scholarly journals 388 Bayou Beef: A random effects model of crustacean waste as a feedstock

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
Taylor Burrell ◽  
Shelby L Wood ◽  
Nichole M Cherry ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
William B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Shrimp Shells ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Shrimp Wastes ◽  
Residual Ash

Abstract It is important for researchers, as progressive producers, to consider human enterprise wastes as one of the next steps in feedstuff investigation. In an effort to reuse a seemingly useless and disposable component of one of America’s most enjoyed aquatic delicacies, our objective was to determine the nutritive value of crawfish and shrimp shells in relation to ruminant nutrition. These discarded items were collected from local events and sorted into four different groups: crawfish heads, crawfish tails, shrimp shells, and shrimp tails. Crawfish and shrimp wastes were tested independent of each other. These groups were dried at 55°C for 72 h and ground to pass through a 2-mm screen. Samples were subjected to a batch-culture in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) assay. A separate set of samples (1 mm) were assayed for dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL; inclusive of residual ash). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Crawfish heads were assayed to contain 26.2% NDF, 13.4% ADF, and 1.0% ADL, while crawfish tails contained 23.7% NDF, 16.3% ADF, and 1.1% ADL. Crawfish heads and tails did not differ in IVTD (P = 0.48) or in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD; P = 0.13; 76.7 vs. 77.2% and 86.8 vs. 91.0%, respectively). Shrimp shells contained 36.1% NDF, 26.9% ADF, and 4.1% ADL, whereas shrimp tails contained 29.1% NDF, 17.9% ADF, and 0.7% ADL. Shrimp tails had greater (P < 0.01) IVTD (74.2 vs. 66.4%) but lesser (P = 0.01) IVNDFD than shrimp shells (80.6 vs. 85.0%). Results are interpreted to mean that crustacean waste may represent a suitable prospective feedstuff for further evaluation.

scholarly journals 175 Reduce Reuse ReRumen: Variability in nutritive value of paunch manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Taylor J Garcia ◽  
Jeffrey A Brady ◽  
Kimberly A Guay ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
William B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
State University ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Ruminant animals develop a diverse and complex microbial ecosystem for digesting fibrous feedstuffs, but this material represents a cost to the industry when bound for rendering at harvest. Our objective was to determine the feed value of paunch manure recovered from an abattoir. Twelve paunch samples were collected from slaughtered cattle at the Tarleton State University Meat Laboratory, Stephenville, TX. Samples were dried under forced air at 55°C to a constant weight and ground to pass through 2-mm screen. A subsample was ground to 1-mm and assayed for DM, CP, and sequential NDF and ADF. Physically effective fiber (peNDF) was calculated with 2 L of unground, dried at 55 ˚C, paunch material using the manually-operated Penn State Particle Separator. Paunch peNDF was determined by multiplying the physical effectiveness factor by the total NDF content of the sample. Samples (2-mm) were subject to batch culture in vitro digestibility assays for determination of digestibility coefficients. Data were analysed as a random effects model using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Neutral detergent fiber, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF values were 68.1, 39.9, 10.9, 15.0, and 38.7%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the individual animal for NDF, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF was 97.2, 97.9, 95.4, 19.1, and 97.5%, respectively. In vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) was recorded as 46.2% and 21.6%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the animal for IVTD and IVNDFD was 99.05 and 98.49%, respectively. Data collected suggest paunch manure could provide valuable nutrients for livestock production, specifically fiber and protein. For full viability of application in a sustainable system, a centralized receiving and compositing system may be useful for development of a consistent product.

scholarly journals Foliar fertilizer and biostimulant to enhance performance of Urochloa hybrid in two different seasons

2019 ◽  
pp. 1429-1437
Author(s):  
Luara Cristina de Lima ◽  
Leandro Martins Barbero ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Fernanda Carvalho Basso ◽  
Atalita Francis Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Technologies that promote forage production provide gains of income in beef cattle. The objective of this research was to evaluate forage production, morphological components and nutritive value of pasture of Urochloa hybrid Convert HD364, with application of biostimulant, foliar fertilizers and urea. A completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replications was used. The treatments consisted of T1 (control: no fertilization), T2 (urea), T3 (Fertmicro), T4 (FertN), T5 (biostimulant), T6 (Fertmicro+biostimulant), T7 (FertN+biostimulant). The leaf content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients, accumulation of dry mass and rate of forage accumulation, concentrations of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, morphological components were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the Tukey test at the 5% significance level for the comparison of mean values. The use of foliar fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer and biostimulant promoted accumulation of forage dry mass, leaf, stem and dead material and higher rates of accumulation of dry mass of stem and dead material of Urochloa hybrid Convert HD364.

