Postreconstitution Stability of Amoxicillin–Clavulanic Acid Suspensions at Tropical Room Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
Jamilu Maiwada ◽  
Mazlina Mohd Said
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The storage conditions of reconstituted β-lactam suspensions are of concern, especially in tropical countries. Improper storage conditions after reconstitution lead to administration of a subtherapeutic dose of medication, which in turn leads to treatment failure and antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Effects of packaging and storage conditions on the quality of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid – an analysis of Cambodian samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohiuddin Hussain Khan ◽  
Kirara Hatanaka ◽  
Tey Sovannarith ◽  
Nam Nivanna ◽  
Lidia Cecilia Cadena Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals STUDY OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE AND SENSITIVITY PATTERN IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Sailajapriyadarsini Parlapalli ◽  
◽  
V.V Padmavathy ◽  
Gunapati Rama Mohan Reddy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Introduction: Antibiotics are helpful in bacterial infection control and management. Irrational antibiotic use leads to resistance, which puts modern medicines achievements at risk. This study aims to know antibiotic resistance and sensitivity patterns and to assess possible factors that favor the development of antibiotic resistance. Methods: It is a retrospective observational study. Data collected from June 2019 to May 2020 from the culture & sensitivity records of various clinical isolates at the Microbiology department of SMC, Vijayawada, and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Total samples collected 2905. Only746 samples showed significant growth. Most commonly, isolated organisms were from Pus and Body fluids Staphylococcus aureus (31.16%), Klebsiella (23.02%), from blood samples Staphylococcus aureus (44%,) Klebsiella (32%), from urine samples Escherichia coli (27.31%),Staphylococcus aureus (16.66%). Bacteria isolated from, Blood and Pus & body fluid samples showed more resistance to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, 60% &58.60%, and urine samples showed more resistance to Norfloxacin69.44%. Conclusion: In this study, bacteria isolated from, blood, pus, and body fluid samples showed more resistance to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, from urine samples showed more resistance to Norfloxacin. Parenterally used drugs like aminoglycosides and vancomycin have retained their sensitivity but bacteria also showed resistance to Imipenem, Vancomycin, new combinations like Cefoperazone + Sulbactam. A culture & sensitivity test and following antibiotic stewardship guidelines before prescribing antibiotics will give good results to prevent antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae Decreased, except for β-Lactamase-Negative Amoxicillin-Resistant Isolates, in Parallel with Community Antibiotic Consumption in Spain from 1997 to 2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 2760-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia García-Cobos ◽  
José Campos ◽  
Emilia Cercenado ◽  
Federico Román ◽  
Edurne Lázaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

