Cancer and chronic disease clusters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex G. Stewart ◽  
Sam Ghebrehewet ◽  
Richard Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Disease Clusters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Structured Approach

Clusters of disease are often reported to health protection and a finger pointed at a nearby environmental hazard that is thought to be the cause. There is an expectation that the causal linkage will be clarified and action taken to alleviate the resulting anxiety and stop further ill health. Not all reported clusters are real, but all are worth some level of investigation to alleviate anxiety. However, investigating such clusters is not easy. Neither is investigating causal linkages to environmental issues. Using an example of childhood cancer and contaminated land, this chapter takes a stepwise, structured approach to the investigation, defining realistic outcomes and clear criteria to stop such an investigation. The vital role of a multi-agency incident team to integrate health studies and environmental investigations is explored. Readers will be able to undertake such investigations for themselves across a wide range of putative clusters of chronic diseases.

A Review on the Anti-Viral Activity of Houttuynia cordata: A Possible Herb for the Management and Treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Emdormi Rymbai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Plants are an important source of natural products and they play a vital role in the field of medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical science. Traditional medicines have been practiced and used for thousands of years, mostly in Asian countries, where plants are the main sources of medicine. Houttuynia cordata, a herb that belongs to the family Saururaceae, has a wide range of pharmacological activities and is used traditionally in conditions like anisolobis sores, heatstroke, lung carbuncles, malaria, scrotal abscess, tonsillitis, salammoniac poison and has also been widely accepted to possess anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, antibacterial, anti-viral and anti-purulent activity. Moreover, it is one of the herbs that was recognized during pandemic outbreaks, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS CoV) in China, virulent Newcastle Disease Virus (VNDV) in Java (Indonesia) and Newcastle (England). In this review, we briefly discuss the role of H. cordata as an anti-viral agent and the possibility of developing a dosage form against Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

scholarly journals Adaptation of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Feral Birds and their Potential Role in Interspecies Transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz-ul- Rahman ◽  
Momena Habib ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction:Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV 1, avulaviruses), is a notifiable disease throughout the world due to the economic impact on trading restrictions and its embargoes placed in endemic regions. The feral birds including aquatic/migratory birds and other wild birds may act as natural reservoir hosts of ND Viruses (NDVs) and may play a remarkable role in the spread of the virus in environment. In addition, other 19 avulaviruses namely: AAvV 2 to 20, have been potentially recognized from feral avian species.Expalantion:Many previous studies have investigated the field prevailing NDVs to adapt a wide range of susceptible host. Still the available data is not enough to declare the potential role of feral birds in transmission of the virus to poultry and/or other avian birds. In view of the latest evidence related to incidences of AAvVs in susceptible avian species, it is increasingly important to understand the potential of viruses to transmit within the domestic poultry and other avian hosts. Genomic and phylogenomic analysis of several investigations has shown the same (RK/RQRR↓F) motif cleavage site among NDV isolates with same genotypes from domestic poultry and other wild hosts. So, the insight of this, various semi-captive/free-ranging wild avian species could play a vital role in the dissemination of the virus, which is an important consideration to control the disease outbreaks. Insufficient data on AAvV 1 transmission from wild birds to poultry and vice versa is the main constraint to understand about its molecular biology and genomic potential to cause infection in all susceptible hosts.Conclusion:The current review details the pertinent features of several historical and contemporary aspects of NDVs and the vital role of feral birds in its molecular epidemiology and ecology.

scholarly journals OPENCRONIC Study. Knowledge and Experiences of Spanish Patients and Carers about Chronic Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Emilio Casariego ◽  
Ana Cebrián-Cuenca ◽  
José Llisterri ◽  
Rafael Micó-Pérez ◽  
Domingo Orozco-Beltran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
And Training

Background: Chronic diseases are currently the main cause of morbidity and mortality and represent a major challenge to healthcare systems. The objective of this study is to know Spanish public opinion about chronic disease and how it affects their daily lives. Methods: Through a telephone or online survey of 24 questions, data was gathered on the characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge and experiences of chronic diseases. Results: Of the 2522 survey respondents, 325 had a chronic disease and were carers, 1088 had a chronic disease and were not carers, 140 did not have a chronic disease but were carers, and 969 did not have chronic disease and were not carers. The degree of knowledge on these diseases was good or very good for 69.4%, 56.0%, 62.2%, and 46.7%, respectively, for each group. All the groups agreed that chronic diseases mainly affect mood, quality of life and having to make sacrifices. Conclusions: Knowledge about chronic diseases is relatively good, although it can be improved among the Spanish population, especially among patients who report having a chronic disease and play the role of carers. However, it is important to continue maintaining the level of information and training concerning these diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Interventional Radiologist in the Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 062-073
Author(s):  
William Bremer ◽  
Charles E. Ray ◽  
Ketan Y. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Aspiration Thrombectomy ◽  
Catheter Directed Thrombolysis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Submassive Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term

