Paradigm 1: Developed Countries Have Eradicated Stigma Related Discrimination

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Stuart ◽  
Julio Arboleda-Flórez ◽  
Norman Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Development ◽  
Inverse Care Law

Chapter 2 discusses Paradigm 1 - that developed countries have eradicated stigma-related discrimination, and covers mental health development, employment inequity, NIMBYism (not in my backyard), homelessness, the inverse care law, media depictions, and public tolerance.

scholarly journals MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AT WORKPLACE: AN OVERVIEW OF LAW AND POLICY IN MALAYSIA AND UNITED KINGDOM (UK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 316-329
Author(s):  
Ruzita Azmi ◽  
Siti Nur Samawati Ahmad ◽  
Bidayatul Akmal Mustafa Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Uk

Surveys showed that workers in Malaysia are at high risk of health problems including mental health problems that stemmed from the rising stress level at work. Despite having employees’ safety, health, and welfare being codified, depression will be a major mental health illness among Malaysian by 2020. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) that caters to legislative framework in terms of securing safety, health, and welfare among Malaysian workforces has no provisions to provide a supportive environment for mental health wellbeing at the workplace as well as support for employees with a mental health problem. Furthermore, OSHA 1994 is self-regulated, causing fewer employers to develop OSH codes of practice and guidelines. This is among the weaknesses of OSHA 1994. This paper aims to examine the existing law and policy in Malaysia on mental health at the workplace. It also aims to compare the policy and legal framework in developed commonwealth countries such as the UK. This paper applies qualitative and comparative methods, consisting of a doctrinal legal research approach to understand the principles of law and policies dealing with mental health. A comparative method is employed in order to compare the policies and legal frameworks of mental health wellbeing in developed countries such as the UK. The comparative approach involves an examination of the similarities and dissimilarities between situations within the same legal system. The paper concludes that in order to support mental health and wellbeing at the workplace, a comprehensive legal framework and effective policy are needed especially for Malaysia. Compared with the UK, Malaysia is still lagged behind and has so much to learn from UK’s experiences to tackle issues on mental health.

scholarly journals Economic burden of silent mental disorders: a case study of agnosia in schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Chattu ◽  
Paula Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
The World

Mental health problems affect society as a whole, and not just a small, isolated segment. In developed countries with well-organized healthcare systems, between 44% and 70% of patients with mental disorders do not receive treatment whereas in developing countries the treatment gap being close to 90%. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting more than 21 million people worldwide. People with schizophrenia are 2-2.5 times more likely to die early than the general population. The case study highlights about agnosia in a schizophrenic patient in a primary care setting and how to address the management at a broader perspective using the appropriate antipsychotic medication and ensuring the support from a family without violating the human rights of the patient. The World Economic Forum estimated that the cumulative global impact of mental disorders in terms of lost economic output will amount to US$ 16 trillion over the next 20 years, equivalent to more than 1% of the global gross domestic product. Mental health should be a concern for all of us, rather than only for those who suffer from a mental disorder. The mental health action plan 2013-2020, endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2013, highlights the steps required to provide appropriate services for people with mental disorders including schizophrenia. A key recommendation of the action plan is to shift services from institutions to the community. Mental health must be considered a focus of renewed investment not just in terms of human development and dignity but also in terms of social and economic development.

scholarly journals What is the impact of socio-economic inequalities on the use of mental health services?

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Amaddeo ◽  
Julia Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Inequalities

AbstractAmartya Sen, who received the Nobel Prize for Economics, has demonstrated that the incidence of deprivation, in terms ofcapability, can be surprisingly high even in the most developed countries of the world. The study of socio-economic inequalities, in relation to the utilisation of health services, is a priority for epidemiological research. Socio-economic status (SES) has no universal definition. Within the international research literature, SES has been related to social class, social position, occupational status, educational attainment, income, wealth and standard of living. Existing research studies have shown that people from a more deprived social background, with a lower SES, are more likely to have a higher psychiatric morbidity. Many studies show that SES influences psychiatric services utilization, however the real factors linking SES and mental health services utilisation remain unclear. In this editorial we discuss what is currently known about the relationship between SES and the use of mental health services. We also make an argument for why we believe there is still much to uncover in this field, to understand fully how individuals are influenced by their personal socio-economic status, or the neighbourhood in which they live, in terms of their use of mental health services. Further research in this area will help clarify what interventions are required to provide greater equality in access to mental health services.

