scholarly journals Supplementation of molasses and branched-chain amino acid to increase in vitro digestibility of ammoniated corn cob in ruminants feed

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Wisri Puastuti ◽  
Dwi Yulistiani ◽  
Eko Handiwirawan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Branched Chain

<p>Corn cob contains high fiber and lignin which causes low nutritive value. The objective of the study was to improve the digestibility of ammoniated corn cob (CC) by supplementation of molasses and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA: valine, leucine and isoleucine). CC was processed by addition 3% urea. The first stage of in vitro test was done with 4 levels of molases 0, 5, 10 and 15% of dry matter (DM) of CC. The experiment was carried out using complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The second stage was also in vitro study of supplementation of two levels each for valine = V, leucine = L and isoleucine = I namely 0.1 and 0.2% of DM of ammoniated CC. There were 8 treatments combination of the BCAA as follow: A = V0.1 L0.1 I0.1; E = V0.2 L0.1 I0.1; B = V0.1 L0.1 I0.2; F = V0.2 L0.1 I0.2; C = V0.1 L0.2 I0.1; G = V0.2 L0.2 I0.1; D = V0.1 L0.2 I0.2; H = V0.2 L0.2 I0.2 and 1 control (V0.0 L0.0 I0.0). The experiments were done using completely randomized design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that treated CC with urea was able to increase protein content by 78% (increased from 3.34% to 5.95%) while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased by 15.4%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) by 7.9% and lignin 16.7%. Addition of molasses in ammoniated CC increased DM digestibility (P &lt;0.05) by 7.5% (41.9 vs 43.51-46.26%) and NDF by 17.7% (38.41 vs 43.76 – 46.31%). Supplementation of BCAA resulted in the highest DM, OM and NDF digestibility (P &lt;0.05) in the treatment of A, C, D and G. Compare to treament I, the digestibility of DM, OM and NDF in G treatment increased by 31.4%, 27.5% and 36.5%, respectively and produced the highest total population of rumen bacterial of 12.4 x 109 colonies /ml. It can be concluded that the digestibility of ammoniated CC increased by the supplementation of 5% molases and BCAA combination consisted of 0.2% valine, 0.2% leucine and 0.1% isoleucine.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: Tongkol jagung, amoniasi, molases, asam amino bercabang.</p>

scholarly journals Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatchai Kaewpila ◽  
Pongsatorn Gunun ◽  
Piyawit Kesorn ◽  
Sayan Subepang ◽  
Suwit Thip-uten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Randomized Design

AbstractImproving the nutrition of livestock is an important aspect of global food production sustainability. This study verified whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant could promote ensiling characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro enteric methane (CH4) mitigation of forage sorghum (FS) mixture silage in attacking malnutrition in Zebu beef cattle. The FS at the soft dough stage, Cavalcade hay (CH), and cassava chip (CC) were obtained. The treatments were designed as a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was FS prepared without or with CH, CC, and CH + CC. Factor B was untreated or treated with Lactobacillus casei TH14. The results showed that all FS mixture silages preserved well with lower pH values below 4.0 and higher lactic acid contents above 56.4 g/kg dry matter (DM). Adding LAB boosted the lactic acid content of silages. After 24 h and 48 h of in vitro rumen incubation, the CC-treated silage increased in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) with increased total gas production and CH4 production. The LAB-treated silage increased IVDMD but decreased CH4 production. Thus, the addition of L. casei TH14 inoculant could improve lactic acid fermentation, in vitro digestibility, and CH4 mitigation in the FS mixture silages.

scholarly journals The Relative Performance of a Benchtop Scanning Monochromator and Handheld Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectrometer in Predicting Forage Nutritive Value

