Sociodemographic characteristics and spectrum of Malassezia species in individuals with and without seborrhoeic dermatitis/dandruff: A comparison of residents of the urban and rural populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Honnavar ◽  
Arunaloke Chakrabarti ◽  
Manpreet Dhaliwal ◽  
Sunil Dogra ◽  
Sanjeev Handa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Nasolabial Fold ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
High Association ◽  
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Malassezia Species ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Seborrhoeic dermatitis/dandruff (SD/D) is a common, persistent, relapsing inflammatory condition affecting the areas rich in sebaceous glands. SD/D is widely prevalent in India but Malassezia species implicated are not well studied. To estimate the prevalence and spectrum of Malassezia species causing SD/D and understand the sociodemographic characteristics of SD/D in rural and urban populations, a total of 200 SD/D patients and 100 healthy controls (HC) from both rural and urban backgrounds were enrolled in this study. SD/D severity was clinically graded as mild, moderate, severe, and very severe. The isolates were identified by phenotypic characters and confirmed by ITS2 PCR-RFLP and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA. Severe (59%) and very severe (71%) form of SD/D was higher in the rural population compared to the urban population (P = .004). The isolation rate of Malassezia was significantly higher in overall SD/D patients scalp (82%) compared to HC (67%) (P = .005). From the scalp of SD/D patients, M. globosa (36.2%) was predominantly isolated followed by M. restricta (31.3%), M. furfur (15.7%), a mixture of M. globosa and M. restricta (12%) or M. arunalokei (4.8%). Similarly, M. globosa (49.3%) was predominately isolated from the scalp of HC followed by M. restricta (22.4%). M. restricta was significantly higher in the scalp of SD/D patients compared to HC and/or nasolabial fold of both SD/D patients and HC (P = .0001). Our findings indicate that M. restricta has a high association with SD/D. More severe disease frequency was observed in the rural population. Precis Dandruff is associated with Malassezia restricta and very severe cases are higher in rural population, probably due the poor hygiene. Moderate to severe hair loss and itching were strongly associated with dandruff. Use of soaps to cleanse scalp appears to be better than shampoo in preventing dandruff.

Aging of rural population in Yugoslavia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Jelena Antonovic
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban

Mass migration to urban areas constitutes the basic direct factor of the decline in rural population of Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th century. Due to the characteristic migration patterns by age and sex, they have had a substantial impact on the change in age structure of rural population towards rapid demographic ageing. By inducing decline in fertility and an increase in mortality, the newly formed age structure is increasingly becoming one of the basic factors to further decline in population, or even the major factor to rural depopulation in the majority of regions. The paper analyzes changes in age structure of rural population in the FR of Yugoslavia and across its republics and provinces during the period from 1961 to 1991. The conditions prevailing during the last census (1991) are particularly highlighted. The author points to distinct differences in ageing of urban versus rural populations, and considerable regional differences at the achieved level of demographic age. Based on the main demographic age indicators (the share of five-year and larger age groups, average age, ageing index and movement in major age-specific contingents), the author concludes that the process of population ageing had taken place in both rural and urban populations, but was more intensive in villages (higher share of the aged, higher index of ageing and higher average age) during the period under review. The author points to distinct ageing of rural population in all republics and provinces. It was most prominent in central Serbia and Vojvodina, while being quite slow in Kosovo and Metohia and recorded mainly in between the last two censuses (1981-1991). Likewise, Kosovo and Metohia constitute the only major region of Yugoslavia in which rural population in 1991 is still demographically younger than the population in urban settlements. Rural versus urban population ageing was much more intensive in other major regions of the country, both from the base and from the apex of the age pyramid. In view of the minimal differences in fertility and mortality levels by type of settlement (particularly in central Serbia and Vojvodina), the author argues that the inherited age structure constitutes the main cause of rapid acceleration in rural population ageing in low fertility regions.