scholarly journals FRAKSI SERAT SILASE KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca) MENGGUNAKAN PENAMBAHAN LEVEL DEDAK DAN LAMA FERMENTASI YANG BERBEDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sari Handayani ◽  
Eniza Saleh ◽  
Anwar Efendi Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Fiber Fraction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Banana peels not much optimally used as a substitute for grass. In 2014 the production of banana peels waste Riau province reaches 7.586 ton. More than a third of the banana that has not been in the strip is banana peels. The purpose of this study to determine the effect with different rice bran level and fermentation time of the fiber fraction silage that includes the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicellulose, and cellulose. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Nutrition Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Pekanbaru. The research was conducted in April until September 2016. This study were an experimental study using a completely randomized design pattern Factorial consisting of rice bran level (0; 5; and 10%) and fermentation time (0; 14; and 28 days), each treatment was repeated 2 times. There were no significant differences (P>0,05) in NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicelluloses, and cellulose. It can be concluded that there is not interaction between rice bran level and fermentation time toward fiber fraction of banana peels silage.

scholarly journals Supplementation of molasses and branched-chain amino acid to increase in vitro digestibility of ammoniated corn cob in ruminants feed

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Wisri Puastuti ◽  
Dwi Yulistiani ◽  
Eko Handiwirawan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Branched Chain

<p>Corn cob contains high fiber and lignin which causes low nutritive value. The objective of the study was to improve the digestibility of ammoniated corn cob (CC) by supplementation of molasses and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA: valine, leucine and isoleucine). CC was processed by addition 3% urea. The first stage of in vitro test was done with 4 levels of molases 0, 5, 10 and 15% of dry matter (DM) of CC. The experiment was carried out using complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The second stage was also in vitro study of supplementation of two levels each for valine = V, leucine = L and isoleucine = I namely 0.1 and 0.2% of DM of ammoniated CC. There were 8 treatments combination of the BCAA as follow: A = V0.1 L0.1 I0.1; E = V0.2 L0.1 I0.1; B = V0.1 L0.1 I0.2; F = V0.2 L0.1 I0.2; C = V0.1 L0.2 I0.1; G = V0.2 L0.2 I0.1; D = V0.1 L0.2 I0.2; H = V0.2 L0.2 I0.2 and 1 control (V0.0 L0.0 I0.0). The experiments were done using completely randomized design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that treated CC with urea was able to increase protein content by 78% (increased from 3.34% to 5.95%) while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased by 15.4%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) by 7.9% and lignin 16.7%. Addition of molasses in ammoniated CC increased DM digestibility (P &lt;0.05) by 7.5% (41.9 vs 43.51-46.26%) and NDF by 17.7% (38.41 vs 43.76 – 46.31%). Supplementation of BCAA resulted in the highest DM, OM and NDF digestibility (P &lt;0.05) in the treatment of A, C, D and G. Compare to treament I, the digestibility of DM, OM and NDF in G treatment increased by 31.4%, 27.5% and 36.5%, respectively and produced the highest total population of rumen bacterial of 12.4 x 109 colonies /ml. It can be concluded that the digestibility of ammoniated CC increased by the supplementation of 5% molases and BCAA combination consisted of 0.2% valine, 0.2% leucine and 0.1% isoleucine.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: Tongkol jagung, amoniasi, molases, asam amino bercabang.</p>

scholarly journals 168 Calf-inated Cups: Disposable coffee cups as a fiber source in ruminant diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Shelby L Wood ◽  
Lauren M Baker ◽  
Nichole M Cherry ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
William B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Pass Through