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Digman ◽  
Jerry H. Cherney ◽  
Debbie J. R. Cherney
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Advanced manufacturing techniques have enabled low-cost, on-chip spectrometers. Little research exists, however, on their performance relative to the state of technology systems. The present study compares the utility of a benchtop FOSS NIRSystems 6500 (FOSS) to a handheld NeoSpectra-Scanner (NEO) to develop models that predict the composition of dried and ground grass, and alfalfa forages. Mixed-species prediction models were developed for several forage constituents, and performance was assessed using an independent dataset. Prediction models developed with spectra from the FOSS instrument had a standard error of prediction (SEP, % DM) of 1.4, 1.8, 3.3, 1.0, 0.42, and 1.3, for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), true in vitro digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and crude protein (CP), respectively. The R2P for these models ranged from 0.90 to 0.97. Models developed with the NEO resulted in an average increase in SEP of 0.14 and an average decrease in R2P of 0.002.

scholarly journals 175 Reduce Reuse ReRumen: Variability in nutritive value of paunch manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Taylor J Garcia ◽  
Jeffrey A Brady ◽  
Kimberly A Guay ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
William B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
State University ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Ruminant animals develop a diverse and complex microbial ecosystem for digesting fibrous feedstuffs, but this material represents a cost to the industry when bound for rendering at harvest. Our objective was to determine the feed value of paunch manure recovered from an abattoir. Twelve paunch samples were collected from slaughtered cattle at the Tarleton State University Meat Laboratory, Stephenville, TX. Samples were dried under forced air at 55°C to a constant weight and ground to pass through 2-mm screen. A subsample was ground to 1-mm and assayed for DM, CP, and sequential NDF and ADF. Physically effective fiber (peNDF) was calculated with 2 L of unground, dried at 55 ˚C, paunch material using the manually-operated Penn State Particle Separator. Paunch peNDF was determined by multiplying the physical effectiveness factor by the total NDF content of the sample. Samples (2-mm) were subject to batch culture in vitro digestibility assays for determination of digestibility coefficients. Data were analysed as a random effects model using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Neutral detergent fiber, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF values were 68.1, 39.9, 10.9, 15.0, and 38.7%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the individual animal for NDF, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF was 97.2, 97.9, 95.4, 19.1, and 97.5%, respectively. In vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) was recorded as 46.2% and 21.6%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the animal for IVTD and IVNDFD was 99.05 and 98.49%, respectively. Data collected suggest paunch manure could provide valuable nutrients for livestock production, specifically fiber and protein. For full viability of application in a sustainable system, a centralized receiving and compositing system may be useful for development of a consistent product.

scholarly journals Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2 regulates ferroptotic cell death in cancer cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Wang ◽  
Zhengyang Zhang ◽  
Hsiang-i Tsai ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death driven by cellular metabolism and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has been implicated as a tumor-suppressor function for cancer therapy. Recent advance revealed that the sensitivity to ferroptosis is tightly linked to numerous biological processes, including metabolism of amino acid and the biosynthesis of glutathione. Here, by using a high-throughput CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screen in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells to search for metabolic proteins inhibiting ferroptosis, we identified a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2) as a novel suppressor of ferroptosis. Mechanistically, ferroptosis inducers (erastin, sorafenib, and sulfasalazine) activated AMPK/SREBP1 signaling pathway through iron-dependent ferritinophagy, which in turn inhibited BCAT2 transcription. We further confirmed that BCAT2 as the key enzyme mediating the metabolism of sulfur amino acid, regulated intracellular glutamate level, whose activation by ectopic expression specifically antagonize system Xc– inhibition and protected liver and pancreatic cancer cells from ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. On the contrary, direct inhibition of BCAT2 by RNA interference, or indirect inhibition by blocking system Xc– activity, triggers ferroptosis. Finally, our results demonstrate the synergistic effect of sorafenib and sulfasalazine in downregulating BCAT2 expression and dictating ferroptotic death, where BCAT2 can also be used to predict the responsiveness of cancer cells to ferroptosis-inducing therapies. Collectively, these findings identify a novel role of BCAT2 in ferroptosis, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming sorafenib resistance.

