scholarly journals Suppressed ABA signal transduction in the spike promotes sucrose use in the stem and reduces grain number in wheat under water stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (22) ◽  
pp. 7241-7256
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Yanmei Gao ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jinpeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Aba Signal Transduction ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Sucrose Supply ◽  
Microspore Stage ◽  
Signal Transduction Genes

Abstract Water stress is a primary trigger for reducing grain number per spike in wheat during the reproductive period. However, under stress conditions, the responses of plant organs and the interactions between them at the molecular and physiological levels remain unclear. In this study, when water stress occurred at the young microspore stage, RNA-seq data indicated that the spike had 970 differentially expressed genes, while the stem, comprising the two internodes below the spike (TIS), had 382. Abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction genes were down-regulated by water stress in both these tissues, although to a greater extent in the TIS than in the spike. A reduction in sucrose was observed, and was accompanied by increases in cell wall invertase (CWIN) and sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl-transferase (1-SST) activities. Hexose and fructan were increased in the TIS but decreased in the spike. ABA was increased in the spike and TIS, and showed significant positive correlation with CWIN and 1-SST activities in the TIS. Overall, our results suggest that water stress induces the conversion of sucrose to hexose by CWIN, and to fructan by 1-SST, due to increased down-regulation of ABA signal transduction related-genes in the TIS; this leads to deficient sucrose supply to the spike and a decrease in grain number.

scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling of developing leaf and shoot apices to reveal the molecular mechanism and co-expression genes responsible for the wheat heading date

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Yang ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Lifen Wu ◽  
Lichao Zhang ◽  
Guoxiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Double Ridge

Abstract Background Wheat is one of the most widely planted crops worldwide. The heading date is important for wheat environmental adaptability, as it not only controls flowering time but also determines the yield component in terms of grain number per spike. Results In this research, homozygous genotypes with early and late heading dates derived from backcrossed progeny were selected to conduct RNA-Seq analysis at the double ridge stage (W2.0) and androgynous primordium differentiation stage (W3.5) of the leaf and apical meristem, respectively. In total, 18,352 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, many of which are strongly associated with wheat heading date genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that carbohydrate metabolism, trehalose metabolic process, photosynthesis, and light reaction are closely related to the flowering time regulation pathway. Based on MapMan metabolic analysis, the DEGs are mainly involved in the light reaction, hormone signaling, lipid metabolism, secondary metabolism, and nucleotide synthesis. In addition, 1,225 DEGs were annotated to 45 transcription factor gene families, including LFY, SBP, and MADS-box transcription factors closely related to flowering time. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that 16, 336, 446, and 124 DEGs have biological connections with Vrn1-5 A, Vrn3-7B, Ppd-1D, and WSOC1, respectively. Furthermore, TraesCS2D02G181400 encodes a MADS-MIKC transcription factor and is co-expressed with Vrn1-5 A, which indicates that this gene may be related to flowering time. Conclusions RNA-Seq analysis provided transcriptome data for the wheat heading date at key flower development stages of double ridge (W2.0) and androgynous primordium differentiation (W3.5). Based on the DEGs identified, co-expression networks of key flowering time genes in Vrn1-5 A, Vrn3-7B, WSOC1, and Ppd-1D were established. Moreover, we discovered a potential candidate flowering time gene, TraesCS2D02G181400. Taken together, these results serve as a foundation for further study on the regulatory mechanism of the wheat heading date.

scholarly journals Expected genetic advance for thousand grain weight and grain number per spike of bread wheat and durum wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Gordana Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Dodig ◽  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Vesna Kandic ◽  
Jovan Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broadsense heritability (h2), expected genetic advance of thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain number per spike (GNS) of 15 genotypes of bread wheat and 15 genotypes of durum wheat. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Sancevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that the genetic component of variance (?2 g) was predominant for TGW of bread and durum wheat and for GNS of bread wheat. The genotype ? environment interaction (?2 ge) component of phenotypic variance was 8.72 times higher than ?2 g for GNS of durum wheat and pointed to the greater instability of durum wheat genotypes. h2 was very high (>90%) for TGW and GNS of bread wheat, high for TGW of durum wheat - 87.3% and low for GNS of durum wheat - 39.5%. Considering the high values obtained for h2 - 96.4% and the highest value for expected genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) - 19.3% for TGW of bread wheat, the success of selection for desired values of this yield component can be anticipated. The success of selection cannot be predicted for GNS of durum wheat due to low values obtained for h2 and GAM of 39.5% and 2.8%, respectively.

