as a basis for the establishment of goat feeding programs at the farm scale in the Republic of Korea.

PSXI-30 Effects of feeding levels on digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of fattening Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Daehyeok Jin ◽  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
Bong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Sung-Soo Lee ◽  
Dong-Kyo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of fattening Korean native goats. Five Korean native goat (Capra hircus coreanae) bucks (38.0±1.7 kg) with an average age of 2.4-year-old were randomly allocated to one of five feeding levels (maintenance [M], 1.1 x M, 1.2 x M, 1.4 x M, and 1.6 x M). The experimental design was 5 × 5 Latin square design and all animals were housed individual pens (1.2 m × 0.9 m) for an adaption period of 2 weeks and collection period for 1 weeks. The average daily gain (P < 0.05) and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.01) were increased linearly in goat as feeding level increased. Rumen pH showed no significantly differences among feeding levels. Total volatile fatty acid, acetate and propionate concentrations were increased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.01) with increased feeding levels. Butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were linearly increased with increased feeding levels (P < 0.01), but valerate concentration did not differ among feeding levels. Blood metabolites did not differ among feeding levels except for albumin concentration which was linearly increased with increased feeding levels (P < 0.05). The fecal energy loss was not influenced by feeding levels, but digestible energy was increased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.05) with increased feeding levels. The metabolizable energy requirement was estimated using quadratic line model and ranged from 153 to 161 kcal per metabolic body weight based on average daily gain and ME intake. These results found that the increased feeding level might be improve an average daily gain and ruminal fermentation of Korean native goats in fattening phase. These results may also serve as a basis for the establishment of feeding standard of goats in Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Determination of Maintenance Energy Requirements for Fattening Castrated Korean Black Goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Moon ◽  
Yeong Sik Yun ◽  
Na Yeon Kim ◽  
Sanguk Chung ◽  
Qi Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

Twelve adult (10 months old) castrated Korean black goats, with an average initial body weight of 24.98 ± 3.7 kg, were used in this experiment to determine their maintenance energy requirements. Dry matter intakes (g/d, p = 0.945) were not affected by energy levels, but metabolic energy intake (kcal/d, p < 0.002) and average daily gain (g/d, p < 0.001) were significantly increased at higher energy levels. Nutrient digestibility was similar in the treatments, but crude fat digestibility increased with the addition of protective fat powder (p = 0.001). The energy required for fattening the castrated Korean black goats was estimated using the correlation between metabolic energy intake per dietary body weight and average daily gain per dietary body weight. The Y-axis intercept value was calculated to be 108.76 kcal/kg BW0.75 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.6036), which was the metabolic energy requirement for maintaining the lives of the fattening Korean black goats. The estimated energy requirements of the black goat can improve specification techniques, such as the energy level and the amount of feed supply required for domestic black goats.

scholarly journals The Impact of Producing Type and Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performances and Microbiota Together with Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1742
Author(s):  
Ahmad Reza Seradj ◽  
Joaquim Balcells ◽  
Laura Sarri ◽  
Lorenzo José Fraile ◽  
Gabriel de la Fuente Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
The Impact

