scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Upper Extremity Injuries in Young Adult Men: A Nationwide Registry-Based Study of 128,714 Conscripts

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (3-4) ◽  
pp. e487-e494
Author(s):  
Harri Pihlajamäki ◽  
Arttu Silvennoinen ◽  
Paavo-Ilari Kuikka ◽  
Tiina Luukkaala ◽  
Heikki Kröger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Joint Dislocation ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Abstract Introduction Injuries are the major cause of morbidity and loss of active training days in military populations. Previous investigations have mainly focused on lower extremities. This study evaluated the incidence, diagnosis, and risk factors of upper extremity injuries requiring hospitalization in a large cohort of Finnish conscripts during a 5-year period. Materials and Methods A total of 128,714 male military conscripts, who served 6–12 months in compulsory military service, were studied. Injury hospitalization data were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Register. The main outcome variables were hospitalization due to any injuries to the upper extremity and hospitalization due to traumatic shoulder dislocation. Background variables for risk factor analysis included length of military service, age, body height and weight, body mass index, and physical fitness. Results Overall person-based incidence rate for hospitalization due to upper extremity injury was 743 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 697–791) per 100,000 conscripts per year. Shoulder joint dislocation was the most common injury: incidence rate of 103 (95% CI: 86–122) per 100,000 conscripts per year. Trend during follow-up years 1998–2002 was decreasing concerning on any upper extremity injuries (odd ratios [OR] 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86–0.95, P < 0.001). Body mass index > 25 increased a risk for any injuries of the upper extremity (OR 1.29; CI 95%: 1.10–1.51) and, especially, for shoulder joint dislocation (OR 1.88; CI 95%: 1.26–2.80). Conclusions Overweight young men were at greater risk for upper extremity injuries. The incidence rate of traumatic shoulder joint dislocation was considerably higher than reported previously. In conclusion, preventive measures such as reducing the body weight of overweight young men should play an important role in reducing the incidence of upper extremity injuries.

scholarly journals Military Occupational Disability Risk Surveillance: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Modifiable Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e1977-e1985
Author(s):  
D Alan Nelson ◽  
Matthew C Pflipsen ◽  
Lianne M Kurina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Occupational Disability ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Military Service Members

Abstract Introduction Occupational disability among military service members is an important target for preventive screening. The specific aim of this study was to quantify disability risk levels among soldiers with selected risk factors (body mass index extremes, poor or absent physical fitness scores, and tobacco and opioid use) and combinations thereof, suggesting priorities for preventive actions. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 607,006 active-duty soldiers who served in the U.S. Army during 2011–2014. Official medical and administrative data were combined to produce a person-month-based panel dataset with identifiers removed. The subjects were observed longitudinally for incident disability (termed medical nonreadiness) during 1,305,618 person-years at risk. We employed Weibull parametric survival regression models to determine the adjusted medical nonreadiness hazard for selected variables. We then computed individual adjusted risk scores and the population proportions affected by risk factors and combinations thereof in postregression analyses. The project was approved by the Stanford University’s Institutional Review Board and underwent secondary review by the Human Research Protections Office of the Defense Health Agency. Results During the observed time, 81,571 (13.4%) of subjects were found medically not ready. High or low body mass index, low or missing physical fitness test scores, tobacco use, and the highest levels of opioid use were each associated with increased adjusted hazards of medical nonreadiness. The hazards increased substantially when multiple risk factors were present, albeit while affecting reduced population proportions. Conclusions We identified marked disability hazard increases, especially in association with opioid use and high body mass index. These factors, in addition to tobacco use and low physical fitness, are potential early prevention targets for clinicians who screen military service members.

