Cardiac involvement in systemic diseases

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hagendorff
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Events

Systemic diseases are generally an interdisciplinary challenge in clinical practice. Systemic diseases are able to induce tissue damage in different organs with ongoing duration of the illness. The heart and the circulation are important targets in systemic diseases. The cardiac involvement in systemic diseases normally introduces a chronic process of alterations in cardiac tissue, which causes cardiac failure in the end stage of the diseases or causes dangerous and life-threatening problems by induced acute cardiac events, such as myocardial infarction due to coronary thrombosis. Thus, diagnostic methods—especially imaging techniques—are required, which can be used for screening as well as for the detection of early stages of the diseases. Two-dimensional echocardiography is the predominant diagnostic technique in cardiology for the detection of injuries in cardiac tissue—e.g. the myocardium, endocardium, and the pericardium—due to the overall availability of the non-invasive procedure.The quality of the echocardiography and the success rate of detecting cardiac pathologies in patients with primary non-cardiac problems depend on the competence and expertise of the investigator. Especially in this scenario clinical knowledge about the influence of the systemic disease on cardiac anatomy and physiology is essential for central diagnostic problem. Therefore the primary echocardiography in these patients should be performed by an experienced clinician or investigator. It is possible to detect changes of cardiac morphology and function at different stages of systemic diseases as well as complications of the systemic diseases by echocardiography.The different parts of this chapter will show proposals for qualified transthoracic echocardiography focusing on cardiac structures which are mainly involved in different systemic diseases.

scholarly journals The vulnerable coronary plaque: update on imaging technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 706-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Marco Rosa ◽  
Matteo Bauckneht ◽  
Giovanni Masoero ◽  
François Mach ◽  
Alessandra Quercioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Plaque ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process

SummarySeveral studies have been carried out on vulnerable plaque as the main culprit for ischaemic cardiac events. Historically, the most important diagnostic technique for studying coronary atherosclerotic disease was to determine the residual luminal diameter by angiographic measurement of the stenosis. However, it has become clear that vulnerable plaque rupture as well as thrombosis, rather than stenosis, triggers most acute ischaemic events and that the quantification of risk based merely on severity of the arterial stenosis is not sufficient. In the last decades, substantial progresses have been made on optimisation of techniques detecting the arterial wall morphology, plaque composition and inflammation. To date, the use of a single technique is not recommended to precisely identify the progression of the atherosclerotic process in human beings. In contrast, the integration of data that can be derived from multiple methods might improve our knowledge about plaque destabilisation. The aim of this narrative review is to update evidence on the accuracy of the currently available non-invasive and invasive imaging techniques in identifying components and morphologic characteristics associated with coronary plaque vulnerability.

scholarly journals Clinical Use of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Systemic Heart Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sophie Mavrogeni ◽  
George Markousis-Mavrogenis ◽  
Genovefa Kolovou ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Aortic Distensibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Perfusion ◽  
Breast Size ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Heart Involvement

A systemic disease is one that affects a number of organs and tissues, or the body as a whole. Systemic diseases include endocrine, metabolic, nutritional, multisystem (rheumatic) and HIV disease. Cardiovascular involvement is a common and underestimated problem in systemic diseases, and may present with disease associated cardiac involvement at diagnosis or later in the course of the systemic disease. The cardiac involvement in these diseases is usually silent or oligo-symptomatic and includes different pathophysiological mechanisms such as, myocardial inflammation, infarction, diffuse, subendocardial vasculitis, valvular disease and different patterns of fibrosis. Furthermore, acuity of heart involvement may be underestimated due to non-specific cardiac signs, and finally, most of patients are female and unable to exercise, due to arthritis or muscular discomfort/weakness or may have limited acoustic window, due to increased breast size. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), due to its ability to reliably assess cardiac anatomy, function, inflammation, stress perfusion-fibrosis, aortic distensibility, and iron and fat deposition, constitutes an excellent tool for early diagnosis of heart involvement, risk stratification, treatment evaluation and long-term follow-up of patients with cardiac disease due to systemic diseases.

scholarly journals Cardiac amyloidosis: a review of the literature and a practical approach for the clinicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Angelini ◽  
Francesca Zanco ◽  
Chiara Castellani ◽  
Andrea Di Francesco ◽  
Mila Della Barbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Precursor Proteins ◽  
Recent Treatment

Amyloidosis is a group of progressive and devastating disorders resulting from misfolded proteins extracellular deposition into tissues. When deposition of fibrils occurs in cardiac tissues, this systemic disease can lead to a very poor prognosis. In this review, we focused on the most common types of cardiac amyloidosis and their treatments. Early diagnosis remains critically important, and here we reviewed the diagnostic methods adopted starting from the non-invasive imaging techniques to more invasive approaches, and the typing of precursor proteins. Typing the different misfolding proteins is mandatory since therapy differs accordingly and thus guiding therapy. We highlighted the most updated and recent treatment strategies to cure amyloidosis.

scholarly journals IMAGING OF INFECTIOUS PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
A. B. Kosichkina ◽  
A. V. Mishchenko ◽  
S. A. Kuleva ◽  
I. A. Burovik ◽  
Yu. A. Chudinovskikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Tract Infections

Radiological imaging is the main diagnostic technique of infectious pulmonary complications in patients with hematological malignancy. Disturbance of the immune system in this group of patients causes uncommon epidemiology, nonspecific clinical manifestation and rapidly progressive development of the infectious process. Modern diagnostic methods allow to reveal inflammatory changes in the lungs with high efficiency. In the current clinical practice, the most actual problem is rapid identification of pathogens using the wide-spread method. This possibility results in faster and more accurate patient treatment. The article reviews different imaging techniques and focuses on the preferable method for diagnosing pneumonia in immunocompromised patients and presents a recent view of russian and foreign researchers on the advantages and limitations of computed tomography in the differential diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals Trends in Laboratory Diagnostic Methods in Periodontology