ABSTRACT The susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents and the mechanisms of aminopenicillin resistance were studied in 197 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae—109 isolated in 2007 (study group) and 88 isolated in 1997 (control group). Community antibiotic consumption trends were also examined. H. influenzae strains were consecutively isolated from the same geographic area, mostly from respiratory specimens from children and adults. Overall, amoxicillin resistance decreased by 8.4% (from 38.6 to 30.2%). β-Lactamase production decreased by 15.6% (from 33 to 17.4%, P = 0.01), but amoxicillin resistance without β-lactamase production increased by 7.1% (from 5.7 to 12.8%). All β-lactamase-positive isolates were TEM-1, but five different promoter regions were identified, with Pdel being the most prevalent in both years, and Prpt being associated with the highest amoxicillin resistance. A new promoter consisting of a double repeat of 54 bp was detected. Community consumption of most antibiotics decreased, as did the geometric means of their MICs, but amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and azithromycin consumption increased by ca. 60%. For amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, a 14.2% increase in the population with an MIC of 2 to 4 μg/ml (P = 0.02) was observed; for azithromycin, a 21.2% increase in the population with an MIC of 2 to 8 μg/ml (P = 0.0005) was observed. In both periods, the most common gBLNAR (i.e., H. influenzae isolates with mutations in the ftsI gene as previously defined) patterns were IIc and IIb. Community consumption of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased by 54%, while resistance decreased from 50 to 34.9% (P = 0.04). Antibiotic resistance in H. influenzae decreased in Spain from 1997 to 2007, but surveillance should be maintained since new forms of resistances may be developing.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance of Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Selected Healthcare Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
R. H. Abimiku ◽  
Y. B, Ngwai ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
B. E. Bassey ◽  
P. A. Tsaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Aims: This study investigated the phenotypic detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from diarrheic patients attending some major health facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; between December, 2017 to March, 2019. Methodology: A total of 207 confirmed E. coli isolates from loose stool samples of patients with suspected cases of diarrhea (69 from Federal Medical Centre Keffi [MCK] 69 from General Hospital Akwanga [GHA] and 69 from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia [DASHL]) were included in this study. Results: E. coli was isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility testing for the isolates was carried out and interpreted in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol. Phenotypic detection of ESBL production in isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime) was carried out using double disc synergy test. The occurrence of E. coli was 100% in all the hospitals. Age groups 0-5 and 6-10 years have the highest occurrence than age group 35 – >45 years. Isolates from DASHL were more resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (86.9%), Streptomycin (75.0%) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (68.1%), isolates from FMCK were more resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (84.1%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (69.6%), isolates from GHA were more resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (85.5%) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (73.0%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed with the order of occurrence: FMCK (98.6%) > DASHL (92.8%) > GHA (89.9%). The most common MAR index of 0.2 in DASHL was 0.4 (20.3%); FMCK was 0.4 (15.9%) and GHA was 0.3 (17.4%). The order of occurrence of classes of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates in DASHL was MDR (84.0%) ˃ XDR(7.2%) > PDR and NMDR (4.3%); in FMCK was MDR (91.3%) ˃ XDR(4.3%) ˃ NMDR (2.9%) and PDR(1.4%); and in GHA was MDR (88.8%) ˃ NMDR(5.8%) > XDR and PDR(2.9%). Detection rate of ESBL was 53.6% (30/207), distributed in relation to the location as DASHL (60.0%), FMCK (50.0%) and GHA (52.6%). Conclusion: Most of the isolates from the study locations were antibiotic resistance. Further studies on molecular detection of ESBL, diversity and characterization of the E. coli into pathotypes are ongoing.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to Antibiotics of Staphylococcus Aureus Strains, Able to Biofilm Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
A. O. Vashchenko ◽  
◽  
Yu. S. Voronkova ◽  
A. I. Vinnikov ◽  
T. N. Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The problem of respiratory diseases associated with staphylococcal carriers is considered to be one of the most acute in modern society due to its high prevalence and problems with treatment due to the high resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics. The purpose of the study was to determine the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus strains, able to form biofilm, isolated from the upper respiratory tract of human. Materials and methods. Bacteriological methods of isolation and identification of staphylococci, the method of rapid determination of the ability to form biofilm on a tablet and the disk-diffusion method of determining the susceptibility to antibiotics were used to perform the research. As a result of the conducted researches it was established that in the structure of pathogens of exacerbations of seasonal rhinitis S. aureus prevailed. It was isolated from 34 samples of biological material from the nose, which accounted for 69.4% of all examined cases of rhinitis. Staphylococcus spp. (6.1%) and Streptococcus spp. (24.5%) among the isolated strains of S. aureus, 27 (79.4%) had the ability to form a biofilm. A feature associated with antibiotic resistance is the ability of strains of microorganisms to form a biofilm, in which they acquire enhanced ability to survive under adverse environmental factors, including the use of drugs. Results and discussion. In our research we showed that more than 80% of film-forming strains were found to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid and azithromycin. 4 (14.8%) are methicillin-resistant. Resistance to methicillin was detected simultaneously with resistance to ciprofloxacin (3 cases) and to azithromycin (2 cases), 1 strain was resistant to gentamicin and 2 – to tetracycline. 1 of the methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus was multidrug-resistant (showed resistance to all studied antibiotics). Among non-biofilm strains, more than 80% of the strains were also sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid and azithromycin. Sensitivity to tetracycline was low in both groups (42-63% sensitive). Conclusion. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among clinical strains of opportunistic bacteria, unfortunately, shows an increasing trend. This requires constant monitoring of susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs in order to develop schemes of rational antibiotic therapy, taking into account the individualized approach to patients. In this sense, it is promising when studying the biological properties of clinical isolates to determine not only the resistance to antibiotics, but also their ability to form a biofilm