scholarly journals THE STUDY ON IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF SOAKED PALM OIL FIBER BY FILTRATED PALM OIL FRUIT BUNCH ASH

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari L. Darmawan ◽  
ASEP IRAWAN ◽  
TIDI DHALIKA ◽  
ANA R. TARMIDI ◽  
MANSYUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Processed Products

Palm oil fiber has its potency as feed fiber source for ruminant, but contains high lignin and causes limited digestibility. This research was carried out to find the effect of soaking palm oil fiber in filtrated palm oil fruit bunch ash (FPOFBA) on in vitro digestibility. This experiment used a completely randomized design that repeated for 4times. Palm oil fruit bunch ash was mixed in water and entered into container for 24 hours within concentrations, consists of: 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/L. Moreover, this filtrate used to soak palm oil fiber for 3 hours. The processed products were analyzed for their level of lignin and crude fiber. Meanwhile, in vitro test was used to measure digestibility. It showed that soaking in filtrated palm oil fruit bunch ash gave significant effect to decrease level of lignin and crude fiber (P<0.05), and without soaking to improve digestibility of dry and organic matter compared to control treatment (P<0.05). Treatment with 150 g/L and 200 g/L using filtrated palm oil fruit bunch ash produced low level of lignin (P<0.05), as of: 17.25 and 18.53%. In contrast, within concentration of 150 g/L produced higher level of crude fiber compared to 200 g/L (46.04 vs. 43.87%). This seemed to have the same results in digestibility of dry and organic matter (P>0.05), such as 23.48 and 24.12% as well as 16.70 and 17.06 % in each. It can be concluded that soaked palm oil fiber with 150 g/L concentration of filtrated palm oil fruit bunch ash was more effective in improving digestibility.

scholarly journals Branched-chain-amino-acid-preferring peptidase activity of the lobster multicatalytic proteinase (proteasome) and the degradation of myofibrillar proteins

1995 ◽  
Vol 306 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Mykles ◽  
M F Haire
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Myofibrillar Proteins ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Multicatalytic Proteinase ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Branched Chain

The multicatalytic proteinase (MCP or proteasome) is a large proteolytic complex that contains at least five catalytic components: the trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolase (PGPH), branched-chain-amino-acid-preferring (BrAAP) and small-neutral-amino-acid-preferring activities. We have shown that brief heating of the lobster muscle proteasome activates a proteolytic activity that degrades casein and myofibrillar proteins and is distinct from the trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and PGPH components. Here we identify the BrAAP activity as a catalytic component involved in the initial degradation of myofibrillar proteins in vitro. This conclusion is based on the following. (1) The BrAAP component was activated by heat-treatment, whereas the other four peptidase activities were not. (2) The BrAAP and proteolytic activities showed similar sensitivities to cations and protease inhibitors: both were inhibited by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, chymostatin, N-ethylmaleimide and Mg2+, but were not affected by leupeptin, phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride or Li+. (3) The BrAAP activity was inhibited most strongly by casein substrates and troponin; conversely, the troponin-degrading activity was inhibited by the BrAAP substrate. Another significant finding was that incubation of the heat-activated MCP in the presence of chymostatin resulted in the limited cleavage of troponin-T2 (45 kDa) to two fragments of 41 and 42 kDa; this cleavage was completely suppressed by leupeptin. These results suggest that under certain conditions the trypsin-like component can cleave endogenous protein.

scholarly journals Branched-chain amino acid metabolism and alanine formation in rat diaphragm muscle in vitro. Effects of dichloroacetate

1984 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Snell ◽  
D A Duff
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Branched Chain

Dichloroacetate (which activates pyruvate dehydrogenase) decreases the release of alanine, pyruvate and lactate in hemidiaphragm incubations with valine. Dichloroacetate interferes with alanine formation by diverting pyruvate into oxidative pathways, which not only limits pyruvate availability for direct transamination to form alanine but also indirectly affects branched-chain amino acid transamination by limiting 2-oxoglutarate regeneration from glutamate.

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