scholarly journals Variations in Dietary Protein but Not in Dietary Fat Plus Cellulose or Carbohydrate Levels Affect Cysteine Metabolism in Rat Isolated Hepatocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (9) ◽  
pp. 2179-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Bella ◽  
Young Hye Kwon ◽  
Martha H. Stipanuk
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Cysteine Metabolism ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

scholarly journals Dietary Fat and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intakes during Childhood Are Prospectively Associated with Puberty Timing Independent of Dietary Protein

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Yujie Xu ◽  
Jingyuan Xiong ◽  
Wanke Gao ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Shufang Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Total Fat

Dietary fat and fat quality have been inconsistently associated with puberty timing. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective associations of dietary fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) with puberty timing. Using longitudinal data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth (SCCNG) Study, we analyzed dietary data, anthropometric measurements, and potential confounders. Dietary intakes were assessed by 3-day 24-h recalls. Age at Tanner stage 2 for breast/genital development (B2/G2) and age at menarche/voice break (M/VB) were used as puberty development markers. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the relevance of dietary intake of total fat, SFA, PUFA, and MUFA on puberty timing. Among 3425 girls and 2495 boys, children with higher intakes of total fat and PUFA were more likely to reach their B2/G2 or M/VB at an earlier age. Associations were not attenuated on additional adjustment for childhood dietary protein intake. However, higher intakes of SFA or MUFA were not independently associated with puberty development. A higher intake of dietary fat and PUFA in prepuberty was associated with earlier puberty timing, which was independent of dietary protein intake.

scholarly journals Effect of Overeating Dietary Protein at Different Levels on Circulating Lipids and Liver Lipid: The PROOF Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3801
Author(s):  
George A. Bray ◽  
Leanne M. Redman ◽  
Jennifer Rood ◽  
Lilian de Jonge ◽  
Steven R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

Background: During overeating, a low protein diet slowed the rate of weight gain and increased the energy cost of the added weight, suggesting that low protein diets reduced energy efficiency. The Protein Overfeeding (PROOF) study explored the metabolic changes to low and high protein diets, and this sub-study examined the changes in body composition and blood lipids when eating high and low protein diets during overeating. Methods: Twenty-three healthy volunteers (M = 14; F = 9) participated in an 8-week, parallel arm study where they were overfed by ~40% with diets containing 5% (LPD = low protein diet), 15% (NPD = normal protein diet), or 25% (HPD = high protein diet) protein. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computer tomography (CT) were used to quantify whole body and abdominal fat and intrahepatic lipid, respectively. Metabolites were measured by standard methods. Results: Protein intake and fat intake were inversely related since carbohydrate intake was fixed. Although overeating the LPD diet was associated with a significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p < 0.001) and free fatty acids (p = 0.034), and a significant decrease in fat free mass (p < 0.0001) and liver density (p = 0.038), statistical models showed that dietary protein was the main contributor to changes in fat free mass (p = 0.0040), whereas dietary fat was the major predictor of changes in HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.014), free fatty acids (p = 0.0016), and liver fat (p = 0.0007). Conclusions: During 8 weeks of overeating, the level of dietary protein intake was positively related to the change in fat free mass, but not to the change in HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acids, and liver fat which were, in contrast, related to the intake of dietary fat.

scholarly journals Enzymes and Metabolites of Cysteine Metabolism in Nonhepatic Tissues of Rats Show Little Response to Changes in Dietary Protein or Sulfur Amino Acid Levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 132 (11) ◽  
pp. 3369-3378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha H. Stipanuk ◽  
Monica Londono ◽  
Jeong-In Lee ◽  
Mindy Hu ◽  
Anthony F. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Cysteine Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Dietary obesity in the mouse: interaction of strain with diet composition

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. R658-R665 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. West ◽  
J. Waguespack ◽  
S. McCollister
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Dietary Obesity ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Dose Response Effect

The effect of varying dietary macronutrient content on the body composition of AKR/J and SWR/J mice was examined. Dietary fat was fed at three levels (45, 30, and 15 kcal%), while dietary protein also was varied across three levels (10, 20, and 30 kcal%). All mice were placed on the defined diets at 5 wk of age and maintained on these diets for 12 wk. AKR/J mice were significantly larger and had a significantly greater carcass fat content compared with SWR/J mice in all dietary conditions. There was a clear dose-response effect of dietary fat on body fat in the AKR/J mice. In contrast, SWR/J mice showed an increase of body fat only when fed the diet containing the highest level of dietary fat and the lowest protein concentration. High levels of dietary protein (30 kcal%) resulted in a significant decrease of carcass fat in the AKR/J mice compared with diets containing either 20 or 10 kcal% protein. This effect of protein was not observed in the SWR/J mice except in the groups fed the 45 kcal% fat diets. These findings demonstrate a strong interaction of genetic background and macronutrient content of the diet on body composition. The AKR/J strain of mouse has a greater percentage of carcass fat and is more responsive to the effects of dietary fat composition compared with the SWR/J strain.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary protein and fat level on oxidative phosphorylation in rat heart mitochondria

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Toyomizu ◽  
M. Thomas Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Heart Mitochondria ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Rat Heart Mitochondria ◽  
Protein Diets

