Attitudes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Schmidt ◽  
Simon Shorvon
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Racial Hygiene ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Epilepsy ◽  
Modern Era

It could be argued that the greatest advance in the field of epilepsy in the modern era has nothing to do with medicine, is not electroencephalography or magnetic resonance imaging or molecular biology, or the development of new drugs, but is in fact the change in societal attitudes towards those with epilepsy. Epilepsy is not only, or even most importantly, just a medical condition, but it is also something that happens to people, and it can destroy lives and livelihoods. There has been a welcome sea change in our opinions in recent years in the way people with epilepsy are treated and are regarded. All is not perfect by any means, and stigma is still present, but it surely is much less than it was in the early periods of the modern history of epilepsy, at least in Western cultures. This chapter charts the course of changing societal attitudes since 1860, through the dire years of theories of degeneration, eugenics, positivist criminology, and racial hygiene. There has been a transformation of epilepsy from the moral to the medical domain, from ‘badness’ to ‘sickness’, and this has certainly contributed to decreasing stigmatisation and deprecation. Much needs still to be done, and prejudice can flare up quickly; but nevertheless the public attitudes to epilepsy are far better now than in even the recent past.

scholarly journals Is the public supportive and willing to pay for a national assistive reproductive therapies programme? Results from a multicountry survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e044986
Author(s):  
Chris Skedgel ◽  
Eleanor Ralphs ◽  
Elaine Finn ◽  
Jennifer A Whitty ◽  
Marie Markert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Secondary Outcome Measure ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa

ObjectivesTo understand attitudes towards infertility and willingness to pay (WTP) towards a publicly funded national assistive reproductive therapies (ART) programme.DesignAttitudes survey with dichotomous and open-ended WTP questions.SettingOnline survey administered in the USA, UK, Spain, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and China.Participants7945 respondents, analysed by country. Nordic respondents were pooled into a regionally representative sample.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures were proportion of sample agreeing with different infertility-related and ART-related value statements and supporting a monthly contribution to fund a national ART programme, expressed in local currency. Secondary outcome measure was maximum WTP.ResultsAcross the nationally representative samples, 75.5% of all respondents agreed with infertility as a medical condition and 82.3% and 83.7% with ART eligibility for anyone who has difficulty having a baby or a medical problem preventing them from having a baby, respectively. 56.4% of respondents supported a defined monthly contribution and 73.9% supported at least some additional contribution to fund a national ART programme. Overall, converting to euros, median maximum WTP was €3.00 and mean was €15.47 (95% CI 14.23 to 16.72) per month. Maximum WTP was highest in China and the USA and lowest in the European samples.ConclusionsThis large, multicountry survey extends our understanding of public attitudes towards infertility and fertility treatment beyond Europe. It finds evidence that a majority of the public in all sampled countries/regions views infertility as a treatable medical condition and supports the idea that all infertile individuals should have access to treatments that improve the chance of conception. There was also strong agreement with the idea that the desire for children is a basic human need. WTP questions showed that a majority of respondents supported a monthly contribution to fund a national ART programme, although there is some evidence of an acquiescence bias that may overstate support among specific samples.

scholarly journals Individual vulnerabilities to psychosis after antiepileptic drug administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000036
Author(s):  
Nozomi Akanuma ◽  
Naoto Adachi ◽  
Peter Fenwick ◽  
Masumi Ito ◽  
Mitsutoshi Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
Intellectual Function ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Epilepsy ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundPsychosis often develops after the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with epilepsy. However, the individual vulnerability and clinical condition of such patients have been rarely scrutinised. We investigated the effect of individually consistent (trait-dependent) and inconsistent (state-dependent) characteristics.MethodsThe individual characteristics, clinical states and psychotic outcome of patients from eight adult epilepsy clinics were retrospectively reviewed over 6-month periods after a new drug (AED or non-AED) administration between 1981 and 2015.ResultsA total of 5018 new drugs (4402 AEDs and 616 non-AEDs) were used in 2015 patients with focal epilepsy. Subsequently, 105 psychotic episodes (81 interictal and 24 postictal) occurred in 89 patients. Twelve patients exhibited multiple episodes after different AED administrations. Trait-dependent characteristics (early onset of epilepsy, known presumed causes of epilepsy, lower intellectual function and a family history of psychosis) were significantly associated with the patients who exhibited psychosis. Absence of family history of epilepsy was also associated with psychosis but not significantly. Subsequent logistic regression analysis with a model incorporating family history of psychosis and epilepsy, and intellectual function was the most appropriate (p=0.000). State-dependent characteristics, including previous psychotic history and epilepsy-related variables (longer duration of epilepsy, AED administration, higher seizure frequency and concomitant use of AEDs) were significantly associated with psychotic episodes. Subsequent analysis found that a model including AED administration and previous psychotic history was the most appropriate (p=0.000).ConclusionPsychosis occurring after new AED administration was related to the individual vulnerability to psychosis and intractability of epilepsy.

