Social aspects (work)

2013 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Ross Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Information ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
To Come ◽  
Absence From Work ◽  
The Impact

The impact of musculoskeletal disorders on work is demanding more attention from all stakeholders, including clinicians and policy-makers. Musculoskeletal disorders are the most frequently cited reason for absence from work and there is a need for new approaches and attitudes to assess and reduce the burden. For many rheumatologists, inflammatory arthritis is the most frequently encountered condition that interferes with work. However, the cumulative burden of non-inflammatory arthropathies and disorders such as back pain, osteoarthritis, and limb pain as a whole, results in a much greater economic and human cost to society than inflammatory disease. As the incidence of these conditions increases with age and as working lives extend, there will be many more employees with musculoskeletal problems in years to come. Significantly, new information supports the view that work loss need not be a consequence of a musculoskeletal disorder or disability. This presents an achievable challenge to everyone and underlines the importance of a biopsychosocial and interdisciplinary approach involving interaction between those with a musculoskeletal condition, clinicians, employers, and policy-makers. This chapter outlines the challenges (i.e. the size of the problem and reasons for work restriction) and opportunities to reduce the burden of musculoskeletal conditions on work. It draws on the results of empirical studies to highlight potential targets to reduce work restriction.

MUSCULOSKELETAL COMPLAINTS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghorbanali Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
High School Teachers ◽  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
The Impact

Musculoskeletal disorders represent one of the leading causes of occupational injury and disability in the developed and industrially developing countries. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Iranian high school teachers was determined by using Nordic questionnaires as the diagnostic tool. Data on MSDs were analyzed in 231 high school teachers. The survey was performed four times, twice every year. The MSDs were defined using three definitions, based on the frequency, duration and pain intensity of the symptoms. Symptoms causing work interference in the last 12 months were reported by 35% male and 15% female participants at baseline. Low back symptoms were the most common cause of work impairment (male = 69%, female = 77%), followed by equality pain in the neck. Based on the participants report, during the last 24 months there were totally 35% male and 15% female days of sick leave due to MSDs. The study confirms that the high prevalence of musculoskeletal problems may prevent teachers from doing their jobs, resulting in work absenteeism, may decrease work productivity, and may incur direct and indirect costs. Future research will examine the impact of organizational of work.

scholarly journals Age-stratified model of the COVID-19 epidemic to analyze the impact of relaxing lockdown measures: nowcasting and forecasting for Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadoua Balabdaoui ◽  
Dirk Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Infected Individual ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Important Basis ◽  
Stratified Model

AbstractCompartmental models enable the analysis and prediction of an epidemic including the number of infected, hospitalized and deceased individuals in a population. They allow for computational case studies on non-pharmaceutical interventions thereby providing an important basis for policy makers. While research is ongoing on the transmission dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, it is important to come up with epidemic models that can describe the main stages of the progression of the associated COVID-19 respiratory disease. We propose an age-stratified discrete compartment model as an alternative to differential equation based S-I-R type of models. The model captures the highly age-dependent progression of COVID-19 and is able to describe the day-by-day advancement of an infected individual in a modern health care system. The fully-identified model for Switzerland not only predicts the overall histories of the number of infected, hospitalized and deceased, but also the corresponding age-distributions. The model-based analysis of the outbreak reveals an average infection fatality ratio of 0.4% with a pronounced maximum of 9.5% for those aged ≥80 years. The predictions for different scenarios of relaxing the soft lockdown indicate a low risk of overloading the hospitals through a second wave of infections. However, there is a hidden risk of a significant increase in the total fatalities (by up to 200%) in case schools reopen with insufficient containment measures in place.

