scholarly journals The congestion relief benefit of public transit: evidence from Rome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin W Adler ◽  
Federica Liberini ◽  
Antonio Russo ◽  
Jos N van Ommeren
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Bus Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport Service

Abstract We estimate the effect of public transport supply on travel times of motor-vehicle and bus users in Rome, Italy. We apply a quasi-experimental methodology exploiting hourly information on public transport service reductions during strikes. We find that a 10-percentage point reduction in public transit supply increases the travel time of motor-vehicles by about 1.6% in the morning peak. The effect on bus travel time is similar. The congestion-relief benefit of public transport is thus sizeable and bus travel time gains account for an important share of it.

scholarly journals Genetic Algorithm for Multiple Bus Line Coordination on Urban Arterial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shuyan Chen ◽  
Haoyang Ding ◽  
Xiaowei Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Bus Travel Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Arterial

Bus travel time on road section is defined and analyzed with the effect of multiple bus lines. An analytical model is formulated to calculate the total red time a bus encounters when travelling along the arterial. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the offset scheme of traffic signals to minimize the total red time that all bus lines encounter in two directions of the arterial. The model and algorithm are applied to the major part ofZhongshan NorthStreet in the city of Nanjing. The results show that the methods in this paper can reduce total red time of all the bus lines by 31.9% on the object arterial and thus improve the traffic efficiency of the whole arterial and promote public transport priority.

scholarly journals Evaluating accessibility of small communities via public transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Antonio Danesi ◽  
Simone Tengattini
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Total Travel Time ◽  
Travel Impedance ◽  
The City

Accessibility to and from urban centres allows small communities’ dwellers to participate in primary activities and use essential services that are not available on-site, such as educational, work and medical services. Public transport networks are supposed to enhance accessibility and pursue equity principles, overcoming socio-economical differences among people that can exacerbate during crisis. In this paper a methodology is proposed and implemented to assess small communities’ accessibility via public transit. A metric is defined based on the calculation of total travel time, taken as a proxy of travel impedance, with consideration of in-vehicle time, schedule delay and users’ arrival and departure preference curves (i.e. time-of-day functions). A “rooftops” model is specified and implemented under the assumption that travellers cannot accept (scheduled) late arrival or early departure time penalties before and after the participation in their activities in the main urban centre, as many activities rarely admit time-flexibility. Also, a public transport specific impedance factor (PTSIF) is proposed, in order to account for travel impedance determinants, which are a consequence of service scheduling and routing decisions and not due to inherent geographical and infrastructural disadvantages affecting car users too. An application of the methodology for the city of Cesena, Italy, and 90 surrounding small communities is presented. The city is served by train and bus services. Assessment of small communities' accessibility based on both total travel time and PTSIF is presented and discussed. This practice-ready quantitative method can help transport professionals to evaluate impacts on small communities’ accessibility in light of public transport service changes or reduction. Quantitative approach to support strategic decisions is needed, for example, both to assess public transport strengthening politics against depopulation of rural and marginal mountainous areas and to mitigate the effects of possible increasing concentration of services towards high-demand lines, which may follow as a consequence of budget cuts or contingencies, such as vehicle capacity reductions required by sanitary emergencies.

scholarly journals Can a polycentric structure affect travel behaviour? A comparison of Melbourne, Australia and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alqhatani ◽  
S. Setunge ◽  
S. Mirodpour
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Productive Time ◽  
Public Transport Service

Abstract This study models the impact of the shift from a monocentric private-car-oriented city to polycentric public-transport-oriented city. Metropolitan areas have suffered traffic problems—in particular increase in travel time and travel distance. Urban expansion, population growth and road network development have led to urban sprawl in monocentric cities. In many monocentric cities, travel time and distance has steadily increased and is only expected to increase in the future. Excessive travel leads to several problems such as air pollution, noise, congestion, reduction in productive time, greenhouse emissions, and increased stress and accident rates. This study examines the interaction of land use and travel. A model was developed and calibrated to Melbourne and Riyadh conditions and used for scenario analysis. This model included two parts: a spatial model and a transport model. The scenario analysis included variations of residential and activity distribution, as well as conditions of public transport service.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Penyelenggaraan Tiket Terpadu Antar Moda (TITAM) di Stasiun Gambir

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Siti Maimunah
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Public Transport Service

Organizing TIT AM or inter-modal integrated ticketing is a form of public transport service impravement in praviding service and convenience for the users in order to support the implementation of inter-modal transport effectively and efficiently. By using conjoint analysis method is expected to knaw the preferences of respondents in the implementation of TIT AM, while the descriptive analysis is used to evaluate the implementation TIT AM. The results shaw that not many people who knaw TITAM evident from the survey results there are 60% of respondents do not know TITAM. Hawever, the expected of respondents by TITAM implementation is to increase comfort and to reduce queues in the purchase of tickets to make shorter travel time. Through conjoint analysis method was concluded that the willingness of society to the implementation of TIT AM are buying tickets online and manual (in combination), and type of electronic tickets, as well as connecting mode of train, bus and ship the first choice of respondents who indicated the highest utility or satisfaction for service users. Keywords: integrated ticket, conjoint analysis

scholarly journals Identification of Factors to Improve Public Transit Services (A Case Study of Prithvi Chowk to Talchowk Section of Prithivi Highway)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Baral ◽  
Prem Nath Bastola
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Transport Carrier ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Causes Of Delays