Abstract Per unit energy, fiber is among the most expensive components of the ruminant diet. Wastes from human enterprises may represent the next step in feedstuff investigation. In an effort to minimize the anthropogenic waste contribution, and as a means to find a more cost-efficient resource to feed ruminant animals, our objective was to determine the nutritive value of disposable coffee cups and warmer sleeves in relation to ruminant nutrition. Discarded cups and warmer sleeves were collected from employees at Tarleton State University in fall of 2017. Cups were obtained from five sources, and warmer sleeves were obtained from two sources. Cups and sleeves were dried at 55°C for 72 h and ground to pass through a 2-mm screen. Ground samples were subjected to a batch-culture in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) assay. Original samples and incubated residues were then assayed for DM, NDF, ADF, and CP. Data were analyzed as a random effects model completely randomized design using the MIXED procedure of SAS. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of source (n = 5) or type (cup or sleeve) for contribution to variance of NDF, ADF, IVTD, and in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD). Mean values for NDF, ADF, IVTD, and IVNDFD across samples were 89.5, 81.4, 24.5, and 18.7%, respectively. Results indicate a low digestibility coefficient for these waste products, thus meaning its use as a feedstuff could be questionable. However, such results provide insight into niches where this product and other anthropogenic wastes may fit in the larger picture of ruminant nutrition

scholarly journals Influence of the period of year on the chemical composition and digestibility of pasture and fodder selected by goats in caatinga

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Messias José dos Santos SILVA ◽  
Dulciene Karla de Andrade SILVA ◽  
André Luiz Rodrigues MAGALHÃES ◽  
Kedes Paulo PEREIRA ◽  
Érica Carla Lopes da SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

SUMMARY This study aimed to verify the influence of months on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of pasture and forage selected by goats in the semiarid region of Brazil’s Pernambuco state. Six male goats fistulated in the rumen were used in a completely randomized design. Forage collection was conducted in herbaceous and shrub/tree layers, in order to simulate goat grazing, and materials were separated into leaves and branches. Extrusa and pasture collections were held in November, January and February/March. There was collection month (P <0.05) effect for pasture on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), with average values of 458.27g/kg NM and 155.46, 521.30 and 390.13g/kg DM, respectively. For the stem (P <0.05) for DM, Organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), ethereal stratum (EE), ADF, acid detergent unavailable protein (AIP), total carbohydrates (TCHO) and dry matter in vitro digestibility (DMIVD), with average values of 487.47g/kg NM and 930.80, 69.07, 20.67, 440.30 and 63.78g/kg DM, respectively. About the extrusa, there was collection time effect (P <0.05) on the DM, OM, MM, CP, EE, AIP, TCHO, Non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and DMIVD, with average values of 84.53g/kg DM, 863.03, 136.97, 152.90, 33.60, 14.07, 676.37 and 55.35g/kg DM, respectively. Rainfall changes in the rainy season in the caatinga altered pasture quality, causing changes in the diet selected by goats, mainly in DM, CP, CNF and DMIVD.

scholarly journals Effects of additives and their levels of inclusion on nutritive value of silage made from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-362
Author(s):  
M. Baba ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
A. Kabiru ◽  
M. V ◽  
G. A. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three additives (molasses, cracked corn and corn-soybean) and inclusion levels (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 %) on nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennistum purpureum) silage. The experimental design was a 3×5 factorial in a completely randomized design with each treatment replicated three times. Samples were obtained from Pasture Museum. Elephant grass stands at late vegetative stage were randomly selected and harvested at 7 cm stubble height. Grass was chopped into 2-3 cm length. Five hundred gram of the sample was weighed in each case; additives were added separately at the designated inclusion levels and mixed thoroughly. Materials were then tightly packed into laboratory silos compressed and sealed tightly and left for a fermentation period of 21 days. The results indicated crude protein (CP) was significantly greater (10.92%) in silage treated with corn-soybean additive compared with other additives. Crude fiber (CF) was observed to be lower in molasses treated elephant grass silage (27.74 %). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were both lower in molasses treated silage (24.76 and 43.26 % respectively). The CP was observed to increase with increased inclusion level of the additive while CF decreased. Values for digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI)as a percentage of body weight and relative feed value (RFV) were greater (P<0.05) in molasses treated silage compared to corn and corn-soybean. The DDM, DMI and RFV values were higher (P<0.05) at 7.5 and 10 % inclusion levels. Significant interactions were observed between additives and inclusion levels in most parameters measured. It was concluded that molasses additive could be used in elephant grass silage during ensiling at 7.5-10 % levels of inclusion.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of Phasey Bean (Macroptilium Lathyroides (L.) Urb.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e2329108456
Author(s):  
Pâmela Peres Farias ◽  
Olmar Antonio Denardin Costa ◽  
Alexsandro Bahr Kröning ◽  
Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Coast Region