scholarly journals Workplace musculoskeletal problems in occupational therapy students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Morabito ◽  
Stefania Penkala ◽  
Kristy Coxon
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Workplace musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of morbidity and disability in the Australian workforce. Over one in five occupational therapists report workplace musculoskeletal disorders, with almost half reporting workplace musculoskeletal symptoms. In other health professions, students and novice clinicians (≤5 years practice) experience greater risk but little is known about occupational therapy students. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a survey including the self-reported Standardised Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was administered to occupational therapy students post work-based training. Musculoskeletal problems were defined as aches, pains, numbness or discomfort. Questions explored body sites affected, prevalence, impact on activity, need for medical assistance, demographic and workplace information. Prevalence was reported using descriptive statistics. Factors associated with workplace musculoskeletal problems over the previous 12 months and last 7 days were examined using logistic regression modelling. Results Response rate was 53% (n = 211/397). One-third of respondents (33.6%, n = 71/211) reported a workplace musculoskeletal problem over 12 months. Nearly half (47.9%, n = 34/71) of these students reported a problem over the last 7 days. Neck was the most commonly affected area reported for musculoskeletal problems over the past 12 months (24.2%, n = 51/211) and shoulder areas affected over the past 7 days (10.9%, n = 23/211). Musculoskeletal problems preventing daily activities were reported most commonly from lower back problems over 12 months (23.9%, n = 17/71) and for shoulder problems over the last 7 days (21.9%, n = 7/32). Shoulders and knees were the most common body areas requiring medical attention. Previous musculoskeletal problems and female gender were associated with reported problems over 12 months and last 7 days (p < 0.05). Non-standard joint mobility (OR = 3.82, p = 0.002) and working in psychosocially focused caseloads (including mental health or case management) (OR = 3.04, p = 0.044) were also associated with reporting musculoskeletal problems over the last 7 days. Conclusions One in three occupational therapy students already experience workplace musculoskeletal problems impacting daily activities and requiring medical assistance prior to graduation. High prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in this study calls for educators and researchers to find sustainable strategies to address these problems, with particular consideration to the impact of previous disorders and working in psychosocially focused caseloads on musculoskeletal health.

scholarly journals Practical Review and Evaluation on Parenting Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Jewish A. Merin
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Parenting Education ◽  
The Family ◽  
Asset Based Community Development ◽  
To Come ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
The Impact

<span>Parenting Education aims to reinforce families and increase parenting practices. This study intended to evaluate the efficiency of the delivery of the Parenting Education Program and its effectiveness in attaining its program objectives tailored to address specific needs, organized parent-child activities, and helping parents to access community services and supports. The valuation of this is to assess the impact of the program on the family and child. The study utilized Asset Based Community Development (ABCD), for sustainable community-driven development, and builds on the assets that are already found in the community and mobilizes individuals, associations, and institutions to come together to build on their assets- not concentrate on their needs. The results revealed that the parenting education have a great charge to deliver program which is useful and effective. These pointed out to the conclusion that the program is grounded in research and evaluated with empirical studies best achieve the roles as the extension service of the agency.</span>

Reimagining Global Abortion Politics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Bloomer ◽  
Claire Pierson ◽  
Sylvia Estrada Claudio
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Global North ◽  
Abortion Politics ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South

What are the contemporary issues in abortion politics globally? What factors explain variations in access to abortion between and within different countries? This text provides a transnationally focused, interdisciplinary analysis of trends in abortion politics using case studies from around the global north and south. It considers how societal influences, such as religion, nationalism and culture, impact abortion law and access. It explores the impact of international human rights norms, the increasing displacement of people due to conflict and crisis and the role of activists on law reform and access. The book concludes by considering the future of abortion politics through the more holistic lens of reproductive justice. Utilising a unique interdisciplinary approach, this book provides a major contribution to the knowledge base on abortion politics globally. It provides an accessible, informative and engaging text for academics, policy makers and readers interested in abortion politics.

The determinants of Greek bond yields: an empirical study before and during the crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionisis Chionis ◽  
Ioannis Pragidis ◽  
Panagiotis Schizas
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Bond Yields ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bond Yield ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to uncover the determinants of the ten-year Greek bond yield in both pre- and post-crisis period that caused the unprecedented event, a country member of the Euro area, not to be able to tap the market. In doing so, following the recent literature, the authors employ two major set of variables, market driven and macroeconomic variables and the authors find two classes of results. Among others, debt to GDP ratio, deficit, inflation and unemployment, play a more significant role as determinants of the ten-years Greek bond yield during the crisis and second, the ten-years yield exceeds that fundamentals that price in. Moreover, the authors explicitly test for the impact of speculation on the yield. These results are in line with other empirical studies and shed line to the dramatic evolution of the bond yields in terms of fiscal consolidation era as it is in Greece. Since the Greek debt crisis is ongoing more than five years, policy makers should make substantial changes in their macro projections taking under consideration more the variables of inflation and unemployment, and release a viable concrete plan of debt relief, which among other, secures the success of the macro projections. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical study on Greek debt crisis applying both macroeconomics and market indicators in separated estimations. Findings – Debt to GDP ratio, deficit, inflation and unemployment among others, play a more significant role as determinants of the ten-years Greek bond yield during the crisis than had before and second, during the crisis ten-years yield is above the price that fundamentals would imply. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge it is the first time that the authors study the Greek debt crisis applying fundamental and market factors.