Show the money first! Recent public attitudes towards the EU in Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Conti ◽  
Vincenzo Memoli
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
The Eu

In the recent past, attitudes towards the EU have become problematic in many member states. Even those countries that traditionally were more optimistic have actually experienced important declines in their popular backing of the European integration process. We examine the public attitudes towards the EU that have recently emerged in Italy, a country where support for EU membership has declined substantially. Making use of recent data and novel research techniques, the article sheds light on the explanatory power of different theoretical perspectives to explain these attitudes. Utilitarianism has emerged as the key explanatory factor, whereas other theories appear much less relevant in the Italian context.

Ultimate Sovereignty and the Flexibility of the Islamic Caliphate/Democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
Mujtaba Isani
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
The Public ◽  
Islamic Political Thought ◽  
Book Covers ◽  
Public Views ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract March’s exceptional book profoundly deals with the ideas of popular sovereignty and the Caliphate in modern Islamic political thought. While this book covers the concept of popular sovereignty in quite detail, March’s portrayal fails to convince the reader whether or not Islamic democracies are possible as a result. Based on previous work on medieval Islamic political thought and public attitudes towards the Caliphate, I argue that conceptions of Islamic government have differed according to context, place and time, and in the modern era the public views the Caliphate as a vehicle for justice and welfare. This implies that Islamic government can still be broadly based on the principles of modern Islamic political thought while the exact institutional configurations may still be able to differ according to place, time and context. In conclusion, while March’s book carefully synthesizes the theoretical debates, it might not have far-reaching practical implications for Islamic democracy.

scholarly journals FASILITAS PENGGEMAR PAKAIAN EKONOMIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 2113
Author(s):  
Alvin Alvin ◽  
Mieke Choandi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Community Center ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era