The objective of the study was to determine the chimical composition of phasey bean throughout the productive cycle. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Capão do Leão – RS, physiographic south coast region of Rio Grande do Sul. At 45 days after the emergence of the plants, the first cut of the forage evaluation was performed and, at intervals of 15 days, another nine cuts were made, all 5 cm from the soil. The treatments corresponded to different evaluation dates of Macroptilium in free growth in an experiment with ten treatments and three replicates in a completely randomized design. The variables studied were neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), crude protein (PB), total lipids (TL), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression. All variables presented significance (P≤0.05) for cubic regressions, with mean values of: NDF = 58.15; FDA = 38.94; ADL = 9.15; PB = 11.59; TL = 1.18% e; P = 2.29; K = 10.19; Ca = 26.48 and Mg = 4.53 g / kg DM; similar to other hot-legged forage legumes. The bromatological quality of the Macroptilium lathyroides varied during the productive cycle, being directly influenced by the habit of indeterminate growth of the species. From the bromatological quality, the forage of the first growth of the Macroptilium lathyroides should be harvested up to 75 days after emergence, when the lower fiber and lignin contents associated with higher levels of crude protein, lipids, magnesium, and calcium.

scholarly journals 9 Reduce Reuse ReRumen: Variability in nutritive value of paunch manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Taylor J Garcia ◽  
Jeffrey A Brady ◽  
Kimberly A Guay ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
William B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
State University ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Ruminant animals develop a diverse and complex microbial ecosystem for digesting fibrous feedstuffs, but this material represents a cost to the industry when bound for rendering at harvest. Our objective was to determine the feed value of paunch manure recovered from an abattoir. Twelve paunch samples were collected from slaughtered cattle at the Tarleton State University Meat Laboratory, Stephenville, TX. Samples were dried under forced air at 55°C to a constant weight and ground to pass through 2-mm screen. A subsample was ground to 1-mm and assayed for DM, CP, and sequential NDF and ADF. Physically effective fiber (peNDF) was calculated with 2 L of unground, dried at 55 ˚C, paunch material using the manually-operated Penn State Particle Separator. Paunch peNDF was determined by multiplying the physical effectiveness factor by the total NDF content of the sample. Samples (2-mm) were subject to batch culture in vitro digestibility assays for determination of digestibility coefficients. Data were analysed as a random effects model using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Neutral detergent fiber, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF values were 68.1, 39.9, 10.9, 15.0, and 38.7%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the individual animal for NDF, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF was 97.2, 97.9, 95.4, 19.1, and 97.5%, respectively. In vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) was recorded as 46.2% and 21.6%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the animal for IVTD and IVNDFD was 99.05 and 98.49%, respectively. Data collected suggest paunch manure could provide valuable nutrients for livestock production, specifically fiber and protein. For full viability of application in a sustainable system, a centralized receiving and compositing system may be useful for development of a consistent product.

scholarly journals PSIX-27 Moo-vie Snacks: Storage stability and nutritive value of waste popcorn as a feedstock

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 391-391
Author(s):  
Lauren P Bielamowicz ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
William B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The use of by- or co-products in livestock production is not a novel concept. However, as adoption of a novel feed ingredient increases, the cost efficiency of its use generally decreases. Therefore, discovery of novel feed ingredients is a worthwhile academic pursuit. Our objective was to determine the storage stability of popcorn (Zea mays L.) in terms of gain or loss in nutritive value. Popcorn was collected on consecutive weekdays in two wk from a local cinema. Samples (n = 10) were subdivided into 9 aliquots and subjected to storage, uncovered, for 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 35, 70, 105, and 140 d. Following the assigned storage time, samples were dried at 55°C to determine weight loss. Samples were dried at 55°C, ground to pass through a 2-mm screen, and subjected to a batch-culture in vitro assay for digestibility estimates [in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD)]. Subsamples were ground to 1 mm assayed for neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. There was a linear increase (P &lt; 0.01) in weight following open storage which was attributed to absorption of ambient moisture. There was a linear decrease (P = 0.03) in NDF, with values decreasing from 20.2% at d 0 to 16.6% at d 140. However, there was no effect of storage on ADF (P = 0.29), IVTD (P = 0.38), or IVNDFD (P = 0.37). Results are interpreted to mean that waste popcorn is relatively shelf stable and may be a viable candidate as a feedstock for diet formulation.

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