In order to reduce dietary nitrogen and achieve an efficient protein deposition as well as decrease N wastage, we challenged the nutrient utilization efficiency of two different producing types in front of a dietary crude protein (CP) restriction and studied the role of the microbiota in such an adaptation process. Therefore, 32 pure castrated male Duroc (DU) and 32 entire male hybrid (F2) piglets were raised in a three-phase feeding regime. At each phase, two iso caloric diets differing in CP content, also known as normal protein (NP) and low protein (LP), were fed to the animals. LP diets had a fixed restriction (2%) in CP content in regards to NP ones throughout the phases of the experiment. At the end of third phase, fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis purposes and greenhouse gases emissions, together with ammonia, were tested. No changes were found in average daily feed intake (ADFI) of animals of two producing types (Duroc vs. F2) or those consumed different experimental diets (NP vs. LP) throughout the course of study. However, at the end of each experimental phase the average body weight (BW) of hybrid animals were higher compared to Duroc pigs, whereas a reverse trend was observed for average daily gain (ADG), where Duroc pigs showed greater values with respect to hybrid ones. Despite, greater CH4 and ammonia emissions in Duroc pigs with respect to F2, no significant differences were found in contaminant gases emissions between diets. Moreover, LP diets did not alter the microbial community structure, in terms of diversity, although some genera were affected by the dietary challenge. Results suggest that the impact of reducing 2% of CP content was limited for reduction in contaminant gases emissions and highlight the hypothesis that moderate change in the dietary protein levels can be overcome by long-term adaptation of the gut microbiota. Overall, the influence of the producing type on performance and digestive microbiota composition was more pronounced than the dietary effect. However, both producing types responded differently to CP restriction. The use of fecal microbiota as biomarker for predicting feed efficiency has a great potential that should be completed with robust predictive models to achieve consistent and valid results.

scholarly journals Effects of concentrate input on nutrient utilization and methane emissions of two breeds of ewe lambs fed fresh ryegrass

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Wang ◽  
Yiguang Zhao ◽  
Aurélie Aubry ◽  
Gareth Arnott ◽  
Fujiang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Utilization

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate if high-quality grass could sustain a similar feeding efficiency to concentrate meals for two breeds of lowland ewe lambs. Sixteen lowland ewe lambs of approximately 13 mo age and 61.5 ± 5.28 kg live weight were used in a 2 × 2 factorial study, with 2 diets (fresh perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne] vs. fresh perennial ryegrass plus 0.5 kg/d fresh concentrate) × 2 breeds (Highlander vs. Texel). Grass was cut daily in the morning from a single zero-grazing sward and offered ad libitum. The animals were individually housed in pens and fed experimental diets for an adaptation phase of 19 d, and then transferred to respiration calorimeter chambers, remaining there for 5 d, with feed intake, feces and urine outputs, and methane (CH4) emissions measured during the final 4 d. There were no significant interaction effects between diets and breeds on any variables. Ewe lambs offered 0.5 kg/d concentrate supplementation had slightly greater DM intake and energy (GE, DE, and ME) intake, but had significantly higher N intake and N excretion in feces and urine than those fed the grass-only diet. However, diets had no significant effects on nutrient digestibility, energy or N utilization, or CH4 emission. Texel breed had a significantly lower DM intake and CH4 emissions per kg live weight, whereas the breed had no significant effect on nutrient digestibility or energy or N utilization. These results implicate that good quality grass could sustain high nutrient utilization efficiency as effectively as diets supplemented with concentrates for ewe lamb production. The two breeds of lowland ewe lambs can utilize good quality grass at a similar level of efficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of Betaine-Biotin-Chromium Supplementation and Concentrate to Roughage Ratio on Nutrient Utilization Efficiency in Thai Native Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Sukanya Poolthajit ◽  
Wuttikorn Srakaew ◽  
Theerachai Haitook ◽  
Chalong Wachirapakorn
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with a feed additive containing a combination of betaine, biotin, and chromium (BBC) and concentrate-to-roughage ratio (C:R ratio) on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, and energy utilization in Thai native beef cattle. Five Thai feedlot native beef bulls at one year old of age and 87.6 ± 15.7 kg of body weight were assigned in a (2 × 2) + 1 augmented factorial experiment according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design with five periods of 21 days. The two levels of BBC were 3 g/kg DM and 6 g/kg DM, and the two ratios of C:R were 60C:40R and 70C:30R. A C:R ratio of 70C:30R without BBC supplementation was used as a negative control. The cattle were offered feed at 3% BW, which provides sufficient energy and protein to support a weight gain of 500 g/day. The results showed that dry matter intake (DMI) and organic matter intake (OMI) were not different (p > 0.05), but the intake of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was higher (p < 0.05), whereas neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were lower (p < 0.05) in the 70C:30R ratio diets compared to the 60:40R ratio diets. Energy balance and nitrogen balance were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the C:R ratio or the addition of BBC. Rumen pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments groups. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was higher (p < 0.05) in bulls fed with the 70C:30R ratio diet. The addition of BBC resulted in a lower (p < 0.01) glucose-to-insulin ratio compared to cattle fed with the control diet. Energy and protein utilization efficiency did not differ (p > 0.05) among the experimental treatment groups, which were higher (p > 0.05) than the control group. In conclusion, BBC supplementation showed greater growth performance of cattle compared to the control. BBC supplementation appeared to improve glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity and energy and protein utilization efficiency. Whether BBC supplementation increases glucose production in the liver remains to be determined in future studies.

Effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme mixture containing carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility, and selected mucosal gene expression in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed nutrient deficient diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lu ◽  
A. Preynat ◽  
V. Legrand-Defretin ◽  
P.A. Geraert ◽  
O. Adeola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Gut Health

Effect of carbohydrases and phytase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and gut health of nursery pigs was evaluated. Pigs were blocked by body weight (BW) and sex and allocated to four treatments. Treatments were a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC) deficient in metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), Ca, and non-phytate P (nPP), NC plus Rovabio® Max AP enzyme mix, at 0.05 and 0.075 g kg−1. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined in faecal samples. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was determined in ileal digesta samples collected after euthanasia. Lower final BW and average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) were observed in NC compared with PC. Enzyme at 0.05 g kg−1increased (P < 0.05) BW on d 14 and d 41, respectively, and also increased ADG. Enzyme at 0.075 g kg−1increased BW on d 14 and ADG on d 0 to d 14 (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency [gain to feed ratio (G:F)] was greater (P < 0.05) in PC than NC from d 15 to d 41 and from d 0 to d 41. No difference in G:F was observed with enzyme supplementation. Higher (P < 0.05) serum Ca and bone ash were observed in PC than NC. Enzyme increased the ATTD of Ca and P (P < 0.05) compared with NC.

Effect of lecithin with or without chitooligosaccharide on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and pork quality of finishing pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Tae Kim ◽  
Prashant Shinde ◽  
Byung Jo Chae
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Initial Body Weight

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary lecithin with or without chitooligosaccharide (COS) on the performance, blood metabolites, pork cholesterol, fatty acid composition and quality of finishing pigs. In exp. 1, 36 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, 84.5 ± 0.60 kg initial body weight) were fed lecithin at 0, 2.5 or 5.0% of the diet. Lecithin improved average daily gain (16%) and feed conversion ratio, and did not affect apparent nutrient digestibility. On day 28, lecithin decreased serum total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (34 and 77%, P = 0.016), and increased serum triglyceride (P = 0.048). Lecithin did not affect carcass characteristics and pork quality, but increased myristic and α-linolenic acid and reduced palmitoleic acid in pork. Experiment 2 involved 108 pigs (85.0 ± 0.76 kg initial body weight) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, wherein two levels of lecithin (low, 2.5 and high, 5.0%) and COS (0.0 and 0.1%) were used. Addition of COS in diets containing lecithin reduced pork cholesterol (16.4%) and oleic acid (28.3%), and did not affect performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and pork quality. In conclusion, these results suggest that lecithin improved the growth performance of finishing pigs and inclusion of COS reduced the amount of cholesterol in pork. Key words: Lecithin, COS, performance, nutrient digestibility, pork quality

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Crude Protein on Productive Efficiency, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Metabolites and Gastrointestinal Immune Markers in Light Lambs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Jonathan Pelegrin-Valls ◽  
Beatriz Serrano-Pérez ◽  
Daniel Villalba ◽  
María José Martín-Alonso ◽  
Juan Ramón Bertolín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Matter Basis

