scholarly journals Circulating Very-Long-Chain SFA Concentrations Are Inversely Associated with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres V Ardisson Korat ◽  
Vasanti S Malik ◽  
Jeremy D Furtado ◽  
Frank Sacks ◽  
Bernard Rosner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT Background Very-long-chain SFAs (VLCSFAs), such as arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0), have demonstrated inverse associations with cardiometabolic conditions, although more evidence is needed to characterize their relation with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition, little is known regarding their potential dietary and lifestyle predictors. Objective We aimed to examine the association of plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of VLCSFAs with incident T2D risk. Methods We used existing measurements of fatty acid concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes among 2854 and 2831 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), respectively. VLCSFAs were measured using GLC, and individual fatty acid concentrations were expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids. Incident T2D cases were identified by self-reports and confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between VLCSFAs and T2D, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary variables. Results During 39,941 person-years of follow-up, we documented 243 cases of T2D. Intakes of peanuts, peanut butter, vegetable fat, dairy fat, and palmitic/stearic (16:0–18:0) fatty acids were significantly, albeit weakly, correlated with plasma and erythrocyte VLCSFA concentrations (|rs| ≤ 0.19). Comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of plasma concentrations, pooled HRs (95% CIs) were 0.51 (0.35, 0.75) for arachidic acid, 0.43 (0.28, 0.64) for behenic acid, 0.40 (0.27, 0.61) for lignoceric acid, and 0.41 (0.27, 0.61) for the sum of VLCSFAs, after multivariate adjustments for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. For erythrocyte VLCSFAs, only arachidic acid and behenic acid concentrations were inversely associated with T2D risk. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, in US men and women, higher plasma concentrations of VLCSFAs are associated with lower risk of T2D. More research is needed to understand the mechanistic pathways underlying these associations.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Saturated Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Men and Women: A Prospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie-sheng Lin ◽  
Hong-li Dong ◽  
Geng-dong Chen ◽  
Zhan-yong Chen ◽  
Xiao-wei Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

The association between circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) is reported in Western populations with inconsistent results, while evidence from Asian populations is scarce. We aimed to examine the associations between erythrocyte SFAs and incident T2D in a Chinese population. Between 2008 and 2013, a total of 2683 participants, aged 40–75 years, free of diabetes were included in the present analyses. Incident T2D cases were ascertained during follow-up visits. Gas chromatography was used to measure erythrocyte fatty acids at baseline. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 13,508 person years of follow-up, 216 T2D cases were identified. Compared with the first quartile, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the fourth quartile were 1.20 (0.82–1.76; p = 0.242) for myristic acid (14-carbon tail, zero double bonds; 14:0), 0.69 (0.48–0.99; p = 0.080) for palmitic acid (16:0), 1.49 (1.02–2.19; p = 0.047) for stearic acid (18:0), 1.46 (1.00–2.12; p = 0.035) for arachidic acid (20:0), 1.48 (0.99–2.22; p = 0.061) for behenic acid (22:0), and 1.08 (0.74–1.56; p = 0.913) for lignoceric acid (24:0). Our findings indicate that individual erythrocyte SFAs are associated with T2D in different directions, with 18:0 and 20:0 SFAs positively associated with the risk, whereas no convincing inverse association for 16:0 SFAs.

scholarly journals Plasma concentrations of trans fatty acids in persons with type 2 diabetes between September 2002 and April 2004

2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn C Schwenke ◽  
John P Foreyt ◽  
Edgar R Miller ◽  
Rebecca S Reeves ◽  
Mara Z Vitolins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations

scholarly journals Circulating Adipocyte Fatty Acid–Binding Protein Concentrations Predict Multiple Mortality Outcomes among Men and Women with Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1496-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Ho Lee ◽  
Chloe Y Y Cheung ◽  
Yu Cho Woo ◽  
David T W Lui ◽  
Michele M A Yuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
All Cause Mortality