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beáta Bolerázska ◽  
Mária Mareková ◽  
Neda Markovská
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Oral Microbiology ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This work presents a summary of current knowledge on the laboratory diagnosis of periodontitis. It focuses on the theoretical foundations and is supplemented with new knowledge. It subsequently describes specifically the laboratory diagnosis methods of periodontitis: the protein expression of inflammation, oral microbiology and molecular diagnostics. Periodontitis is a serious disease worldwide and its confirmed association with systemic diseases means its severity is increasing. Its laboratory diagnosis has the potential to rise to the level of clinical and diagnostic imaging. The transfer of diagnostic methods from laboratory to clinical use is increasingly used in the prevention and monitoring of the exacerbation and treatment of periodontal disease, as well as of its impact on systemic disease.

scholarly journals Oral and Maxillo-Facial Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: An Overview

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Saverio Capodiferro ◽  
Luisa Limongelli ◽  
Gianfranco Favia
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Current Special Issue

Many systemic (infective, genetic, autoimmune, neoplastic) diseases may involve the oral cavity and, more generally, the soft and hard tissues of the head and neck as primary or secondary localization. Primary onset in the oral cavity of both pediatric and adult diseases usually represents a true challenge for clinicians; their precocious detection is often difficult and requires a wide knowledge but surely results in the early diagnosis and therapy onset with an overall better prognosis and clinical outcomes. In the current paper, as for the topic of the current Special Issue, the authors present an overview on the most frequent clinical manifestations at the oral and maxillo-facial district of systemic disease.

Non-radioactive imaging strategies for in vivo immune cell tracking

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kiraga ◽  
Paulina Kucharzewska ◽  
Damian Strzemecki ◽  
Tomasz P. Rygiel ◽  
Magdalena Król
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract In vivo tracking of administered cells chosen for specific disease treatment may be conducted by diagnostic imaging techniques preceded by cell labeling with special contrast agents. The most commonly used agents are those with radioactive properties, however their use in research is often impossible. This review paper focuses on the essential aspect of cell tracking with the exclusion of radioisotope tracers, therefore we compare application of different types of non-radioactive contrast agents (cell tracers), methods of cell labeling and application of various techniques for cell tracking, which are commonly used in preclinical or clinical studies. We discuss diagnostic imaging methods belonging to three groups: (1) Contrast-enhanced X-ray imaging, (2) Magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) Optical imaging. In addition, we present some interesting data from our own research on tracking immune cell with the use of discussed methods. Finally, we introduce an algorithm which may be useful for researchers planning leukocyte targeting studies, which may help to choose the appropriate cell type, contrast agent and diagnostic technique for particular disease study.

Systemic Diseases Associated with Nasal Symptoms

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy A. Settipane
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Careful History

Many systemic diseases are associated with nasal symptoms, Rhinitis associated with asthma is probably the most common with leprosy and fungal infections being the rarest. A careful history and nasal examination in a patient with rhinitis may lead to the discovery of more significant systemic diseases. Proper treatment of systemic disease will often cure or improve the associated rhinitis. Similarly, appropriate treatment of the rhinitis/sinusitis may reduce systemic complaints such as asthma. At times, identification of the cause of rhinitis as in CSF rhinorrhea, Wegeners’ syndrome, etc., alerts one to a life-threatening entity. Thus, it is apparent that the nose is an excellent mirror of some systemic diseases and identifying and understanding the differential diagnosis of nasal symptoms may be a tremendous help in diagnosing the disease and treating the whole patient.

scholarly journals Cardiac Sarcoidosis as an Uncommon Etiology for Posterior Circulation Stroke Presenting with Alexia without Agraphia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mohankumar Kurukumbi ◽  
Lauren Gardiner ◽  
Shevani Sahai ◽  
John W. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Memory And Recall

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with cardiac involvement occurring in 20-50% of cases. Cardiogenic stroke caused by cardiac sarcoidosis, especially PCA infarction, is a rare clinical presentation that necessitates timely diagnosis and may warrant treatment prophylaxis against CVA. In this case report, we describe a 54-year-old Caucasian male presenting with left PCA stroke in the setting of cardiac and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and hypertension. His presenting symptoms included right partial hemianopia, difficulty with naming, memory, and recall, and alexia without agraphia. Cardiogenic stroke is an uncommon manifestation of cardiac sarcoidosis, and given the disabling nature of these sequelae, the importance of early diagnosis and prevention with anticoagulation is crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Chart review of diagnostic methods, baseline characteristics and symptoms for European patients with pancreatic cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 1843-1854
Author(s):  
Alfredo Carrato ◽  
Davide Melisi ◽  
Gerald Prager ◽  
Christoph B Westphalen ◽  
Anabel Ferreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
First Line ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Aim: To survey European physicians managing patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and understand differences in baseline characteristics, diagnostic methods, symptoms and co-morbidities. Materials & methods: Patient record inclusion criteria were: ≥18 years old, metastatic PDAC diagnosis and completion of first-line treatment between July 2014 and January 2016. Records were grouped by patient age, gender and primary tumor location. Results: Records (n = 2565) were collected from nine countries. Baseline characteristics varied between subgroups. Computed tomography was the most frequently used diagnostic technique. Symptoms at diagnosis included abdominal and/or mid-back pain (72% of patients) and weight loss (61.5%). Co-morbidities varied with patient age. Conclusion: Greater awareness of symptoms, diagnostic methods and co-morbidities present at PDAC diagnosis may support better patient management decisions.

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