AbstractPulmonary embolism is a common cause of morbidity and mortality which continues to increase in overall incidence. Because it can occur with a wide range of clinical presentations, different guidelines have been developed for appropriate risk stratification of patients; interventional radiology plays a vital role in the management of both massive and submassive pulmonary embolism. Catheter-directed therapy, including mechanical and aspiration thrombectomy, standard catheter-directed thrombolysis, and ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis, has many benefits, including lower thrombolytic doses and intraclot administration of thrombolytic therapy. While the role of catheter-directed therapy is still being developed, four important prospective studies have demonstrated its safety and efficacy. Additional studies comparing short- and long-term clinical outcomes in patients treated with catheter-directed therapy versus anticoagulation are the next step in understanding its role within the management of submassive pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, multidisciplinary pulmonary embolism response teams, in which interventional radiology plays a crucial role, are becoming essential to appropriately managing pulmonary embolism patients, including selection of those who may benefit from catheter-directed therapy.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Role of Functional Components in Alliums for Preventive Chronic Disease in Human Being

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawen Zeng ◽  
Yuping Li ◽  
Jiazhen Yang ◽  
Xiaoying Pu ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Functional Components

Objectives. Functional components in alliums have long been maintained to play a key role in modifying the major risk factors for chronic disease. To obtain a better understanding of alliums for chronic disease prevention, we conducted a systematic review for risk factors and prevention strategies for chronic disease of functional components in alliums, based on a comprehensive English literature search that was conducted using various electronic search databases, especially the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI for the period 2007–2016.Alliumgenus especially garlic, onion, and Chinese chive is rich in organosulfur compounds, quercetin, flavonoids, saponins, and others, which have anticancer, preventive cardiovascular and heart diseases, anti-inflammation, antiobesity, antidiabetes, antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, neuroprotective and immunological effects, and so on. These results supportAlliumgenus; garlic and onion especially may be the promising dietotherapeutic vegetables and organopolysulfides as well as quercetin mechanism in the treatment of chronic diseases. This review may be used as scientific basis for the development of functional food, nutraceuticals, and alternative drugs to improve the chronic diseases.

Where Do Agri-Food Entrepreneurs Learn Their Job and are There Skills They Wished They Had Learned?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Becot ◽  
David Conner ◽  
Jane Kolodinsky
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Food System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Entrepreneurial Knowledge

The agri-food system plays a vital role in the socioeconomic well-being of the USA. In rural Vermont, the setting for this study, the contributions are even larger. Agri-food businesses contribute an estimated 12% of the state's gross domestic product and comprise 13% of private sector establishments. The community economic development potential of fostering successful food entrepreneurs suggests a role for higher education in educating the next generation of entrepreneurs. This study explores gaps in entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. Using a survey of agri-food entrepreneurs designed to obtain an understanding of the tools needed for success, the authors found that entrepreneurs valued a wide range of skills, making it difficult to tailor training. The importance of informal learning was also confirmed. The authors conclude that the role of higher education in entrepreneurial education is to educate students to think critically, recognize opportunities, develop networks and identify resources. In addition, it is critical to provide students with exposure to entrepreneurs in the field.

scholarly journals Environmental Education for Students from School to University: Case Study on Biorefineries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nogales-Delgado ◽  
Martín
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

Universities play an important role in society. On the other hand, more and more governments and international organizations are concerned about the environment. Thus, both in their educational programs and research, as well as in the case of public exhibitions, universities are increasingly including subjects related to the environment and its preservation. In the case of Spain, there are fewer university students than ten years ago (from approximately 140,000 to fewer than 130,000), and the number of students interested in technical and scientific degrees has equally decreased. Consequently, the importance of fostering a scientific culture with concerns in environmental issues is continuously increasing, from schools to universities. The role of real scientific environments, such as laboratories devoted to scientific research, could be an important support for environmental divulgation, as most research carried out at universities have to do with these subjects. The aim of this work was to show a specific case of environmental education in a laboratory devoted to the production of biodiesel and biolubricants, covering a wide range of academic levels and, depending on the audience, selecting the right content (both theoretical and practical). This guide was useful for the laboratory technicians, increasing the interest of the audience (considering the expositions good or excellent, depending on the academic level, and gaining enough or excellent knowledge about biorefineries).