scholarly journals CV-containing vesicle budding from chloroplast inner envelope membrane is mediated by clathrin but inhibited by GAPC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Pan ◽  
Yangxuan Liu ◽  
Chengcheng Ling ◽  
Yuying Tang ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Envelope Membrane ◽  
Vesicle Budding ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Membrane Defects ◽  
Inner Envelope

AbstractClathrin-mediated vesicular formation and trafficking are highly conserved in eukaryotic cells and are responsible for molecular cargo transport and signal transduction among organelles. It remains largely unknown whether clathrin-coated vesicles can be generated from chloroplasts. CHLOROPLAST VESICULATION (CV)-containing vesicles (CVVs) generate from chloroplasts and mediate chloroplast degradation under abiotic stress. In this study, we showed that CV interacted with the clathrin heavy chain (CHC) and induced vesicle budding from the chloroplast inner envelope membrane. Defects on CHC2 and the dynamin-encoding DRP1A gene affected CVV budding and releasing from chloroplast. CHC2 is also required for CV-induced chloroplast degradation and hypersensitivity to water stress. Moreover, GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (GAPC) interacts with CV and impairs the CV-CHC2 interaction. GAPC1 overexpression inhibited CV-mediated chloroplast degradation and hypersensitivity to water stress. CV silencing alleviated the hypersensitivity of gapc1gapc2 plant to water stress. Together, our work revealed a pathway of clathrin-assisted CVV budding from the chloroplast inner envelope membrane, which mediated the stress-induced chloroplast degradation and stress response.

scholarly journals Impact of climatic variability on durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) yields in North Western of Algeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meterfi Baroudi ◽  
Wael El Zerey ◽  
Salaheddine Bachir Bouiadjra
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
North Western

In semi arid region of the South West of the Mediterranean basin, low rainfall, and thermal fluctuations cause water stress situations affecting at different levels, with varying intensities, the development of durum wheat yields. This work aims to study the major climatic factors that determine water environment of durum wheat in its reproductive period and assess their trend related to yields of the grain. Comparing diagrams of Bagnoul and Gaussen, established for two periods (1913-1937 and 1977-2014), highlighted an increase in the duration of the dry season due to rising temperatures, especially summer and a decrease in volume of the seasonal rainfall involving therefore water stress during the reproductive phase of cereal. The analysis of water regime in the past three decades, for the months of March, April and May, through the application of the approach of UNESCO-FAO, highlighted a very large variability in intensity of water stress during grain development period during the last years and also the tendency of the spring season months to be more drought. This reflects the complexity of the selection for yield components in this region. International Journal of Environment Vol. 5 (1) 2016,  pp: 107-120

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of spike traits in two- and multi-rowed barley crosses

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482
Author(s):  
Milomirka Madic ◽  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Aleksandar Paunovic ◽  
Dragan Djurovic
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Mode of inheritance and genetic variance components for spike length, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike were evaluated in four parental genotypes and their F1 and F2 hybrids obtained through incomplete diallel crossing. Multi-rowed barley genotypes HVW-247 and Partizan and two-rowed barley genotypes KG-15 and NS-293 were selected for the crossing based on the trait concept with the parents being divergent for spike length, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike. The average values for spike length in F1 and F2 generations were intermediate or close to those of the parent having longer spikes, with the mode of inheritance being partial dominance, dominance or overdominance, depending on the crossing combination. The six-rowed x six-rowed and two-rowed x two-rowed crossing combinations showed dominance of increased grain number per spike and increased grain weight per spike in the inheritance of grain number per spike and grain weight per spike, respectively, whereas the six-rowed x two-rowed cross was predominated by partial dominance.

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