Early sex determination of Turkey by observation of differences in body weight between male and female

The present study was conducted to determine the early sex in turkeys by observation of the differences in body weight between male and female birds. A total of 30-day old black color unsexed poults having almost similar body weight at hatching were considered for the experimentation and housed at the Poultry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. All birds were reared up to 12 weeks of age under intensive management with supplementation of commercial broiler starter and grower feeds. Birds were reared under similar management conditions. Significantly higher (p<0.01) body weight was attained in male poults (104g/bird) than the female (90g/bird) at the end of 1st week of age. Similarly, at the end of 2nd week of age higher (p<0.01) body weight attained by male poults (198.31g/bird) than the female (162.13g/bird). At the end of 3rd weeks of age male poults attained higher (p<0.01) body weight (307.23g/bird) than the female (251.33g/bird). After 4 weeks of rearing, male turkeys attained significantly higher (p<0.01) live body weight (424.46g/bird) than the female turkeys (347.87g/bird). The weekly average body weight gains of male and female birds were 94.18g/bird and 76.5g/bird, respectively. Thus, the male and female birds were successfully identified on the basis of differences in their body weight. Weekly feed intake for both the male and female birds was also increased with their age. Up to 4 weeks of age, both the male and female poults consumed same amount of feed (753.46g/bird). The FCR of male and female poults differed non-significantly in 1st, 3rd and 4th week. On the contrary, in 2nd week of age the FCR of male poults (1.60) was significantly lower (p<0.01) than female (2.11). Survivability was 100% up to 4th week of age irrespective of sex of the poults. The birds were reared up to 12 weeks of age until to confirm their sex by observation of the phenotypic appearance. Results of the phenotypic observation of male and female birds correspondence hundred percent accuracy with the results obtained in body weight based differences between male and female birds. It is therefore concluded that farmers can identify male or female poults as early as first week of age on the basis of body weight differences. Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 218-226, 2020

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Determination of the Economic Effects in Intesive Production of Piglets

Macedonian Veterinary Review ◽

10.1515/macvetrev-2016-0090 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 233-238

Author(s):

Milorad Mirilović ◽

Branko Velebit ◽

Spomenka Djurić ◽

Branislav Vejnović ◽

Mirjana Dimitrijević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Production Costs ◽

Litter Production ◽

Reproduction Process ◽

High Level ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight ◽

Personal Incomes

AbstractCritical indicators of intensive production in hog raising are continuity of production, high level of produced series-tours, application of the most contemporary technological achievements without any turnover of capital, high merchandise turnover, and intensive usage of the reproduction potential of breeding material. Production of piglets represents one of the most essential phases in the production of pork meat. In spite of genetic factors, duration of interval wean-conception is one of the basic factors in determination of bringing forth indexes and number of piglets per litter. In order to recognize production costs of piglets completely we found nutrition costs for piglets and sows represent 61%, while other costs such as personal incomes, veterinary services, water, energy, losses, and amortization represent 39% of total costs. On the basis of cost price per feeding day of a sow and the number of piglets per litter, production costs of piglets older than 28 days with an average body weight of 7 kg were determined. Price cost per piglet after weaning, with 7 kg average body weight, and 146 days of reproduction process accounts for 21,78 EUR if there are 10 piglets in a litter. If the reproductive cycle would last exactly the same and if successful conception would be achieved 25 days after weaning, production cost per piglet would be 23,79 EUR.

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THE EFFECTS OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATIONS IN PREDICTING THE NON-PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT OF BROILERS IN STARTER PHASE

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i2.12200 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Rateh Wulandari ◽

Ferry Poernama ◽

Zuprizal Zuprizal ◽

Nanung Danar Dono

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Phytate Phosphorus ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Different Levels ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