As time goes by, people, especially in urban areas, tend to have individualistic characteristics due to their busy daily routines. Where most of the time spent at work, home or shopping centers. Humans as social creatures who should socialize and interact with others to meet social needs. To meet social needs in the current modern era, it takes a social container that can accommodate the activities of the surrounding community. So that people can meet with each other, socialize and also interact through these social media platforms. Central Jakarta, precisely in the Senen Area, there is the Senen Market which is one of the historic / iconic buildings known as a dense place for trade activities, namely trade / services, namely the Senen Market, known as the Thrift center in Jakarta today, the community center can search clothes at economical prices. However, the daily life of the Senen people tends to only sell clothes that saturate the Senen community so that the Senen Market is now fading. As well as Senen, there are very few entertainment venues in the Senen Region, causing the Senen economy to decline. This is also related to Malcolm Barnard's theory that clothing can be a verbal and non-verbal communication tool that can later restore Senen area to an area where people do not trade but can interact, socialize, and hone the creativity of the Clothing Fan Facility Economical. Where this project aims to support the Senen Market also reduces the saturation of the Senen Market residents in their daily business activities as well as to facilitate the needs of service users at the Senen Bus Station. This project is also intended as a forum for Thrift communities and the surrounding arts to interact with other communities and can also show the works / history of economic clothing that people will see and buy so that not only trading, but the public can learn and understand the meaning of the clothes which finally triggers the community to interact, socialize, and hone their creativity. Keywords:  clothing; Pasar Senen; ThriftAbstrakSeiring perkembangannya zaman, masyarakat khususnya di perkotaan cenderung memiliki sifat yang individualis dikarenakan rutinitas sehari-hari yang padat. Dimana sebagian besar waktu dihabiskan di tempat kerja, rumah ataupun pusat perbelanjaan. Manusia sebagai makhluk sosial yang seharusnya bersosialisasi dan berinteraksi dengan sesama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sosial. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sosial di era modern saat ini, dibutuhkan wadah sosial yang dapat menampung aktivitas-aktivitas masyarakat sekitar. Sehingga masyarakat dapat saling bertemu, bersosialisasi dan juga berinteraksi melalui media wadah sosial tersebut. Jakarta Pusat, tepatnya di Kawasan Senen, terdapat Pasar Senen yang merupakan salah satu bangunan yang bersejarah / ikonik  yang dikenal sebagai tempat yang padat akan aktivitas berniaganya yaitu perdagangan / jasa yaitu Pasar Senen , dikenal sebagai pusat thrift di Jakarta saat ini yaitu pusat masyarakat dapat mencari pakaian dengan harga yang ekonomis. Akan tetapi keseharian masyarakat Senen cenderung hanya menjual pakaian saja membuat jenuh masyarakat Senen sehingga Pasar Senen kini meredup. Serta Senen terdapat minim sekali tempat hiburan yang terdapat di Kawasan Senen sehingga menimbulkan perekonomian Senen menurun. Hal ini berkaitan juga dengan teori dari Malcolm Barnard bahwa pakaian dapat menjadi sebuah alat komunikasi baik verbal maupun non-verbal yang nantinya dapat memulihkan kembali kawasan Senen menjadi Kawasan yang masyarakatnya tidak berdagang saja akan tetapi dapat berinteraksi, bersosialisasi, serta mengasah kreatifitas dari Fasilitas Penggemar Pakaian Ekonomis. Dimana Proyek ini bertujuan untuk menunjang Pasar Senen juga mengurangi kejenuhan penghuni Pasar Senen dalam kegiatan berniaganya sehari-hari juga untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan pengguna jasa di Stasiun Bus Senen. Proyek ini juga ditujukan sebagai wadah bagi komunitas-komunitas thrift maupun seni sekitar untuk berinteraksi dengan komunitas lainnya dan juga dapat menunjukan karya-karya / sejarah dari pakaian ekonomis yang masyarakat akan lihat dan beli sehingga tidak hanya berdagang saja , akan tetapi masyarakat dapat mempelajari dan memahami arti dari pakaian tersebut yang akhirnya memicu masyarakat untuk berinteraksi, bersosialisasi, serta mengasah kreatifitas mereka.

Public attitudes towards the employment of ex-offenders with a disability

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Darakai ◽  
Andrew Day ◽  
Joe Graffam
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
History Of ◽  
Employment Needs ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Ex-prisoners often face significant challenges in their efforts to find meaningful and stable work, undermining their chances of successful reintegration back into the community. These problems are likely to be compounded for those who have an intellectual disability (ID), given evidence that the disabled generally experience high levels of discrimination when applying for and maintaining jobs. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether members of the public hold different attitudes and expectations towards the employment of ex-offenders who have an ID and a history of criminal offending. Design/methodology/approach Samples of 642 participants, recruited via social media, were presented with vignettes, and then completed a short survey designed to measure their attitudes and expectations towards the employment of ex-offenders. Findings Whilst the presence of a mild ID did not significantly affect community attitudes towards ex-offender employment, it did change expectations about employment outcomes. Research limitations/implications It appears that ex-offenders are perceived as a homogenous group of people, despite actual and substantial differences existing within this population. Practical implications There is a need to actively educate the community about differences between subgroups of ex-offenders in relation to the employment needs of those with an ID. Social implications The social inclusion of ex-offenders with an ID lies at the heart of any effective and progressive criminal justice policy. Originality/value This is one of the only studies that has examined public attitudes towards this group.