The effect of dietary protein and fat levels on cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was assessed polarographically. Weanling rats were fed on semi-purified diets containing different protein levels (10, 30, 50 and 70%) on a gross energy basis (PGE) for 9, 23 and 58 d. Cardiac mitochondria isolated from rats fed on a 70% PGE diet for 23 d exhibited significantly reduced ADP: oxygen (ADP: O) values compared with mitochondria from rats fed on a low-protein diet. Feeding low-protein diets for 58 d increased the ADP:O value. When the dietary fat level was altered to provide (% PGE: % fat-energy): 30:14, 30:30, 70:14, 70:30, feeding 70% PGE diets reduced the ADP:O value compared with the 30 % PGE level, but no difference was observed between low-fat and high-fat groups. These results indicate that the impaired ADP:O value for rats fed on very-high-protein diets was not due to the dietary fat level but that the level of dietary protein is an important determinant of oxidative phosphorylation in rat heart mitochondria.

Utilization of dietary carbohydrates by fish: a comparative study in eel and trout

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. García-Gallego ◽  
J. Bazoco ◽  
M. D. Suàrez ◽  
A. Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Reference Species ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

AbstractTo evaluate the ability of the eel to use diets with high carbohydrate content, a comparative study was made by using the rainbow trout, a carnivorous fish, as a reference species. Four isoenergenetic diets (in terms of gross energy) were formulated incorporating different protein/carbohydrate ratios (450/200, 370/300, 290/400 and 210/500 as g/kg dry matter, respectively) and each one was tested in three replicates groups of eels and trout. The data on growth, food conversion and utilization of dietary protein and energy show that the eel has a comparatively greater ability than the rainbow trout for using diets with a high carbohydrate level. Thus it is postulated that higher carbohydrate levels could be used for formulating cheaper diets.

scholarly journals The effect of biotin deficiency and dietary protein content on lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and related enzyme activities in chick liver

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Bannister ◽  
Iris E. O'Neill ◽  
C. C. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Biotin Deficiency ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Cleavage Enzyme ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Concentrations

1. Chicks were given biotin-deficient diets containing either suboptimal (low) or supraoptimal (high) concentrations of protein from 1-d-old until they were used during their fourth week of life. The low-protein diet predisposed chicks to develop fatty liver and kidney syndrome and the high-protein diet to develop classical biotin deficiency signs. Two other groups, as controls, received biotin-supplemented rations.2. Low dietary protein increased lipogenesis by isolated hepatocytes but had little effect on gluconeogenesis compared to high dietary protein.3. Low dietary protein decreased activities of hepatic isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) and glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9; GP) and increased activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS), citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8; CCE) and malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.39).4. When biotin deficiency was superimposed, the rate of lipogenesis by isolated hepatocytes (from fed birds) was decreased. Gluconeogenesis from lactate and glycerol was also depressed.5. Activity of GP was further decreased by biotin deficiency on the low-protein regimen and FAS and CCE were further increased. PK activity was increased by biotin deficiency.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FAT AND PROTEIN LEVELS UPON THYROID ACTIVITY IN THE CHICK

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. March ◽  
Jacob Biely
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Fat Diets

The effects on thyroid activity of dietary protein level and of dietary fat level were studied. Diets containing 18 and 26% of protein were fed with and without 8% of supplementary fat. Thyroid weights and thyroidal uptake of I131 of chicks fed the diets were determined. The chicks fed the higher dietary protein level had consistently greater thyroid weights. The effect of supplementary fat on thyroid weight was variable. Total thyroidal uptake of I131 in chicks fed the fat-supplemented diets was greater when the diets contained 26% of protein. With the low-fat diets, protein level did not significantly affect uptake of I131. Supplementary fat decreased I131 uptake in chicks fed the low-protein diet and increased I131 uptake in chicks fed the high-protein diet. Thus, although it is evident that diet affects thyroid activity, conclusions regarding the effect of diet will depend upon the parameter used as a measure of thyroid activity.

Protein-carbohydrate interaction effects on energy balance, FGF21, IGF-1 and hypothalamic genes expression in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joséphine Gehring ◽  
Dalila Azzout-Marniche ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Julien Piedcoq ◽  
Claire Gaudichon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Geometric Framework ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Amino acids are involved in energy homeostasis, just as are carbohydrates and lipids. Therefore, mechanisms controlling protein intake should operate independently and in combination with systems controlling overall energy intake to coordinate appropriate metabolic and behavioural responses. The objective of this study was to quantify the respective roles of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on energy balance, plasma FGF21 and IGF-1 concentrations, and hypothalamic neurotransmitters (POMC, NPY, AgRP and CART). In a simplified geometric framework, 7-week-old male Wistar rats were fed 12 diets containing 3 to 30% protein for 3 weeks, in which carbohydrates accounted for 30 to 75% of the carbohydrate and fat part of the diet. As a result of this study, most of the studied parameters (body composition, energy expenditure, plasma FGF21 and IGF-1 concentrations and Pomc/Agrp ratio) responded mainly to the protein content and to a lesser extent to the carbohydrate content in the diet.

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