This study was aimed to observe the requirements of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) with phytase supplementation in starter phase broiler. A total number of 1000 broiler (500 males and 500 females) were divided into 5 dietary treatments for 21 days rearing period. The treatment diets (P1-P5) were basal diets with 0.67% Calcium (Ca) and 60 FTU phytase that combined with NPP at different levels, i.e.: 0.420% (P1); 0.345% (P2); 0.270% (P3); 0.195% (P4); 0.120% (P5). The basal diet was a corn-soybean based diet that contained 0.097% Ca and 0.124% Phosphorus (P). The data were subjected to a one-way ANOVA using complete randomized design. Response variables that observed in current study were: feed intake, nett gain, feed convertion ratio, average body weight, mortality and toe ash. Measurement of responses due to the reduction of NPP supplementation on average body weight and toe ash were then followed subsequently by generating equation for quadratic curve y = ax2+bx+c to determinate the NPP requirement. Determination of the maximum response was done through ymaks = -b/2a. Results showed that based on average body weight, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation were 0.317% for the 0-10 days; 0.314% for the 11-21 days; and 0.315% for the the 0-21 days rearing periods. Based on toe ash content, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation was 0.990% (toe) for the 21 days rearing period. This study was aimed to observe the requirements of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) with phytase supplementation in starter phase broiler. A total number of 1000 broiler (500 males and 500 females) were divided into 5 dietary treatments for 21 days rearing period. The treatment diets (P1-P5) were basal diets with 0.67% Calcium (Ca) and 60 FTU phytase that combined with NPP at different levels, i.e.: 0.420% (P1); 0.345% (P2); 0.270% (P3); 0.195% (P4); 0.120% (P5). The basal diet was a corn-soybean based diet that contained 0.097% Ca and 0.124% Phosphorus (P). The data were subjected to a one-way ANOVA using complete randomized design. Response variables that observed in current study were: feed intake, nett gain, feed convertion ratio, average body weight, mortality and toe ash. Measurement of responses due to the reduction of NPP supplementation on average body weight and toe ash were then followed subsequently by generating equation for quadratic curve y = ax2+bx+c to determinate the NPP requirement. Determination of the maximum response was done through ymaks = -b/2a. Results showed that based on average body weight, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation were 0.317% for the 0-10 days; 0.314% for the 11-21 days; and 0.315% for the the 0-21 days rearing periods. Based on toe ash content, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation was 0.990% (toe) for the 21 days rearing period.

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THE EFFECT OF (Morinda citrifolia L.) MEAL IN DIET ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.2.1.21-27 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Yosi Fenita

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Levels ◽

Effect Of Feeding ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

The objective of the research was to evaluate to effect of feeding mengkudu on performances of broilers. The research design used was completely randomized design. One hundred broilers were distributed into five treatments. The treatments were different levels of mengkudu meal (0, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25 % and 3%). The observed measured were feed consumption, average body weight (gain) and feed conversion. Results showed that feeding mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.) no effect significant (P>0.05) on feed consumption, average body weight and feed conversion. In conclusion, feeding mengkudu meal up to 3% (in diet) does not negatively affect feed consumption, average body weight, and feed conversion.

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The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1511

Author(s):

Joseph P. Gulizia ◽

Kevin M. Downs

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

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Quantitative characteristics of the carcasses of Moxotó and Canindé goats fed diets with two different energy levels

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000700024 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 1565-1570 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Chacon Lisboa ◽

Dermeval Araújo Furtado ◽

Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros ◽

Roberto Germano Costa ◽

Rita de Cássia do Egypto Queiroga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Level ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Final Weight ◽

Quantitative Characteristics ◽

Energetic Level ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quantitative characteristics of carcasses of Moxotó and Canindé goats finished in feedlots and fed diets of two levels of energy. It was used 40 castrated young goats, 20 from Moxotó breed and 20 from Canindé breed, each one with an average body weight of 15.2 kg. The animals were fed with diets containing 2.20 and 2.71 (Mcal/kg DM). The experimental period lasted 86 days. There was no difference among the barometric measures of Moxotó and Canindé kids. Canindé goats showed higher final weight, higher weight after fasting and higher hot and cold carcass weights when compared to the Moxotó animals. Animals that consumed diets with higher energy level had higher final weight and conformation as well as higher carcass yield. Considering the percentage values of the commercial meat cuts, no difference among treatments was observed. The diet was the factor that most influenced the non-constituent components of the carcass of Moxotó and Canindé goats. In general, animals belonging to the Canindé breed presented higher quantitative characteristics than the Moxotó breed. Supply of diets with higher energetic level (2.71 Mcal/kg DM) for goats from Moxotó and Canindé breeds, in feedlots, favors the production of carcass with higher yields and heavier commercial meat cuts.

