Pressure injuries in the ageing population

2017 ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
Cindy Kiely ◽  
Magdalena Pupiales
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Bony Prominence ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of pressure ulcers has been reported to range from 4.1 to 32.2% in the older adult population. Pressure ulcers, also known as decubitus ulcers, bedsores, and pressure sores, are defined as localized injury to the skin and/or underlying structures, usually over a bony prominence as result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear. Within the geriatric population, prevalence and incidence rates tend to be high due to multifactorial risk factors such as comorbidities, changes in functional status, nutritional habits, medications affecting the skin, and physiological changes. The impact of pressure ulcers spans physical, emotional, social, and economic dimensions, and is of concern throughout the healthcare continuum. The aim of this chapter is to illustrate the aetiologic complexity of pressure ulcers in the geriatric population and summarize a comprehensive approach to prevention and management of pressure ulcers.

scholarly journals Predictive Factors for Pressure Ulcers in an Older Adult Population Hospitalized for Hip Fractures: A Prognostic Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0169909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Chiari ◽  
Cristiana Forni ◽  
Monica Guberti ◽  
Domenica Gazineo ◽  
Sabrina Ronzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Older Adult Population

scholarly journals In the Eye of the COVID-19 Storm: An Ethical Analysis on Aging, End of Life, and Recovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al Giwa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Older Adult Population

Early into the COVID pandemic, epidemiologists and infectious disease experts warned that older adults were among those most vulnerable to the disease, as multiple studies from China, Italy, Washington State, and New York City showed that age greater than 65 significantly increased the risk of severe disease and/or death from the novel 2019 coronavirus. Centers for Disease Control data through June 2020 show that nearly 81% of deaths due to COVID-19 are of people 65 years of age and older. These breakdowns indicate that, primarily, persons with advanced age and most, often, those with multiple chronic conditions are those who have died. The effects of the virus led to public health measures aimed at reducing exposures of older people and other vulnerable populations. The disease was amplified in rehabilitation centers, skilled nursing facilities, assisted living centers, group homes, and other long-term care facilities serving a primarily geriatric population. Even as parts of the country are opening up, the death toll is still climbing and affecting the older adult population disproportionately. Duty to care, autonomy and self-determination, non-judgmental regard, justice, and futility are all significant ethical principles and constructs that have arisen in the intense and real-time application of healthcare as we continue to face the present global pandemic. We use an ethical lens to examine the medical response of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the older adult population and explore if society is doing enough to protect older adults, or rather, engaging in and furthering collective and systematic elder abuse.

scholarly journals EP.FRI.257 ELF 2: Defining the Denominator

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth McLennan ◽  
Angeline Price ◽  
Jemma Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Older Adult Population

Abstract Introduction The collaborative UK Emergency Laparotomy and Frailty (ELF) study was one of the first to investigate the older adult population undergoing emergency surgery. Despite accounting for almost half of emergency laparotomies and many considered high-risk, there remains a paucity of research in this population. One undefined area is the older patient who presents with acute abdominal pathology treatable by laparotomy but who do not undergo surgery. Aims The primary aim is to estimate the 90-day mortality in older patients presenting with acute abdominal pathology potentially treatable by emergency laparotomy who do not undergo surgery (NoLap). The secondary aims are the characterisation of this group, including frailty and sarcopenia with comparison to those older adults that have undergone emergency laparotomy (NELA and ELLSA). In addition, the decision-making process will be explored. Method Multicentre prospective cohort study via established research collaboratives (WelshBarbers, SSRG, OPSOC). ELF 2 requires at least 47 centres, recruiting 700 patients for 3months prospective data collection via REDCap of NoLap patients with the same NELA inclusion/exclusion criteria. This data will be compared with a matched cohort from NELA and ELLSA. ELF2 data collection includes demographics, co-morbidities, frailty and sarcopenia. Each patient will be followed up for 90-day and 1-year mortality. Heuristics behind the decision will be analysed. Discussion This trainee led collaborative project aims to improve understanding of the older adult population being considered for emergency laparotomy. With the ageing population being the dominant health users of the future, defining the denominator is essential for shared decision-making