Discovering the underlying dynamics of crowdfunding networks: entrepreneurs’ ties, crowdfunders’ connections and community spin-offs

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-298
Author(s):  
Ciro Troise
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Funding Success ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the underlying dynamics of crowdfunding networks. The study examines the impact of actors’ connections, i.e. entrepreneurs’ ties and connections between crowdfunders, on funding success, i.e. the funding amount collected at the end of crowdfunding campaigns. Furthermore, this research explore the role of communities within crowdfunding platforms. Design/methodology/approach The study leverages the network theory and uses a quantitative methodology based on a regression analysis (ordinary least squares). Data collection was done through Ulule, a leading crowdfunding platform in Europe. Findings The research provides a description of the structure of crowdfunding networks and their communities. The results show that actors’ connections play a key role in affecting the funding success. Both the entrepreneurs’ ties, i.e. the connections of the entrepreneur before the launch of the campaign and the connections between crowdfunders, i.e. the ties established within crowdfunding communities (redundancy and effective size), positively affect the funding amount collected at the end of the campaign. Research limitations/implications This paper has useful implications for several stakeholders such as entrepreneurs, platform managers, communities’ managers, policy makers and authorities. Entrepreneurs should expand and strengthen their ties before the launch of the online call, while managers of platforms/communities should stimulate connections between actors, in particular between crowdfunders within communities, and improve the online spaces of campaigns with new dedicated sections or specific forums. Policy makers and authorities should design specific policies, favor the rise of new types of entrepreneurship (e.g. community spin-off) and support the development of new tools and communities. Originality/value This is one of the first empirical studies that explore the underlying dynamics of crowdfunding networks. Results revealed by the analysis might steer other scholars’ interest towards this research path. The connections between crowdfunders within the communities have been neglected so far. This research proposes an original network approach based on typical network parameters. The study sheds some light on the importance of actors’ connections and adds new knowledge in a recent research stream that is still in its infancy.

International Water Scarcity and Variability

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomi Dinar ◽  
Ariel Dinar
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
International Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Datasets

This book provides an interdisciplinary approach for considering international water management under conditions of increased scarcity and variability (both present and future as a result of climate change). The book applies a theory that is rooted in the disciplines of international relations and economics to the analysis of scarcity, variability, and cooperation over transboundary freshwater. It demonstrates the usefulness of the theory using global datasets of transbounary water bodies (documented treaties, water availability, water variability, water-related events) and in-depth case-studies of specific basins. By doing so, this book provides a framework that allows scholars and policy makers to reflect on various future scenarios and assess the impact of policy interventions on the regional and global level, with implications for conflict and cooperation. Finally, the book also considers strategies and other forms of incentives that help assuage conflict and motivate cooperation despite scarcity and variability.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Saving and Investment: The Case of Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Abdulelah Alrasheedy ◽  
Hamed Alaidarous
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Private Saving ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

It is an attempt to investigate the relationship between saving and investment and the mechanism of the way they influence the economic growth. It is very vital to study such causality to help policy makers setting out appropriate economic policies. It is taking us too long to come up with the results because of the lack of data, and the complexity of how saving and investment defined in case of Saudi economy. The results show that there is a bidirectional granger causality between private saving and private GDP, and unidirectional causality running from private saving to private investment. However, there is an ambiguous relationship missing between investment and economic growth at both aggregate and private levels. Finally, although this study shows the directional of causality between the three considered variables, the study could not catch up the magnitude of the impact of these variables on each other.

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF E-BANKING ON PERFORMANCE OF BANKS IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nur Alam SIDDIK ◽  
Gang SUN ◽  
Sajal KABIRA ◽  
Joghee SHANMUGAN ◽  
Cui YANJUAN
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Least Square ◽  
First Year ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Net Interest Margin ◽  
The Impact

E-banking has become one of the most popular methods of banking that has experienced a considerable expansion during the last few years. However, there is relative dearth of empirical studies examining the impact of e-banking on performance of banks. Though e-banking is gaining acceptance in Bangladesh, impact of e-banking on bank’s performance is yet to be established. This paper fills this gap. Using panel data of 13 banks over the period of 2003–2013, this study empirically investigated the impact of e-banking on the performance of Bangladeshi banks measured in terms of Return on Equity, Return on Assets and Net Interest Margin. Results from pooled ordinary least square analysis show that e-banking begins to contribute positively to banks’ Return on Equity with a time lag of two years while a negative impact was found in first year of adoption. Empirical findings of this study is of greater significance for the developing countries like Bangladesh because it will invoke the attention of the bank management and policy makers to pursue such policies to expand e-banking. This study also contributes to empirical literatures by reconfirming (or otherwise) findings of previous studies.

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