POVERTY, PROSPERITY, AND THE MENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Educational Disadvantage

Although poverty and low socioeconomic status are associated with higher rates and more disabling consequences of various mental disorders in adults, the association between these factors and the occurrence of mental health problems in children is less clear-cut and may vary between different types of community. Since poverty is often the background for a whole cluster of psychosocial phenomena (e.g., broken homes, loose family ties, educational disadvantage, increased rates of delinquency and crime, illegitimate births) it is likely that its effects on child mental health are mediated through those factors rather than through income levels only. While the evidence is not complete, it appears that when poverty or low social status lead to family disorganization and disruption, then there are adverse effects on the mental health and psychosocial development of children. If the relief of poverty facilitates family functioning, the mental health benefits of such measures may be substantial. On the other hand, raising the level of income alone does not automatically have this beneficial effect, and there is ample evidence from many developed countries that increasing affluence does not reduce the extent and frequency of mental health problems. Indeed, children in developed countries have considerable mental health problems in spite of prosperity.

scholarly journals Exploring the Linkage between the Neighborhood Environment and Mental Health in Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingzhi Qiu ◽  
Yuqi Liu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Zhigang Li
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Circular Buffer ◽  
The Impact

The relationship between the neighborhood environment and mental health has been investigated mostly in developed countries. Yet few studies have systematically examined the impact of the neighborhood-level built-environment and social environment on mental health within different localities in the Chinese context. Based on a household survey and geographical data in Guangzhou, China, this study aimed to explore the linkage between the neighborhood environment and mental health, with a particular focus on aspects of the built-environment that are related to new urbanism or compact cities and contextual social capital, using three geographic delineations. Our findings indicated that built-environment indicators based on a road network buffer had a higher explanatory power towards residents’ mental health than did those based on a circular buffer. The analytical models demonstrated that neighborhood floor-area ratio, building density, and per capita green area were positively correlated with mental health. Neighborhood safety and contextual neighborhood interactions and reciprocity had positive associations with mental health. These findings provide policy makers and urban planners with valuable information on the role of the compact city strategy and the neighborhood social environment to improve the mental health of residents.

scholarly journals Training in psychiatry in less developed countries

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 558-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil L. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Developed World

The declared aim of the World Health Organization, based on the Alma Ata declaration (1978), is to promote health care for all by the year 2000. It is recognised that this can be achieved only by the channelling of efforts into the development of primary health care, with medical care greatly augmented by the utilisation of non-medical carers, traditional healers and public health measures. As in more developed countries, where psychiatry struggles to maintain its share of national health resources against the ever increasing demand of technical advances in physical health care, so the mental health services of the less developed countries constantly are in danger of losing out to physical health in the battle against illness and natural disasters. To redress this balance and to meet the needs for mental health by the year 2000, the less developed world needs more psychiatrists (who are currently estimated to relate to the population at a rate of approximately only one per million) and these psychiatrists need to be appropriately trained to meet the challenges. How can the more developed nations help in this training of trainees from the less developed world? Can a partnership be formed between nations that ensures that trainees in psychiatry, in whichever country, are equipped as well as possible for the needs of their home country?

scholarly journals Strategies Employed by Community-Based Service Providers to Address HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Challenges: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821882233
Author(s):  
Renato M. Liboro ◽  
Sean B. Rourke ◽  
Francisco Ibañez-Carrasco ◽  
Andrew Eaton ◽  
Daniel Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and other causes of neurocognitive challenges experienced by people living with HIV (PLWH) persist as public health concerns in developed countries. Consequently, PLWH who experience neurocognitive challenges increasingly require social support and mental health services from community-based providers in the HIV sector. Methods: Thirty-three providers from 22 AIDS service organizations across Ontario, Canada, were interviewed to determine the strategies they used to support PLWH experiencing neurocognitive difficulties. Thematic analysis was conducted to determine key themes from the interview data. Results: Three types of strategies were identified: (a) intrapersonal, (b) interpersonal, and (c) organizational. Intrapersonal strategies involved learning and staying informed about causes of neurocognitive challenges. Interpersonal strategies included providing practical assistance, information, counseling, and/or referrals to PLWH. Organizational strategies included creating dedicated support groups for PLWH experiencing neurocognitive challenges, partnering with other organizations with services not available within their own organization, and advocating for greater access to services with expertise and experience working with PLWH. Conclusion: Through concerted efforts in the future, it is likely that empirically investigating, developing, and customizing these strategies specifically to address HIV-associated neurocognitive challenges will yield improved social support and mental health outcomes for PLWH.

scholarly journals Therapist competence in global mental health: Development of the ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors (ENACT) rating scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon A. Kohrt ◽  
Mark J.D. Jordans ◽  
Sauharda Rai ◽  
Pragya Shrestha ◽  
Nagendra P. Luitel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Therapeutic Factors ◽  
Health Development ◽  
Therapist Competence

Compulsory community mental health care: Oceania

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Community Mental Health Care

Oceania is characterized by the diversity of countries and by highly variable provision of mental health services and community mental health care. Countries such as Australian and New Zealand have well-developed mental health services with a high level of provision, but many less developed countries lack mental health infrastructure. Some developing countries such as Samoa and Tonga have passed mental health legislation with provision for community treatment orders, but this legal measure is probably not a useful mechanism for advancing mental health care in developing countries. Instead, efforts to improve provision of care seem best directed to the primary care sector, and to the general health workforce, rather than to specialists. The UN CRPD offer extensions of human rights to people with mental illness and most countries in Oceania have signed it. However, the absence of a regional rights tribunal potentially limits the realization of those rights.

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