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INTERAKSI GENOTIPE DENGAN LINGKUNGAN, ADAPTABILITAS, DAN STABILITAS PENAMPILAN FENOTIPIK EMPAT VARIETAS UNGGUL IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.10.1.2015.1-9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Didik Ariyanto ◽

Nunuk Listiyowati

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Genetic Factor ◽

Environment Factors ◽

Pelleted Feed ◽

Environment Factor ◽

Net Cages ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

Penampilan fenotipik suatu organisme ditentukan oleh faktor genetik dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan tempat organisme tersebut hidup. Dalam beberapa kasus, interaksi antara faktor genetik dengan lingkungan juga berpengaruh terhadap penampilan fenotipik yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari interaksi antara faktor genetik dengan lingkungan, daya adaptabilitas dan stabilitas penampilan fenotipik khususnya bobot individu pada empat varietas unggul ikan nila yang dipelihara di tiga lokasi berbeda. Ikan nila varietas GMT, merah NIFI, NIRWANA dan BEST dipelihara di tambak payau di Indramayu, kolam air tenang di Sukamandi dan karamba jaring apung di Waduk Cirata, Kabupaten Cianjur, selama empat bulan pemeliharaan. Benih ikan nila diberi pakan pelet komersial dengan kandungan protein kasar 28%-30%, sebanyak 10%; 7,5%; 5%; dan 2,5% dari biomassa ikan masing-masing pada bulan pertama, kedua, ketiga, dan keempat. Pakan diberikan dengan frekuensi dua kali setiap hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot ikan nila secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, lingkungan, serta interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut. Selain ikan nila GMT, tiga varietas ikan nila yang diuji mempunyai adaptabilitas lingkungan relatif sempit, serta stabilitas penampilan fenotipik karakter bobot individu relatif rendah. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengembangan budidaya ikan nila GMT dapat dilakukan di semua lokasi, sedangkan ikan nila merah NIFI, NIRWANA, dan BEST akan optimal jika dilakukan di lokasi tertentu saja.Phenotypic performance was determined by genetic and environment factors and their interaction. This study was conducted to examinethe present of interaction both of genetic and environment factors, adaptability, and stability of phenotypic performance of four varieties of tilapia which maintained in three different location. GMT, red NIFI, NIRWANA, and BEST tilapia strains were reared for four months in net cages in Cirata reservoir in Cianjur, in earthen ponds in Sukamandi and in brackish water ponds in Indramayu. All fish were fed with commercial pelleted feed contained of crude protein 28%-30%, about 10%, 7.5%, 5%, and 2.5% each day in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th month, respectively. The results showed that tilapia’s phenotipic performance especially the average body weight was significantly affected by genetic factor, environment factor, and interaction both of them factors. Except the GMT, all tilapia strains used in this study have narrow phenotypic adaptability and stability, especially in average body weight. This results indicated that GMT tilapia strain can be farmed in various areas, but red NIFI, NIRWANA, and BEST tilapia strains are most likely in a specific location.

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Retensi Nitrogen dan Konversi Pakan Ayam Lokal Persilangan yang Diberi Ekstrak Umbi Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) sebagai Sumber Inulin

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v12i2.4762 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

A. F. Fanani ◽

N. Suthama ◽

B. Sukamto

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Native Chicken ◽

Local Chicken ◽

Average Body ◽

Basal Ration ◽

Average Body Weight

The research was aimed to evaluate used dahlia tubersextract as inulinsource onnitrogen retention and feed conversion of crossbred local chicken (male native chicken × female laying hen). Three weeks old 160 unsex birds with average body weight 180.46±1.21g were kept until 8 weeks. The experimentwas designed ascompletely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications (@10 birds). Treatments applied were T0: basal ration, T1: ration + 0.39% extract, T2: ration + 0.78% extract, T3: ration + 1.17% extract. Parameters observed werenitrogen retention, energy metabolism and feed conversion. The data were statistically analyzed according to ANOVA and continued by Duncan test at the level of 5%. The results showed that feeding dahlia tuberextract significantly affect (P<0.05) nitrogen retentionwith value T0-T3 (1.3g, 1.47g, 1.43g, 1.7g)and feed conversion (4.15, 3.58, 3.75, 3.47), but not significant of energy metabolism. In conclusion, the higher levels of feeding inulin in the form of extract in T3 (1.17%), increase nitrogen retention and improve feed conversionof crossbred local chicken.

