Glimpses of Gilles de la Tourette’s Personality

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Olivier Walusinski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Hospital Administrators ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Hospital Physicians ◽  
The Press ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Using unpublished letters as well as press excerpts, the author examines Gilles de la Tourette’s relationships with hospital administrators and journalists, which provide insight into his personality. Responding to an unfortunate case sensationalized by the press, Gilles de la Tourette aggressively defended his reputation while also revealing cognitive difficulties that would worsen over time. Starting in 1893, Gilles de la Tourette’s behavior gradually changed, a sign of syphilitic general paralysis. The chapter presents previously unpublished letters that he sent to the administrators of his hospital, where he was in charge of a department and describes his reaction to a slanderous press campaign. In addition to Gilles de la Tourette’s condition, the new documents elucidate the state of Parisian hospitals and the challenges of hospital physicians at the end of the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals The Materiality of English Suicide Letters, c. 1700 – c. 1850

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ella Sbaraini
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Scholars have explored eighteenth-century suicide letters from a literary perspective, examining issues of performativity and reception. However, it is fruitful to see these letters as material as well as textual objects, which were utterly embedded in people's social lives. Using thirty manuscript letters, in conjunction with other sources, this article explores the contexts in which suicide letters were written and left for others. It looks at how authors used space and other materials to convey meaning, and argues that these letters were epistolary documents usually meant for specific, known persons, rather than the press. Generally written by members of the ‘lower orders’, these letters also provide insight into the emotional writing practices of the poor, and their experiences of emotional distress. Overall, this article proposes that these neglected documents should be used to investigate the emotional and material contexts for eighteenth- and nineteenth-century suicide. It also argues that, at a time when the history of emotions has reached considerable prominence, historians must be more attentive to the experiences of the suicidal.

‘Why, it’s like a ’98 trial’: The Irish Judiciary and the Fenian Trials, 1865–1866

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Commission ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Political Service

This chapter focuses on the ‘Fenian trials’ of 1865–66. It challenges us to think beyond established ‘speeches from the dock’ narratives to consider the part played by the judiciary in the theatre of the court. While names such as Kickham, Luby, Rossa, and o’Leary will roll of the tongues of many today, fewer will recall a William Keogh, or a John David Fitzgerald, the two Catholic judges who presided over the special commission that tried the Fenian accused. There was much criticism at the time that the state had ‘packed the bench’, an accusation levelled with regularity throughout the nineteenth century. The essay gives due consideration to these claims. The appointments of Keogh and Fitzgerald were clearly political it suggests, and cites John Devoy’s assessment that all judges in Ireland were rewarded for political service rather than legal acumen. However, it concludes that the judges’ precise handling of the proceedings undermined attempts by the accused to challenge the legitimacy of the court and, ultimately, the Fenian trials show how perceptions of judicial partiality evolved over time.

In His Own Words: Dr Hermann Beckler’s Writings about His Journeys between the Darling River and Bulloo, 1860–1

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley Wood ◽  
Thomas A. Darragh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Report ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Return Journey ◽  
Arid Desert ◽  
State Library ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Semi Arid

This essay introduces eight reports by Dr Hermann Beckler of the nineteenth-century Victorian Exploring Expedition (better known as the Burke & Wills Expedition) from the State Library of Victoria, the Argus newspaper and a German publication. Together, their detail reflects the complexity of the Expedition. Many are also hand-written manuscripts in nineteenth-century script that are difficult to decipher. In Beckler's own words, the reports range from descriptions of the landscape and his journeys, to the plants he observed and collected, and a meteorological report. The detailed medical reports about his return journey to Bulloo provide extensive insight into the grievous suffering of the men (four deaths) in the drought stricken summer of the semi-arid desert north of the Darling River. After he returned home to Bavaria, Beckler published a second medical report on the same subject, translated here by Thomas Darragh.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Fariha Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

During the nineteenth century hundreds of thousands of men, women and children left Britain in search of better lives in the colonies of Canada, Australia and New Zealand and in North America. This demographic shift was also a textual enterprise. Emigrants wrote about their experiences in their diaries and letters. Their accounts were published in periodicals, memoirs and pamphlets. The Introduction argues that emigration literature set into circulation a new set of issues surrounding notions of home at a distance, a mediated sense of place, and the extension of kinship ties over time and space. Emigration produced a monumental shift in the way in which ordinary, everyday people in the nineteenth century, regardless of whether or not they emigrated, thought about relationships between text, travel and distance. Emigration literature has contributed to the shape of the modern world as we know it today, and it provides a rare insight into Victorian conceptualisations of globalization.

Planning in Modern Britain

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
Brian Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post War ◽  
Liberal Moralism ◽  
Over Time

Human beings have always planned, but the meaning, methods, and purpose of planning have changed over time and with circumstance. Planning has been politicized ever more widely as the individual’s ‘personal’ planning has succumbed before, or been reinforced by, planning by the state at its local, national, and international levels. Secularization entails the utopia’s transfer from heaven to earth, and in this process nineteenth-century Chartist populism, liberal moralism, and conservative paternalism all played their part. In the twentieth century, both Labour and Conservative parties merged all three into a statist and interventionist programme accelerated by the interwar depression and by the post-war need to validate democracy in the face of the Soviet pretensions. The essay concludes by discussing the contrasting approaches to planning required in four areas of twentieth-century government: education, welfare, the economy, and the environment.