This study hypothesized that reducing the level of crude protein (CP) in lambs′ feed may improve nutrient utilization and did not negatively affect their productive efficiency, blood metabolites, oxidative status (OS) or intestinal immune barrier function. A total of 120 weaned male Ripollesa lambs (45–60 days old and 15.0 ± 1.5 kg of body weight) were used. Four feed concentrates were formulated for two different phases (growing and finishing): CP20/19 group (20% and 19% of CP on dry matter basis, for each phase, respectively) and CP18/17 group (18% and 17% of CP on dry matter basis, for each phase, respectively). Lambs were randomly assigned to feeding treatments by balancing initial body weight between groups. The reduction of dietary CP level did not impair their growth performance parameters, while it did improve the apparent digestibility of organic matter. Furthermore, the lambs of the CP18/17 group showed lower plasma urea levels with no effect on OS (malondialdehyde levels) or gastrointestinal immunity markers (gene expression of interleukin 10 (IL10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB)).

scholarly journals Effects of sunflower oil supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in crossbred (Macheng Black x Boer) goats

2019 ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Rudy Hartanto, Liyuan Cai, Jiangkun Yu, Ji Zhang, ◽  
Niya Zhang, Lvhui Sun, Desheng Qi
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Boer Goats

This study aims to determine the effects of sunflower oil supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in crossbred goats. Randomized complete block with sub sampling; with 3 treatments, 3 sub sampling and 4 experiment periods as blocks were conducted using 9 crossbred (Boer x Macheng Black) female goats with an initial body weight (BW) around 20.96±1.79 kg were used in our experiment. Three levels of sunflower oil supplementation (sunflower oil = S; 0, 33, and 66 g kg-1 of dry matter (DM)) to commercial complete feed were used for the treatment arrangement.  Every experiment period was done in three weeks and rested one week before the next period at the individual cages. Nutrient digestibility (except ether extract (EE)), protozoa counts and ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentration were decreased; molar proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were changed; blood metabolites (except cholesterol) were not affected by sunflower oil supplementation. The inclusion of sunflower oil had no adverse effect on performance; thus improve dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE) which S33 was better than S0 and S66. In conclusion, the best result was sunflower oil supplementation 33 g kg-1 of DM (S33); because compared with control, improve ADG (31.79%) and FE (15.32%)). Sunflower oil supplementation could improve performance by positively affecting the ruminal on rumen fermentation in crossbred (Boer x Macheng Black) female goats. 

PSV-19 Effect of Low Nutrient Density Diet with Probiotic Mixture (B. Subtilis ms1, B. Licheniformis SF5-1, and S. Cerevisiae) Supplementation on Performance of Weaner Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
Vetriselvi Sampath ◽  
Hyun Ju Park ◽  
Yong min Kim ◽  
Je Min Ahn ◽  
Inho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Abstract BACKGROUND: A total of one hundred and forty, 28 d-old weaner pigs [Duroc x (Yorkshire x Landrace)] with initial body weight (BW) of 6.56±1.25kg were used in a six-week treatment (7 replicate pens per treatment; barrows, and 2 gilts/pen) to evaluate the effect of low nutrient density diet supplement with probiotic mixture supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, and gas emission of weaner pigs. RESULTS: Pigs fed low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation had linearly increased (P = 0.028, 0.014) the body weight (BW) at weeks 3, and 6. Moreover, average daily gain (ADG) was linearly improved (P=0.018, 0.014, 0.014) at week 3, 6, and overall experiment. However, there were no interactive effects found on the nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and energy (E) throughout the experiment. Dietary inclusion of low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation has improved the fecal lactobacillus counts linearly, but E. coli was unaffected during the trail. On day 42, Ammonium gas emission was significantly decrease in pigs fed a low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation. However, H2S, acetic acid, and CO2 were not significantly affected by the probiotic mixture supplementation diet. CONCLUSION: Low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation had positively affected the growth performance, fecal microbial, and fecal gas emission on weaner pigs.

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