scholarly journals Improving older adults’ vaccination uptake: are existing measures of vaccine hesitancy valid and reliable for older people?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Cogan ◽  
Allyson J. Gallant ◽  
Louise A. Brown Nicholls ◽  
Susan Rasmussen ◽  
David Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vaccination Uptake ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTOlder adults are particularly vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases (VDU), due to decreased immunity and increased comorbidity. Vaccination can support healthy ageing and help reduce morbidity, mortality, and loss of quality of life associated with VPDs. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, many countries, including the UK, fail to reach recommended coverage levels. Psychosocial factors are recognised as providing important insights into the determinants of vaccination uptake. Little research has sought to establish psychometrically sound scales of vaccine attitudes with older adults. In the present study, a total of 372 UK-based participants (65-92 years, M = 70.5 yrs, SD = 4.6) completed a cross-sectional, online survey measuring health and socio-demographic characteristics in relation to vaccination uptake for influenza, pneumococcal and shingles. Two recently developed vaccination attitude scales, the 5C scale and the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale, were also administered to test their reliability and validity for use with an older adult population. Additional scales used to examine convergent and discriminant validity, the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, the Perceived Sensitivity to Medicines Scale, the Medical Mistrust Index, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, were included. The factor structure of the 5C and VAX scales was confirmed. Both scales showed good internal reliability, convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity, supporting their use with older adult populations. The 5C and VAX scales were found to be reliable and valid psychosocial measures of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance within a UK-based, older adult population. Future research could use these scales to evaluate the impact of psychological antecedents of vaccine uptake, and how concerns about vaccination may be understood and addressed among older adults.Ethics approval & informed consentEthical approval (34/26/11/2019/Staff Williams) was granted by the School of Psychological Sciences and Health Ethics Committee, University of Strathclyde. (SEC19/20: Williams, Nicholls, Rasmussen, Young & Gallant). Approved on 8th January 2020.

scholarly journals The Impact of DSM-IV Symptom and Clinical Significance Criteria on the Prevalence Estimates of Subthreshold and Threshold Anxiety in the Older Adult Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Grenier ◽  
Michel Préville ◽  
Richard Boyer ◽  
Kieron O’Connor ◽  
Sarah-Gabrielle Béland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Sarcopenia, a Neurogenic Syndrome?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
The Impact

Sarcopenia is an aging-associated condition, which is currently characterized by the loss of muscle mass and muscle strength. However, there is no consensus regarding its characterization hitherto. As the world older adult population is on the rise, the impact of sarcopenia becomes greater. Due to the lack of effective treatments, sarcopenia is still a persisting problem among the global older adults and should not be overlooked. As a result, it is vital to investigate deeper into the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in order to develop more effective therapeutic interventions and to inscribe a more uniform characterization. The etiology of sarcopenia is currently found to be multifactorial, and most of the pharmacological researches are focused on the muscular factors in aging. Although the complete mechanism underlying the development of sarcopenia is still waiting to be elucidated, we propose in this article that the primary trigger of sarcopenia may be neurogenic in origin based on the intimate relationship between the nervous and muscular system, namely, the motor neuron and its underlying muscle fibers. Both of them are affected by the cellular environment and their physiological activity.

scholarly journals Becoming Visionary: Evaluation of a Comprehensive Eye Exam Clinic Within a Geriatric Rehabilitation Setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Jennifer Klein ◽  
Cathryn Schmidt ◽  
Aleem Bandali ◽  
Ross McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Geriatric Rehabilitation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
The Impact

In the older adult population, visual impairments are highly prevalent, but largely undiagnosed. Research has shown that such visual impairments increase the risk of falls, depression, and mortality amongst older adults. Studies are lacking that examine the impact of implementing an eye exam clinic within a hospital setting. The goal of this proposed study was to evaluate the feasibility of having community optometrists offer a Comprehensive Eye Exam (CEE) Clinic for detecting vision loss within a geriatric rehabilitation setting. Findings revealed 83% of participants were diagnosed with detectable vision problem of which more than half were previously undiagnosed. One third of participants had not seen an eye specialist within the past two years. The CEE Clinic was implemented with minimal expenses, low workload burden on staff, and detected significant vision issues among many participants.

