Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Fariha Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

During the nineteenth century hundreds of thousands of men, women and children left Britain in search of better lives in the colonies of Canada, Australia and New Zealand and in North America. This demographic shift was also a textual enterprise. Emigrants wrote about their experiences in their diaries and letters. Their accounts were published in periodicals, memoirs and pamphlets. The Introduction argues that emigration literature set into circulation a new set of issues surrounding notions of home at a distance, a mediated sense of place, and the extension of kinship ties over time and space. Emigration produced a monumental shift in the way in which ordinary, everyday people in the nineteenth century, regardless of whether or not they emigrated, thought about relationships between text, travel and distance. Emigration literature has contributed to the shape of the modern world as we know it today, and it provides a rare insight into Victorian conceptualisations of globalization.

Evangelist of Fragments: Doing Mite-Box Capitalism in the Late Nineteenth Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary Kaell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Market Capitalism

A century ago, the mite box (penny collection box) was ubiquitous in North America as a religious fundraising tool, especially for women and children. Using the Methodist Woman's Foreign Missionary Society as a case study, I ask what these boxes reveal about the intersection of gender, consumerism, and capitalism from circa 1870–1930. By cutting across traditional Weberian and Marxist analyses, the discussion engages a more complex understanding of religion and capital that includes emotional attachments and material sensations. In particular, I argue that mite boxes clarify how systematic giving was institutionalized through practices that created an imaginative bridge between the immediacy of a sensory experience and the projections of social policies and prayers. They also demonstrate how objects became physical points of connection that materialized relationships that were meant to be present, but were not tangible. Last, they demonstrate the continued salience of older Christian ideas about blessings and sacrifice, even in an era normally associated with the secularization of market capitalism and philanthropy.

Kitted Out for Australia: Dress and Chattels for British Emigrants, 1840–70

Costume ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Women And Children

Over 1.5 million men, women and children emigrated from Britain to Australia and New Zealand in the second half of the nineteenth century. This paper explores how they coped with the privations of the voyage, and how they prepared themselves to make the best possible impression in their new country through their clothes.

Tasted

2018 ◽  
pp. 102-161
Author(s):  
Tricia Starks
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Identity Creation ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
Social Comfort ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Tobacconists advertised exotic blends created by imperial expansion to urban sophisticates urging them to choose certain brands as evidence of their cultivated palate. Preying upon a desire for mobility in a static society and creating visions of a world where people of all classes could ingest luxury, advertisers exploited users’ hopes for higher status, material prosperity, or social comfort. The rapid urbanization of the late nineteenth century created an ever larger audience for their messages. Literary examples and social pressures placed smoking in the center of identity creation and liberal values, making the habit attractive to women and children who saw the habit as a gateway to civic participation, maturity, and the modern world.

Glimpses of Gilles de la Tourette’s Personality

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Olivier Walusinski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Hospital Administrators ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Hospital Physicians ◽  
The Press ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Using unpublished letters as well as press excerpts, the author examines Gilles de la Tourette’s relationships with hospital administrators and journalists, which provide insight into his personality. Responding to an unfortunate case sensationalized by the press, Gilles de la Tourette aggressively defended his reputation while also revealing cognitive difficulties that would worsen over time. Starting in 1893, Gilles de la Tourette’s behavior gradually changed, a sign of syphilitic general paralysis. The chapter presents previously unpublished letters that he sent to the administrators of his hospital, where he was in charge of a department and describes his reaction to a slanderous press campaign. In addition to Gilles de la Tourette’s condition, the new documents elucidate the state of Parisian hospitals and the challenges of hospital physicians at the end of the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Beyond Verismo: Massenet's La Navarraise and ‘Realism’ in Fin-de-siècle Paris

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Critical Perception

AbstractThe ‘réalisme’ of Massenet's La Navarraise divided critics at its belated Parisian première on 3 October 1895. While the opera has typically been read as a straightforward attempt at French verismo, this article suggests a more complex set of ways in which modernity and the modern world shaped critical perceptions of and responses to realism. Placing La Navarraise within its wider cultural and technological contexts, I argue that the critics’ ambivalence to its realism provides insight into the changing and contested nature of critical perception and subjectivity in Paris in the final years of the nineteenth century.

Multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Over Time

This chapter describes the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and shows the uneven distribution across the world. Despite differences in diagnostic criteria over time and considerable variation in methodology the prevalence is higher in northern Europe, the northern part of North America, Australia, and New Zealand compared to the rest of the world. There is an unexplained increase in both incidence and prevalence across the world. The increased life expectancy correlates with the general increase in life expectancy and is so far neither explained by better diagnostics nor new treatments. Epidemiological studies are essential for our understanding of disease susceptibility and progression, and essential for planning of healthcare. Future studies should be large, methodologically sound, and comparable to enable comparisons across countries and regions.

Histories of Heterodoxy: Shifting Approaches to a Millenarian Tradition in Modern Church History

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 377-388
Author(s):  
Philip Lockley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Church History ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century

In 1956, the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge published a work chronicling a subject billed as ‘an unrecorded chapter of Church history’. The author was an elderly Anglican clergyman, George Balleine. The book was Past Finding Out: The Tragic Story of Joanna Southcott and her Successors.Before Balleine, the early nineteenth-century figure of Joanna Southcott, and her eventually global religious movement, had garnered scant mainstream attention. The most extensive work was Ronald Matthews’s rudimentary analysis of Southcott and five other ‘English Messiahs’ in a 1936 contribution to the psychology of religion. Southcott had not, in fact, claimed to be a messiah herself; rather, she was the prophet of a coming messiah named ‘Shiloh’. Southcott’s followers (variously labelled ‘Southcottians’, ‘Christian Israelites’ ‘Jezreelites’, among other names) believed that she and certain later figures were inspired by God to signal the imminence of the Christian millennium. Claimants to be the actual Shiloh messiah occasionally featured within this particular tradition of biblical interpretation, inspiration and theodicy. The splinter-prone movement spread through Britain, Australia, New Zealand and North America, and retained a few thousand members in the twentieth century.

Digital Mouvance: Once and Future Medieval Poetry Remediated in the Modern World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Medieval Poetry ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Significant Return ◽  
Insight Into

Chris Jones provides a unique insight into his involvement with two literary projects: Twitter poems composed with Jacob Polley as well as an Apple app of Seamus Heaney’s version of Robert Henryson’s Fables. These projects allow him to make carefully substantiated observations on the constant mutability inherent in medieval and medievalist poetry, rather than seeing the move to digital versions as the loss of an original. More generally, Jones also observes a significant return to medievalism among British poets in the twenty-first century, challenging the usual narrative that medievalism had its heyday in the nineteenth century.

A Comparative Analysis of Nineteenth-Century Californian and New Zealand Newspaper Representations of Chinese Gold Miners

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 248-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Hannis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Alta California ◽  
Chinese Rhetoric ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
Over Time

AbstractDuring the nineteenth-century gold rush era, Chinese gold miners arrived spontaneously in California and, later, were invited in to work the Otago goldfields in New Zealand. This article considers how the initial arrival of Chinese in those areas was represented in two major newspapers of the time, the Daily Alta California and the Otago Witness. Both newspapers initially favored Chinese immigration, due to the economic benefits that accrued and the generally tolerant outlook of the newspapers' editors. The structure of the papers' coverage differed, however, reflecting the differing historical circumstances of California and Otago. Both papers gave little space to reporting Chinese in their own voices. The newspapers editors played the crucial role in shaping each newspaper's coverage over time. The editor of the Witness remained at the helm of his newspaper throughout the survey period and his newspaper consequently did not waver in its support of the Chinese. The editor of the Alta, by contrast, died toward the end of the survey period and his newspaper subsequently descended into racist, anti-Chinese rhetoric.

Missionization, Māori, and Colonial Warfare in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Small Group ◽  
New World ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Warfare ◽  
Settler Population

Prior to the arrival of the first small group of Protestant evangelical missionaries to New Zealand in 1814, there were only intermittent, occasionally violent encounters between indigenous Māori and Europeans, predominantly sojourners such as explorers and sealers. Missionaries established the first European settlement in the northern part of the country, under the auspices of a Māori fortification. In 1840, British annexation took place; subsequently Māori were subjugated by a series of land wars and subsumed by a burgeoning settler population. As elsewhere in the New World, the processes of missionization in New Zealand became associated with the later events of colonization. This chapter examines the archaeology and history of missionization in New Zealand, briefly comparing these processes with those in other localities such as Australia and North America, and the specific ways in which missions contributed to the colonization of the country.

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