Obesity in Trauma Patients: Correlations of Body Mass Index with Outcomes, Injury Patterns, and Complications

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Evans ◽  
Stanislaw P. A. Stawicki ◽  
H. Tracy Davido ◽  
Daniel Eiferman
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Level I ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Nonobese Patients

Current understanding of the effects of obesity on trauma patients is incomplete. We hypothesized that among older trauma patients, obese patients differ from nonobese patients in injury patterns, complications, and mortality. Patients older than 45 years old presenting to a Level I trauma center were included in this retrospective database analysis (n = 461). Body mass index (BMI) groups were defined as underweight less than 18.5 kg/m2, normal 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, overweight 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2, or obese greater than 30 kg/m2. Injury patterns, complications, and outcomes were analyzed using univariate analyses, multivariate logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Higher BMI is associated with a higher incidence of torso injury and proximal upper extremity injuries in blunt trauma (n = 410). All other injury patterns and complications (except anemia) were similar between BMI groups. The underweight (BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2) group had significantly lower 90-day survival than other groups ( P < 0.05). BMI is not a predictor of morbidity or mortality in multivariate analysis. Among older blunt trauma patients, increasing BMI is associated with higher rates of torso and proximal upper extremity injuries. Our study suggests that obesity is not an independent risk factor for complications or mortality after trauma in older patients. Conversely, underweight trauma patients had a lower 90-day survival.

The Relation of Body Mass Index to Biochemical Parameters and Profile of Heart Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1673-1677
Author(s):  
Viviana Aursulesei ◽  
Andrei Manta ◽  
Razan Al Namat ◽  
Monica Hugianu ◽  
Angela Maria Moloce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Selection Parameters

The bidirectional relation between body mass index (BMI) and heart failure (HF) is complex and not fully understood. The obesity paradox phenomena is controversial and related to patient selection, parameters used for defining abnormal weight, characteristics of HF. Our study sustain the importance of controlling risk factors, in particular plasma glucose, lipid levels, as well as hypertension in patients with HF and BMI over 25 kg/m2. Also, in contrast to the randomized control studies our results can only partially support data related to obesity paradox phenomena.

scholarly journals Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Scottish South Asian and Caucasian Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4667
Author(s):  
Meizi Wang ◽  
Jianhua Ying ◽  
Ukadike Chris Ugbolue ◽  
Duncan S. Buchan ◽  
Yaodong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Asian Adolescents ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

(1) Background: Scotland has one of the highest rates of obesity in the Western World, it is well established that poor weight profiles, and particularly abdominal obesity, is strongly associated with Type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Whether these associations are apparent in ethnic population groups in Scotland is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between different measures of fatness with clustered cardio metabolic risk factors between Scottish South Asian adolescents and Scottish Caucasian adolescents; (2) Methods: A sample of 208 Caucasian adolescents and 52 South Asian adolescents participated in this study. Stature, waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk were measured; (3) Results: Significant, partial correlations in the South Asian cohort between body mass index (BMI) and individual risk factors were generally moderate. However, correlations between Waist circumference (WC) and individual risk factors were significant and strong. In the Caucasian cohort, a significant yet weak correlation between WC and total cholesterol (TG) was noted although no other associations were evident for either WC or BMI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that both BMI and WC were positively associated with CCR (p < 0.01) in the South Asian group and with the additional adjustment of either WC or BMI, the independent associations with clustered cardio-metabolic risk (CCR) remained significant (p < 0.005); (4) Conclusions: No positive relationships were found between BMI, WC, and CCR in the Caucasian group. Strong and significant associations between measures of fatness and metabolic risk were evident in Scottish South Asian adolescents.

Short-Term Outcomes Following Removal of Infected Hernia Mesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110241
Author(s):  
Christine Tung ◽  
Junko Ozao-Choy ◽  
Dennis Y. Kim ◽  
Christian de Virgilio ◽  
Ashkan Moazzez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mesh Removal ◽  
Mesh Placement ◽  
Infected Mesh