scholarly journals A scoping review to map the concept, content, and outcome of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0243908
Author(s):  
Mats Jong ◽  
E. Anne Lown ◽  
Winnie Schats ◽  
Michelle L. Mills ◽  
Heather R. Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Adventure Therapy ◽  
Wilderness Programs ◽  
Wide Range

Objectives Systematic mapping of the concept, content, and outcome of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors. Design Scoping review. Search strategy Searches were performed in 13 databases and the grey literature. Included studies describe participation of childhood cancer survivors in wilderness programs where the role of nature had a contextual and therapeutic premise. At least two authors independently performed screening, data extraction and analysis. Results Database searches yielded 1848 articles, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of programs (73%) employed adventure therapy. Five activity categories were identified as components of wilderness programs: challenge/risk, free time/leisure, experiential learning, physical activity and psychotherapeutic activities. A majority of the participating childhood cancer survivors were female, white, aged 8–40 years, with a wide range of cancer diagnoses. Reported outcomes included increased social involvement, self-esteem, self-confidence, self-efficacy, social support, and physical activity. Key gaps identified included the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), lack of studies on long-term effects, lack of information on the multicultural aspects of programs, and missing information on engagement in nature activities after the program ended. Conclusions This scoping review guides childhood cancer survivors, their families, practitioners, clinicians and researchers in the development and optimization of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors. In addition, it informs the utilization of these programs, and identifies gaps in the evidence base of wilderness programs. It is recommended that future study reporting on wilderness programs include more detail and explicitly address the role of nature in the program. Performing RCTs on wilderness programs is challenging, as they occur in real-life contexts in which participants cannot be blinded. Creative solutions in the design of pragmatic trials and mixed method studies are thus needed for further investigation of the effectiveness and safety of wilderness programs in childhood cancer survivors.

scholarly journals Plausible role of Arq Ajīb in combating COVID-19: A multi-faceted review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Noman Anwar ◽  
N. Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
Shehnaz Begum
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Massive Change ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a massive change in every aspect of our lives. It has grossly affected the healthcare system, business and world trade, disruption of movement and supply of essential goods and has crippled the global economy. Although few vaccines have been approved for the control of disease, targeted therapy options for this virulent disease still remain limited and elusive. Exhaustive search for potent therapeutic candidate is in progress, for which herbal armory are also being explored. Medicinal plants and their products play a vital role in alleviating various diseases and have been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Plant-based drugs with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulotry activities were hypothetically considered as potential drugs to prevent and mitigate the prevailing situation caused by SARS-CoV-2. Arq Ajīb ‘a Unani formulation’ presents compelling approach in treating numerous diseases. The ingredients of Arq Ajīb and their phytocompounds have been reported for wide-ranging pharmaco-biological activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulotry, anti-allergic, antitussive and bronchodilatory activities. Scientific data available on the formulation ingredients and their phytocompounds indicates that the formulation may have a significant role in augmenting the immune status of individual, protecting them from infection and providing symptomatic relief to patients affected with COVID-19. Hence, it may be considered as a potential drug for the development of novel therapeutic candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This multi-faceted review highlights the therapeutic significance and pharmacological actions of Arq Ajīb and its ingredients to demonstrate the plausible role of the formulation in combating COVID-19. Keywords: Arq Ajīb, COVID-19, Pudina, Ajwain, Camphor, Unani formulation

Feedstock: A Solution to Energy and Environment Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinjal J. Shah ◽  
Satyendra Tripathi ◽  
Touseef Hussain ◽  
Zhaoyang You
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Renewable Feedstock ◽  
To Come ◽  
Environment Sustainability ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Agricultural Food

Background: Scarcity of resources, the energy crisis, environmental pollution and climate change are the central challenges that people will have to face in the years to come. Nowadays, agricultural, food and industrial waste is generated in large quantities, which poses a serious problem in its management and disposal. Objective: Feedstocks play a vital role in solving energy and environmental problems. All renewable, biological substances that are used directly as fuel or converted into another form of energy or fuel products are referred to as feedstocks. Biomass is also a clean and renewable feedstock option; also be an excellent alternative to conventional fuels. Method: Renewable fuels are cleaner than traditional coal and petroleum, which reduces air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Various methods could be used to achieve sustainable development methods that not only lead to better waste management. Nevertheless, they could also generate industrially important materials, chemicals, fuels and valuable end products from waste. Results: This review provides an overview of the global scenario for the feedstock. In addition, this paper examines the role of feedstocks in solving energy and environmental issues. Conclusion: This paper sheds light on the issue of environmental impact in order to achieve overall sustainability. Finally, the merits of the feedstock technology prospects were addressed.

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