This research presents studies on a segment of highway to determine the quantitative factors that inuence transit services. Travel time and delay study is one of the method to determine quantitative factors. Tour time is described as the average period of time required to journey from one region to some other. Total departure time consists of gadgets which include total working time, places and general delay time. The examine section was done in Prithvi chowk to Tal chowk of Prithvi Highway which is turned to be 12.5 km long. Additionally, it has been found that the principle variables affecting travel time are: postpone time because of forestall selecting and choosing up passengers, bus model and bus size.32 trips public transport carrier and a 10 trips non-public automobile journey have been held during peak hours. Models are developed the use of SPSS software to become aware of the relationship between the causes of delays and the overall-time delays. Travel time and learning delays can help reduce the number of private vehicles operating and increase the number of public vehicles in order to reduce congestion and improve the e efficiency of the public transport system. It turned into determined that there was a full-size distinction in tour time among the use of the public transit services and the car.

scholarly journals Psychiatry, the law and death on the roads

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
On The Road

The motor vehicle on the road has a history of only just over 100 years. It is a major form of personal and public transport, but is also associated with hazards and risks. Many more people are killed on the roads each year in Britain than are the victims of homicide. General and forensic pyschiatric evaluation of offenders charged with or convicted of motoring offences is, however, infrequent, despite the presence of mental health problems in some of them. I describe psychiatric, criminological and legal factors associated with driving of motor vehicles, as many psychiatric patients have driving licences and have access to a vehicle or, indeed, may decide to drive unlicensed.

scholarly journals Changes in workplace car parking and commute mode: a natural experimental study

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S Knott ◽  
Stephen J Sharp ◽  
Oliver T Mytton ◽  
David Ogilvie ◽  
Jenna Panter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Health Changes ◽  
Generalised Estimating Equations ◽  
Mode A ◽  
Natural Experimental Study

BackgroundThe use of private motor vehicles places a considerable burden on public health. Changes in workplace car parking policies may be effective in shifting behaviour. We use a natural experimental design to assess whether changes in policy were associated with differences in commute mode.MethodsWe used cohort data from participants working in Cambridge (2009–2012). Commuters reported their trips and travel modes to work over the last week, workplace car parking policy and socioeconomic, environmental and health characteristics. Changes in policy were defined between phases (1608 transition periods; 884 participants). Using generalised estimating equations, we estimated associations between changes in parking policy and the proportion of trips that (i) were exclusively by motor vehicle, (ii) involved walking or cycling and (iii) involved public transport at follow-up.Results25.1% of trips were made by motor vehicle, 54.6% involved walking or cycling and 11.7% involved public transport. The introduction of free or paid workplace parking was associated with higher proportions of motor vehicle trips (11.4%, 95% CI (6.4 to 16.3)) and lower proportions involving walking or cycling (−13.3%, 95% CI (−20.2 to –6.4)) and public transport (−5.8%, 95% CI (−10.6 to –0.9)) compared with those with no workplace parking. Restrictive changes in policy were associated with shifts in the expected direction but these were not statistically significant.ConclusionRelaxation of parking policy was associated with higher proportions of trips made by motor vehicle. Further longitudinal and intervention research is required to assess generalisability of these findings.

scholarly journals Transit Signal Priority in Smart Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Moghimi ◽  
Camille Kamga
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Service Reliability ◽  
Transit Signal Priority ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Transit Agencies

Giving priority to public transport vehicles at traffic signals is one of the traffic management strategies deployed at emerging smart cities to increase the quality of service for public transit users. It is a key to breaking the vicious cycle of congestion that threatens to bring cities into gridlock. In that cycle, increasing private traffic makes public transport become slower, less reliable, and less attractive. This results in deteriorated transit speed and reliability and induces more people to leave public transit in favor of the private cars, which create more traffic congestion, generate emissions, and increase energy consumption. Prioritizing public transit would break the vicious cycle and make it a more attractive mode as traffic demand and urban networks grow. A traditional way of protecting public transit from congestion is to move it either underground or above ground, as in the form of a metro/subway or air rail or create a dedicated lane as in the form of bus lane or light rail transit (LRT). However, due to the enormous capital expense involved or the lack of right-of-way, these solutions are often limited to few travel corridors or where money is not an issue. An alternative to prioritizing space to transit is to prioritize transit through time in the form of Transit Signal Priority (TSP). Noteworthy, transit and specifically bus schedules are known to be unstable and can be thrown off their schedule with even small changes in traffic or dwell time. At the same time, transit service reliability is an important factor for passengers and transit agencies. Less variability in transit travel time will need less slack or layover time. Thus, transit schedulers are interested in reducing transit travel time and its variability. One way to reach this goal is through an active intervention like TSP. In this chapter a comprehensive review of transit signal priority models is presented. The studies are classified into different categories which are: signal priority and different control systems, passive versus active priority, predictive transit signal priority, priority with connected vehicles, multi-modal signal priority models, and other practical considerations.

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