Antibiotic Molecules Efficacy in Pediatric Bacterial Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-920
Author(s):  
Petronela Cristina Chiriac ◽  
Vladimir Poroch ◽  
Alina Mihaela Pascu ◽  
Mircea Daniel Hogea ◽  
Ileana Antohe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Acute Therapy ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The antibiotic resistance of microorganisms involved in pediatric infections represents a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), and is also a matter of management, requiring specific intervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of some antibiotic molecules on pathogens isolated from patients admitted in a pediatric hospital. We carried out a descriptive study on a group of 411 patients admitted to the Sf. MariaClinical Emergency Hospital for Children Iasi, between January 1st and March 31st, 2016. Bacterial infections were most prevalent in the age group of 0-1 year (54.98% of the total isolates). Most affected by multidrug-resistant bacterial infections services were: general pediatrics (24.08% of the total isolates), then the intensive care unit (19.95%), surgical wards (14.84%), and acute therapy (11.43%). The germs were isolated from pathological samples: most often pus (23.85%), hypo-pharyngeal aspiration (21.65%), conjunctival secretion (12.42%), and ear secretion (9.48%). Penicillin G and oxacillin were inefficient in 30.26% of the Staphylococcus aureus strains, while erythromycin in 18.42%. Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae was observed for penicillin G in 7.14% of the strains, while for erythromycin in 13.09%. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid in 35.85% of the cases, and to cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime in 33.96%. Our study highlighted that Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to penicillin G and oxacillin in more than one-third of the isolates, Streptococcus pneumoniae was resistant to penicillin G and erythromycin, and Klebsiella pneumoniae to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Continuing antibioresistance monitoring is crucial in order to promote appropriate guidelines in antibiotic prescription, which could result in decreasing HAIs� rates.

scholarly journals Monitoring of antibiotic resistance in isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaein the Czech Republic between 2001 and 2003

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nedbalcova ◽  
P. Satran ◽  
Z. Jaglic ◽  
R. Ondriasova ◽  
Z. Kucerova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
High Increase ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

During the period of 2001 and 2003 a total of 238 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae obtained from 26 pig herds in the Czech Republic (2001 – 73 isolates, 2002 – 110 isolates, 2003 – 55 isolates) were examined for antibiotic resistance by disc diffusion method. Resistance to erythromycin (95.5% to 98.6%), streptomycin (76.4% to 82.7%) and tiamulin (72.7%) was detected most frequently over the whole monitored period. High increase in percentage of resistant isolates to tetracycline (2001 – 11.0%, 2002 – 36.4%, 2003 – 81.8%), doxycycline (2001 – 9.6%, 2002 – 34.6%, 2003 – 61.8%), nalidixic acid (2001 – 2.7%, 2002 – 14.5%, 2003 – 45.5%), and norfloxacin (2001 – 0%, 2002 – 7.3%, 2003 – 34.6%) was found, while differences in resistance to cephalotine (2001 – 1.4%, 2002 – 7.3%, 2003 – 9.1%), cotrimoxazol (2001 – 4.1%, 2002 – 10.0%, 2003 – 7.3%), amoxicillin (2001 – 12.3%, 2002 – 12.7%, 2003 – 10.9%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2001 – 9.6%, 2002 – 9.1%, 2003 – 10.9%) were small. Prevalence of isolates resistant to sulfasomidine was detected decreasing (2001 – 43.8%, 2002 – 47.3% and 2003 – 29.1%).

Antibiotic resistance of canine Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) - practical implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chrobak ◽  
M. Kizerwetter-Świda ◽  
M. Rzewuska ◽  
M. Binek
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Practical Implications