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Frequency of neonatal complications after premature delivery

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2013.32 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gordana Grgić ◽

Elvira Brkičević ◽

Dženita Ljuca ◽

Edin Ostrvica ◽

Azur Tulumović

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Premature Delivery ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

Introduction: Preterm delivery is the delivery before 37 weeks of gestation are completed. The incidence of preterm birth ranges from 5 to 15%. Aims of the study were to determine the average body weight, Apgar score after one and five minutes, and the frequency of the most common complications in preterminfants.Methods: The study involved a total of 631 newborns, of whom 331 were born prematurely Aims of this study were to (24th-37th gestational weeks-experimental group), while 300 infants were born in time (37-42 weeks of gestation-control group).Results: Average body weight of prematurely born infants was 2382 grams, while the average Apgar score in this group after the fi rst minute was 7.32 and 7.79 after the fifth minute. The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was 50%, intracranial hemorrhage, 28.1% and 4.8% of sepsis. Respiratory distresssyndrome was more common in infants born before 32 weeks of gestation. Mortality of premature infants is present in 9.1% and is higher than that of infants born at term.Conclusions: Birth body weight and Apgar scores was lower in preterm infants. Respiratory distress syndrome is the most common fetal complication of prematurity. Intracranial hemorrhage is the second most common complication of prematurity. Mortality of premature infants is higher than the mortality of infants born at term birth.

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The regional centile table of the newborn’s body weight for the city of Kiev and the Kiev region

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2018.130.30 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

V.V. Bila ◽

◽

V.O. Golyanovsky ◽

V.M. Muravyov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

The Body ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Perinatal Center ◽

Unbalanced Diet ◽

The City ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

The objective: to develop a regional gestational percentiles table of body weight for newborns in Kiev and Kyiv’s oblast. Materials and methods. Data of the body weight of newborns were collected from Kyiv City Perinatal Center from January 2016 by January 2017. The total number included 5244 live births in the period of gestation 40+0–40+6 weeks of gestation. The standard deviation of the body weight, expressed as the percentage of the average body weight of all newborns, as well as the percentil calculator developed by Hadlock et al, supported by the WHO (2008), was used to generate the percentages and curves of the body weight. Materials and methods. A newborn body weight percentile table was constructed, depending on the gestational age. Differences were observed between the current average body weight of newborns for Kyiv and current WHO links. Conclusion. We found a rise in the average body weight of newborns, which we associate with excessive, unbalanced diet and the prescribing of a complex of multivitamins and biologically active substances during pregnancy. This indicates the importance of using this table for differential diagnosis of normal fetal growth from intrauterine growth restriction and small for fetal gestational age within the region of Kyiv and oblast. Key words: delayed fetal growth, percentile table of the city of Kiev, average body weight of newborns, percentile schedule.

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Performance and ingestive and social behavior of young cattle with different sexual conditions supplemented in Aruana pasture

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2565 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2565

Author(s):

Odilene De Souza Teixeira ◽

Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽

Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽

José Laerte Nörnberg ◽

Jonatas Cattelam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Social Behavior ◽

Agonistic Behavior ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Young Cattle ◽

Energy Supplementation ◽

And Behavior ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

This study was conducted aiming at measuring the performance and behavior of beef cattle surgically castrated, immunocastrated or non-castrated, finished at 18 months old in Aruana pasture and with energy supplementation. Thirty-nine male bovines with an initial average body weight and age of 284.1 ± 31.4 kg and 14 months old, respectively, were used. The bromatological composition analysis and productive parameters of the pasture did not differ between treatments. The performance of young cattle was not changed by the sexual condition. When evaluating the agonistic behavior, the non-castrated bovine presented a higher number of activities, such as threats and fights, in relation to those immunocastrated. The time spent on the feeder by non-castrated young cattle (56.20 minutes) was higher than that observed for surgically castrated or immunocastrated (41.43 and 32.38 minutes, respectively). The combination between the correct management of Aruana pasture and use of supplementation showed to be promising for finishing bovines. Both surgically castrated and immunocastrated steers demonstrated to be equivalents in the performed evaluations. Therefore, if the farmer chooses castration, the use of immunocastration is suggested. This practice is less invasive, preserves animal welfare more than surgical castration, and has a lower cost.

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