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRaised circulating adipocyte fatty acid–binding protein (AFABP) concentrations are associated with various adverse health conditions. However, their relationship with mortality remains to be defined, especially in view of the sexual dimorphism of circulating AFABP concentrations. Here we investigated prospectively whether serum AFABP concentrations predict multiple mortality outcomes in men and women alike, using a large clinic-based cohort of individuals with type 2 diabetes, a condition with raised AFABP concentrations.METHODSBaseline serum AFABP concentrations were measured in 5305 research participants with a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich immunoassay. The role of circulating AFABP concentrations in predicting mortality outcomes was evaluated by multivariable Cox regression analysis.RESULTSAmong the 5305 participants (59% men) in this study, over a median follow-up of 5 years, there were 512 deaths (19.3 deaths per 1000 person-years). Circulating AFABP concentrations, with higher levels in women at baseline, predicted all-cause mortality (P < 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.037), and infection-related deaths (P < 0.002) among all participants. In sex-specific analyses, circulating AFABP concentration was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in both men and women and a predictor of cancer-related deaths and infection-related deaths in men only. Furthermore, the addition of serum AFABP concentrations improved the time-dependent c statistics in predicting all-cause mortality in participants with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.008).CONCLUSIONSCirculating AFABP concentration was an independent predictor of various mortality outcomes in type 2 diabetes over and above known risk factors of reduced survival in men and women. The role of AFABP as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target warrants further investigation.

Effects of palmitate on ER and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in β-cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. E690-E701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila S. Gwiazda ◽  
Ting-Lin B. Yang ◽  
Yalin Lin ◽  
James D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

There are strong links between obesity, elevated free fatty acids, and type 2 diabetes. Specifically, the saturated fatty acid palmitate has pleiotropic effects on β-cell function and survival. In the present study, we sought to determine the mechanism by which palmitate affects intracellular Ca2+, and in particular the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In human β-cells and MIN6 cells, palmitate rapidly increased cytosolic Ca2+ through a combination of Ca2+ store release and extracellular Ca2+ influx. Palmitate caused a reversible lowering of ER Ca2+, measured directly with the fluorescent protein-based ER Ca2+ sensor D1ER. Using another genetically encoded indicator, we observed long-lasting oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ in palmitate-treated cells. In keeping with this observed ER Ca2+ depletion, palmitate induced rapid phosphorylation of the ER Ca2+ sensor protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) and subsequently ER stress and β-cell death. We detected little palmitate-induced insulin secretion, suggesting that these Ca2+ signals are poorly coupled to exocytosis. In summary, we have characterized Ca2+-dependent mechanisms involved in altered β-cell function and survival induced by the free fatty acid palmitate. We present the first direct evidence that free fatty acids reduce ER Ca2+ and shed light on pathways involved in lipotoxicity and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Lipid Profile Modulates Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers Including Hypertension in People with Type-2 Diabetes: A Focus on Unbalanced Ratio of Plasma Polyunsaturated/Saturated Fatty Acids

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4315
Author(s):  
Ines Gouaref ◽  
Asma Bouazza ◽  
Samir Ait Abderrhmane ◽  
Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Ratio

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with lipid metabolism disorder, particularly elevated plasma levels of non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFFA) and an increased cardiovascular disease risk, such as essential hypertension (H). The plasma unbalance of saturated fatty acid (SFA)/polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is a likely contributor, but the mechanisms involved are not clearly elucidated. The aim of this study is to explore the association between plasma SFA/PUFA ratio and the clusters of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), including the atherogenic biomarkers, inflammatory status, feeding patterns, and physical activity in people with T2DM with or without essential hypertension. The study was conducted on 784 adult male and female participants, aged between 30 and 50 years, and divided into 3 groups: 100 T2DM without hypertension (D); 368 T2DM with hypertension (DM); and 316 hypertensive participants without T2DM (H). All Participants were phenotyped regarding CMS clusters according to the NCEP/ATPIII criteria. Insulin resistance was assessed by Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA model). Metabolic, atherogenic, and inflammatory parameters were analyzed by biochemical methods; NEFFA by microfluorimetry; SFA, PUFA-n6 and PUFA-n3 by gas phase chromatography. Dietary lipids and physical activity were analyzed through the use of validated questionnaires. The clusters of CMS were found in all groups. Dyslipidemia was correlated with accretion NEFFA levels in all groups, but more accentuated in the DH group (r = +0.77; p < 0.001). Similarly, plasma PUFA/SFA ratio and PUFA-3 level was lower, concomitantly with a higher plasma ApoB100/ApoA1 (p < 0.001), lipoprotein (a), homocysteine (p < 0.001), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL1-β) in the DH group. Likewise, the depletion of PUFA-n3/PUFA-n6 ratio is associated with the decrease of omega 3-DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and omega 3-EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) (p < 0.001). It appears that the PUFAs-n3 ratio modulates cardiometabolic risk, inflammatory state and atherogenic biomarkers. The plasma unbalanced ratio of SFA/PUFA reflects dietary fatty acids intake. The contribution of dietary lipids is undisputed. Nutritional recommendations are required to determine the fatty acids ratio (saturated and unsaturated) provided in the diet.

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