Commerce and Industry in Nineteenth Century Paraguay: The Example of Yerba Mate

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Blinn Reber
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Unskilled Labor ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Insight Into

Yerba mate, a primitive forest industry, demonstrates the interaction of private and state enterprise in nineteenth century Paraguay. A low capital investment industry based upon utilizing seasonal and unskilled labor, yerba mate was financed, collected, and sold by the private entrepreneur and the state. Demand for yerba in both internal and external markets assured satisfactory profits for businessmen, above average wages for laborers, and necessary revenues for government. As a major export of Paraguay from the end of the seventeenth century until the War of the Triple Alliance, The Great War of 1864-1870, yerba mate provides insight into government regulations, taxation, price controls, and foreign trade policies. Because of the significance of yerba mate for the Paraguayan economy, the state was involved in both production and trade, although government interest primarily assured revenues rather than state control. A description of the organization of the yerba mate industry and an analysis of government policies supports revisionist studies that the governments of José Gaspar de Francia, 1811-1840, Carlos Antonio López, 1844-1862, and Francisco Solano López, 1862-1870 were pragmatic and rational rather than dictatorial and monopolistic.

Mapping coercive institutions: The State Security Forces dataset, 1960–2010

2020 ◽  
pp. 002234332091308
Author(s):  
Erica De Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Military Effectiveness ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
State Security ◽  
Regime Survival ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

How rulers organize and use their security forces is thought to have important implications for regime survival, repression, and military effectiveness. While a number of studies provide insight into the coercive institutions of individual states, efforts to understand systematic patterns have been hampered by a lack of reliable data on state security forces that can be compared across states and within them over time. This article presents the State Security Forces (SSF) dataset, which includes 375 security forces in 110 countries, 1960–2010. It tracks how each force is commanded, staffed, equipped, and deployed, as well as the number of security forces and potential counterweights in each state’s security sector as a whole. After illustrating how the SSF dataset differs from related ones and presenting descriptive trends, the article shows how it can be used to deepen our understanding of coup-proofing and strategic substitution, and identifies additional research uses of the dataset.

Away without Leave

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Eugene Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Constant Source ◽  
Over Time

This chapter talks about how the very nature of Florida′s development over time caused bondpeople within and outside its boundaries to view the peninsula as a runaway haven. Nineteenth-century bondpeople escaped from farms and plantations; enslaved persons from other jurisdictions absconded to the peninsula as well. Many whites understood this fact and reflected on what they perceived as the high incidence of truancy in Florida. A St. Augustine journalist expressed in 1824 what many others had feared for years: many newcomers refused to settle in the territory “because they are liable to the loss of their negroes by elopement.” The intra- and interstate flight of bondservants would continue to mark nineteenth-century Florida until freedom came for all, and the state′s image as a haven for runaways remained a constant source of concern to whites.

scholarly journals Muslim Historical Literature in the Era of Early Muslim Nationalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Salahuddin Malik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Asia ◽  
The State ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
The Press ◽  
Before And After

Mid-nineteenth century Muslim historical literature, particularly onthe mutiny-rebellion of 1857, presents an interesting contrast, and offersa fascinating study of the state of Muslim mind before and after 1857.This clearly comes out in the writings of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan(Risalah Asbab-i Baghawat-i Hind,‘ Tarikh Sarkashi Dil ’a Bijnawr,Hunter par Hunter,  Loyal Mohammedans of India,), FatehMuhammad Ta’ib (Tarikh-i Ahmadi), Asad Ullah Khan Ghalib(Dastabu in Kulliyat-i Nathr-i Ghalib), Mawlana Altaf Hussain Hali(Hayati-i Jawid), Sayyid Zahiruddin Zahir Dihlawi (Dastan-i Ghadr),Faqir Muhammad (Jam’ al-Tawarikh), Allamah Fadl-i Haq (BughiHindwtan), Mu’inuddin Hassan Khan (“Narrative of Mainodin” inCharles T. Metcalfe’s Two Native Narratives of the Mutiny in Delhi).”Curiously, all of the above writers presented different interpretationsof the revolt of 1857. Indeed this had to be the case. During the revoltIndia lost freedom of the press; known different interpretations of the“mutiny” by natives were tantamout to treason and were visited bycondign punishments. This was particularly true of the Muslims. ManyMuslim newspapers were suppressed and their editors jailed. After the“special” treatment which the Muslims received upon the fall of Delhi,the followers of Islam could not be sure of their destiny in South Asia inthe post mutiny-rebellion period. It was so because the British assignedthe primary responsibility for the revolt to Indian Muslims and rightlyso. The reality of the excessively harsh British treatment of IndianMuslims is beginning to dawn upon the present-day British historians aswell. Professor Peter Hardy in his very recent book, The Muslims ofBritish India, observes: ...

The Year 1848 in German History: Reflections on a Centenary

1948 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Meinecke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
The State ◽  
German History ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Revolution ◽  
Friedrich Engels ◽  
Positive Comment ◽  
Insight Into

The popular uprising of the March Days of 1848 in Berlin, superficially viewed, remained an episode, and the men who were fighting for progress along various lines failed, and were bound to fail, in their aims. The German revolution, said Friedrich Engels in his instructive articles of 1851–52 (which he published in America above the signature of Karl Marx), was a necessity, but its temporary suppression was similarly unavoidable. We shall still have to substantiate this, but must turn our gaze first upon the Berlin revolution, and upon the positive comment which it may offer for our contemporary historical situation. Yet for this too it is necessary to search somewhat deeper.We must set before ourselves today more sharply than before, the problem of critical alternatives in the history of Germany, in order to gain a deeper insight into the infinitely complex web of her dark destiny. The natural task of Germany in the nineteenth century was not only to achieve unification, but also to trasmute the existing authoritarian state (Obrigkeitsstadt) into commonwealth (Gemeinschaftsstaat). To that end, the monarchial-authoritarian structure had to be made elastic—if possible, through peaceful reform—so that the result would be an active and effective participation of all strata of society in the life of the state.

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