There are limited studies regarding outcomes of replacing an infected mesh with another mesh. We reviewed short-term outcomes following infected mesh removal and whether placement of new mesh is associated with worse outcomes. Patients who underwent hernia repair with infected mesh removal were identified from 2005 to 2018 American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. They were divided into new mesh (Mesh+) or no mesh (Mesh-) groups. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare morbidity between the two groups and to identify associated risk factors. Of 1660 patients, 49.3% received new mesh, with higher morbidity in the Mesh+ (35.9% vs. 30.3%; P = .016), but without higher rates of surgical site infection (SSI) (21.3% vs. 19.7%; P = .465). Mesh+ had higher rates of acute kidney injury (1.3% vs. .4%; P = .028), UTI (3.1% vs. 1.3%, P = .014), ventilator dependence (4.9% vs. 2.4%; P = .006), and longer LOS (8.6 vs. 7 days, P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression showed new mesh placement (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.07-1.85; P = .014), body mass index (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03; P = .022), and smoking (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05-1.95; P = .025) as risk factors independently associated with increased morbidity. New mesh placement at time of infected mesh removal is associated with increased morbidity but not with SSI. Body mass index and smoking history continue to contribute to postoperative morbidity during subsequent operations for complications.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Multi-Morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Factors as Predictors of Severe COVID-19 Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110185
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Nanda ◽  
Audry S. Chacin Suarez ◽  
Loren Toussaint ◽  
Ann Vincent ◽  
Karen M. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Morbidity Score ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate body mass index, multi-morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Score as predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Patients Patients from this study are from a well-characterized patient cohort collected at Mayo Clinic between January 1, 2020 and May 23, 2020; with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis defined as a positive result on reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Measures Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record. The data included: date of birth, gender, ethnicity, race, marital status, medications (active COVID-19 agents), weight and height (from which the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated, history of smoking, and comorbid conditions to calculate the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) multi-morbidity score. An additional COVID-19 Risk Score was also included. Outcomes included hospital admission, ICU admission, and death. Results Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the impact on mortality or hospital admission. Age, sex, and race (white/Latino, white/non-Latino, other, did not disclose) were adjusted for in the model. Patients with higher COVID-19 Risk Scores had a significantly higher likelihood of being at least admitted to the hospital (HR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.30, 2.50; P < .001), or experiencing death or inpatient admission (includes ICU admissions) (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.42; P = .028). Age was the only statistically significant demographic predictor, but obesity was not a significant predictor of any of the outcomes. Conclusion Age and COVID-19 Risk Scores were significant predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Further work should examine the properties of the COVID-19 Risk Factors Scale.

Major post-prostate biopsy complications under antibiotic augmentation prophylaxis protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 205141582098403
Author(s):  
Antônio Antunes Rodrigues ◽  
Valdair Muglia ◽  
Emanuel Veras de Albuquerque ◽  
Rafael Ribeiro Mori ◽  
Rafael Neuppmann Feres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Psa Density ◽  
Biopsy Complications

Objective: To identify risk factors for major post-biopsy complications under augmented prophylaxis protocol. The risk factors already described mainly comprise outdated antibiotic prophylaxis protocols. Material and methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients that underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies, from 2011 to 2016. All patients had received antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of post-biopsy complications. Demographic variables and possible risk factors based on routine clinical assessment were registered. Correlation tests, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for post-biopsy complications. Results: Of the 404 patients that were included, 25 (6.2%) presented 27 post-biopsy complications, distributed as follows: acute urinary retention ( n = 14, 3.5%), infections ( n = 11, 2.7%) and hemorrhage ( n = 2, 0.5%). On univariate analysis, patients who presented complications showed higher body mass index and post-voiding residual volumes. Multivariate analysis identified ethnicity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density as possible risk factors for biopsy complications. The presence of bacterial resistance identified by rectal swabs did not correlate with the incidence of complications and infections. Conclusions: Non-infectious post-biopsy complications were more frequent than infectious ones in this cohort. Higher post-voiding residual volumes and PSA density, that indicates prostate enlargement, were identified as risk factors and interpreted as secondary to bladder outlet obstruction. The higher body mass index and ethnicity were also identified as risk factors and attributed to the heterogeneity of the patients included. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.

scholarly journals Clinical Study of Postoperative Bleeding after Tonsillectomy in 497 Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. e17-e20
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tanaka ◽  
Kenji Ishii ◽  
Kyoko Matsumoto ◽  
Koushirou Miura ◽  
Ayako Kihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
History Of

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 497 patients who underwent tonsillectomy at Kamio Memorial Hospital from September 2015 to August 2018. A total of 35 cases (7.0%) developed postoperative bleeding and three cases (0.6%) needed a second operation under general anesthesia to stop the bleeding. Postoperative bleeding most frequently occurred between 24 hours and 6 days after the operation. The incidence of postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in males and in patients aged 20 to 39 years old. The operation time, body mass index, smoking habit, and history of hypertension were not identified as clinical risk factors for bleeding after tonsillectomy in this study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document