Writing Europe into the History of the British Empire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rüger
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
European History ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The Public ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

How should we think of the relationship between Europe and the British empire? Much of the public debate in the recent past has suggested a clear-cut answer: the empire prevented Britain from being drawn ‘into Europe’; it was thanks to its imperial possessions that the United Kingdom could afford not to play a more active European role. Empire and Europe, in short, presented opposite poles in Britain’s engagement with the world. The essay challenges this widely held assumption. It investigates the many ways in which European and imperial experiences were bound up with each other in British life. By doing so, it explores strategies for writing the British empire into European history and European history into the imperial British past.

scholarly journals The Public Opinion In The Modern History Of Political Thought According To Jurgen Habermas

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Enkelejda Hamzaj
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era

Is not easy to make in a few lines a presentation of Habermas's thinking regarding to public opinion in the history of political thought. One of the most interesting sections of all habermasian discussion – developed not only in his opera History and critiques of public opinion but in others too – lies in clarifying how the public opinion concept was evaluate by philosophers of different political orientations during the modern era. According to Habermas, to do this analysis should go under the tracks of Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant and Hegel. Some of these authors appreciate and value the role of the public opinion while others do not believe in its function. It is not a coincidence that the"classic" treatment of the public opinion concept culminates with Kant, the author, who is considered one of the greatest luminaries in Europe. While we find in Hegel a devaluation of the public opinion, compared with the science, and this depreciation is parallel to the depreciation of the civil society against the State. On the other side we will see other contemporary authors analysis regarding public opinion, like Nicola Matteuci and Giuseppe Bedeschi and their thoughts compared with Habermas thoughts. To understand the function of public opinion I will show its specific characteristics throughout history from the Greek polis up to the French Revolution and the creation of the bourgeoisie class.

Once and Future Wetlands

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Support ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree

A societal conflict as prolonged and complex as the reversal of national policy on wetlands in the United States must contain some lessons for the future. Perhaps we are still too close to the issues to have everything in perspective historically, but two lessons seem obvious. One of these has to do with the channelizing effect of change in public attitudes toward wetlands and the other with the stabilizing effect of science on regulations and policies intended for the protection of wetlands. A look back at the previous chapters suggests that the history of wetland policy in the United States can be divided into three eras: a classical era during which removal was the policy; a modern era during which protection was the policy; and a new era, which appears to be postmodern in the sense that we adjust protection qualitatively in an attempt to make our coexistence with wetlands more comfortable. Politics of the removal era appear to have been relatively tranquil, as congressional action surrounding wetlands developed almost entirely through consultation with a single interest group (i.e., those who saw some economically beneficial potential in federal progams subsidizing or encouraging the removal of wetlands; Tzoumis 1998). The desire for protection, although present in some circles much earlier, became politically potent in parallel with the growth of general public support for environmental legislation. From that time forward, legislation and national policy have consistently been formed in an atmosphere of strongly opposing viewpoints, but the protectionist impulse has prevailed. It seems doubtful now that an open legislative assault on wetland protection would be successful, simply because the public has fully absorbed the idea of protection for about a generation. The fundamental intent of protectionism, however, still could be subverted judicially or administratively; this is the main issue for the future. From 1970 to the present, the politics of wetlands has seemed unstable and even chaotic. Participants in the contest over wetlands typically have viewed the future with a high degree of pessimism. This is especially true for the defenders of wetlands, who fear, and in some cases almost anticipate, reactionary backsliding.

Apartheid and post-apartheid analysis of public confidence in the police

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis D. Boateng ◽  
Jihye Yoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
World Value Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Attitudes Toward The Police

PurposeGiven the tumultuous history of policing in South Africa, the historic relationship between the police and the public, and the continuous rising crime rates, it is perplexing that little quantitative research has been conducted on legitimacy and the SAPS. The current study assesses public confidence in police in South Africa by analyzing data from a more than three-decade-old public opinion survey. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine changes in public confidence since 1981; and second, to determine factors that cause variations in confidence during a given period.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the objectives, the authors analyzed longitudinal data collected from 1981 to 2014 as part of the world Value Survey program. ANOVA and multivariate regression analyses were conducted.FindingsFindings indicate that confidence in SAPS was highest during the period immediately after apartheid and then dwindled from 1999 onwards. Moreover, race, happiness and education have historically influenced public confidence in the police.Originality/valueThese findings provide information that could be useful for transforming the SAPS, especially in developing viable strategies to strengthen the police’s relationship with citizens. Additionally, the manuscript provides an original contribution to the study of public attitudes toward the police and police legitimacy, especially in a non-western society.

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