Antibiotic resistance of canineStaphylococcus intermediusgroup (SIG) - practical implicationsA total of 221 SIG strains were isolated from clinical samples of canine origin submitted to the Diagnostic Laboratory of the Division of Bacteriology and Molecular Biology at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences in Warsaw during the period 2006-2010. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of prevalence of methicillin-resistant SIG strains and to determine the MIC values of cephalotin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, mupirocin for a collection of randomly selected 79 strains belonging toStaphylococcus intermediusgroup (SIG), including 23mecA-positive and 56mecA-negative strains. All isolates were identified as belonging to SIG based on their phenotypic properties and PCR amplification ofS. intermedius-specific fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. ThemecAgene was detected in 26 (12%) of 221 SIG strains. All testedmecA-negative SIG strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephalotin. One of the 56mecA-negative SIG strains was resistant to ciprofloxacin, six (11%) to gentamicin. It was found that sixteen (29%) of 56mecA-negative SIG strains were resistant to clindamycin. Most of themecA-positive SIG strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (96%), clindamycin (96%), and gentamicin (96%). Only one MRSIG strain was resistant to chloramphenicol. All examinedmecA-positive SIG strains were found to be susceptible to mupirocin. Our results imply that staphylococcal multidrug resistance has become more prevalent, which could lead to difficulties in effective treatment. With some resistant strains the only therapeutic possibility are antimicrobial agents important in human medicine. New regulations for veterinary medicine concerning appropriate therapy of infections caused by multidrug-resistat staphylococci are needed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Urine of Patients in Selected General Hospitals in Abuja Municipal, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. O. Eghieye ◽  
S. M. Jodi ◽  
B. E. Bassey ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
R. H. Abimiku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli from urine of patients with suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) in selected general hospitals in Abuja Municipal, Nigeria. Four Hundred and Thirty urine samples were collected between September 2017 and May 2018 from patients attending Asokoro General Hospital (AGH), Garki Hospital Abuja (GHA) and Wuse General Hospital (WGH); and E. coli was isolated and identified by culture, microscopy and biochemical tests. The overall occurrence of E. coli was 52 (12.1%). The occurrences in relation to the hospitals were of the order: GHA (14.7%) > WGH (12.6%) > AGH (9.0%). The highest (50%) occurrence was at age 41-50 years in WGH, and the lowest (4.3%) was at age 31-40 years in AGH. More females than males harboured the bacteria in all the hospitals. Isolates from AGH showed highest (100.0%) resistance to Sulphamethoxazole/Trimethoprim but least (0.0%) resistance to Ciprofloxacin. Isolates from GHA showed the highest resistance to Cefotaxime and Streptomycin (95.2%) but least (23.8%) to Gentamicin and Imipenem. Isolates from WGH showed highest (88.8%) resistance to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid but least (16.7%) to Sulphamethoxazole/Trimethoprim. The commonest antibiotic resistance phenotype in AGH was Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Streptomycin-Cefotaxime-Ceftazidime-Imipenem-Ampicillin (3.9%); in GHA was Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Streptomycin-Sulphamethoxazole/Trimethoprim-Cefotaxime-Ceftazidime-Ampicillin (7.7%); and in WGH was Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Streptomycin-Cefotaxime-Cefotaxime-Ceftazidime-Imipenem-Ampicillin (3.9%). All the isolates had MAR indices above 0.2; the most common index in AGH was 0.4 (at 30.8%), GHA was 0.7 (at 33.3%) and WGH was 0.7 (at 27.8%). The commonest class of antibiotic resistance was MDR with the order of occurrence as: GHA (92.2%) > WGH (77.7%) > AGH (76.6%). Ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and imipenem were the most effective antibiotics in the study location. However, MAR indices in this study have shown that the isolates originated from an environment where antibiotics are freely available and misused/abused. Hence, there is a need for greater monitoring of antibiotic supplies and use.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE PATTERN OF Escherichia Coli AGAINTS ANTIBIOTICS IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION PATIENTS IN RSUD DR. SOETOMO SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Novi Ariana ◽  
Pestariati Pestariati ◽  
Retno Sasongkowati ◽  
Debby Kusumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Pathogenic bacteria cause Urinary Infection imore or lessi about 85 - 95% are bacteria Escherichia coli. The treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) requires adequate supportive therapy and antibiotics, but antibiotic resistance is an obstacle in UTI treatment. This study aims to determine the types of antibiotics that are resistant to Escherichia coli in patients with UTI. This is an observational study with a descriptive method to determine the type of antibiotic-resistant to Escherichia coli in patients with UTI in the Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology RSUD Dr. Soetomo. Antibiotics that were resistant to Escherichia coli in UTI patients were cefazolin (80.49%), Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid (73.17%), Ampicillin (73.17%), Tetracycline (68.29%), while antibiotics that were resistant to Escherichia coli ESBL was Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid (100%), Ampicillin (100%), Cefazolin (99.7%), Aztreonam (99.7%), Ceftazidime (99.7%). The prevalence of Escherichia coli in UTI patients was 27.5%, while Escherichia coli ESBL was 72.5%. Based on the results of the research that has been obtained, it is better to do research on antibiotic resistance patterns periodically.

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