535 ELF 2: DEFINING THE DENOMINATOR ELF STUDY GROUP

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii1-ii4
Author(s):  
A Price ◽  
E Mclennan ◽  
J Boyle ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Older Adult Population

Abstract Introduction The collaborative UK Emergency Laparotomy and Frailty (ELF) study was one of the first to investigate the older adult population undergoing emergency surgery. Despite accounting for almost half of emergency laparotomies and many considered high-risk, there remains a paucity of research in this population. One undefined area is the older patient who presents with acute abdominal pathology treatable by laparotomy but who do not undergo surgery. Aims The primary aim is to estimate the 90-day mortality in older patients presenting with acute abdominal pathology potentially treatable by emergency laparotomy who do not undergo surgery (NoLap). The secondary aims are characterisation of this group, including frailty and sarcopenia with comparison to those older adults that have undergone emergency laparotomy (NELA and ELLSA). In addition, the decision-making process will be explored. Method Multicentre prospective cohort study via established research collaboratives (Welsh Barbers, SSRG, OPSOC). ELF 2 requires at least 47 centres, recruiting 700 patients for 3 months prospective data collection via REDCap of NoLap patients with the same NELA inclusion/exclusion criteria. This data will be compared with a matched cohort from NELA and ELLSA. ELF2 data collection includes demographics, co-morbidities, frailty and sarcopenia. Each patient will be followed up for 90-day and 1-year mortality. Heuristics behind the decision will be analysed. Discussion This trainee led collaborative project aims to improve understanding of the older adult population being considered for emergency laparotomy. With the ageing population being the dominant health users of the future, defining the denominator is essential for shared decision-making.

scholarly journals The effect of protein supplementation and its timing on energy intake and appetite in a middle-older aged adult population

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esme Tuttiett ◽  
Elizabeth Williams ◽  
Bernard Corfe ◽  
Emma Stevenson ◽  
Tom Hill
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionWith ageing there is a reduction in muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia. A further consequence of ageing is a reduction in appetite and this can result in a reduced energy intake and malnutrition. Increased dietary protein intake may reduce the risk of sarcopenia, however, protein is particularly satiating. Increasing protein intake in the older adult population, without a reduction of overall energy intake and appetite is desirable. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of protein supplementation on dietary intake and appetite. A further aim was to explore whether the time of consumption (morning vs evening) modified the impact of protein on energy intake and appetite.Materials and methodsTwenty-four middle-older aged (50–75 years) participants were recruited to a randomised cross-over trial. In phase 1 (pre-supplementation) participants completed a 3d food diary and were asked to report hunger and appetite using visual analogue scale questionnaires. In the second and third phases, participants consumed a whey protein gel (containing 20 g protein and 376kJ of energy) for 4 days at either the evening (before bed) or in the morning (after breakfast) and completed the same tasks as phase 1. There was a 1-week wash-out period before crossing over to the alternative time point. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the data.ResultsThere was no significant difference in average daily energy and macronutrient intake provided by the habitual diet in the pre-supplementation phase compared to the whey protein supplementation phases, irrespective of timing (p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in reported feelings of hunger and appetite (p > 0.05).DiscussionContrary to expectations, the addition of a 20g/day whey protein supplement did not alter subsequent energy and macronutrient intake when consumed over a 4-day period in this middle-older adult population. This may be due to the low-calorie composition of the supplement, or the timing of the intake. This research helps to inform protein delivery strategies, however different product formulations need to be explored, and studies of longer duration are required to understand the impact of prolonged supplementation on eating behaviour.

Addressing Fall-Related Disability in the Older Adult Population: Bridging Kinesiology Theory, Research, and Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra J. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
National Initiatives ◽  
National Initiative ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Older Adult Population

The discipline of kinesiology has the potential to make significant contributions to the study of fall-related disability and the advancement of national initiatives aimed at reducing disability in the older adult population. Theoretical frameworks routinely used to guide research across the subdisciplines of kinesiology could and should be applied to the study of fall-related disability and the development of movement-based interventions aimed at improving balance and gait and thereby reducing fall incidence rates and/or injury that contributes to premature morbidity and mortality. Current research findings suggest the need for a stronger focus on the learning or relearning of skilled movement patterns and/or cognitive strategies than currently exists in the falls intervention literature. As a profession, kinesiology is uniquely positioned to play an important role in advancing the goals of the Falls Free© national initiative given the important role that exercise plays in the reduction of fall-related disability and mortality.

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