MO759COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH CKD ON HEMODIALYSIS IN URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS OF UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimkhon Sharapov ◽  
Botir Daminov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Rural Group

Abstract Background and Aims According to recently published WHO data, kidney disease has been the 10th leading cause of death in the world over the past 20 years. The lethality of dialysis patients with cardiovascular pathology is 3 times higher than that of patients without CVD. This is especially pronounced in developing countries. Uzbekistan is a country with a population of 34 million and has an equal urban and rural population. In this regard, it is of interest to comparatively study the structure of CVD in patients with CKD stage 5D of the rural and urban population of Uzbekistan. Method We examined 165 (90 men and 75 women) patients with CKD stage 5 receiving dialysis in urban and rural areas of Uzbekistan. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on their permanent place of residence and the medical center where they receive hemodialysis. 104 (51 men and 53 women) patients were included in the Urban group and 61 (39 men and 22 women) patients were included in the Rural group. The average age of the urban population was 49.7 ± 1.38 years, the rural population was 45.5 ± 1.83 years. All patients underwent programmed hemodialysis according to the standard scheme for 4 hours 3 times a day (12 hours/week). The average duration of hemodialysis in the Urban group was 37.0 ± 4.77 months (M ± m) and 16.6 ± 2.4 months in the Rural group. The main causes of CKD 5D in both groups were glomerulonephritis (Urban-36.5%, Rural-62%) and type 2 diabetes (Urban-31.7%, Rural-18%). Results CVD comorbidity occurred in 55,8% (n=92) of all 165 examined patients, of which 52 were men and 40 were women. The most common CVDs in all groups were hypertension (51%, n=84), coronary heart disease, presented as angina (28%, n=47), heart failure (14%, n=23) and various types of arrhythmias (5%, n=8). 77% (n=127) of patients had anemia due ESRD. In the group Urban(n=104), 62.5% (n=65) had CVD. The main CVD was Hypertension. It was found in 92% (n=60) of patients with CVD in this group. Less (65%, n=42) were patients with angina. Heart failure was detected in 31% (n=20) of patients. Arrhythmia was diagnosed in only 5% (n=5). A large number of combined CVD have been identified. 69% (n=45) of all patients with CVD had a combined CVDs in different combinations. The most common combination was hypertension + angina (n = 26). It accounted for almost 58% of all combined cases. Only 28% (n=17) of all cases with hypertension had "isolated" hypertension. The main combination with hypertension was hypertension + angina (43%, n=26), 11% (n=11) of patients had hypertension + angina + heart failure, a combination in the form of hypertension + angina + arrhythmia had 3% (n=3) patients. Relatively fewer (n = 27, 44%) CVD were found in the Rural group. The most frequent CVD was also a hypertension. Patients with hypertension made up 89% (n = 24) of all patients with CVD in this group. The second place is occupied by angina, it was found in 18.5% (n=5) cases among patients with CVD. Combined CVS pathologies were less common in the rural group. A total of 8 patients (29.6% of all CVD cases) had several CVDs. Conclusion Сardiovascular diseases in the urban population (62.5%) occur almost one and a half times more often than in the rural population (44%). Combined CVD pathology occupies a leading place in the structure of CVD in patients with CKD 5D, both urban and rural.

scholarly journals The dynamics of population by settlements in the Guba-Khachmaz economic-geographical region

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Tural Bayramov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dynamics Of Population

The article shows and analyzes the population growth dynamics in the Guba-Khachmaz economic-geographical region, the economic region’s urban and rural population. Its share of the population of Azerbaijan for the years 1990-2015 are shown in the tables and also analyzed. The population for rural and urban sectors and the indicators of rate are shown in the map for 2016-2017 years. Also, as a result of the social survey conducted in the region, the living standards of the population as well as the employment rate in the settlements were studied, and ways to mitigate problems were identified.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALNOURISHED CHILD BELOW 5 YEARS OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Jha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Status of nutrition reflects the status of health of a country. Infant and young child feeding practices are multidimensional and age specific. Inappropriate feeding practices and their consequences are major obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. This study was a step to sort out various prevailing feeding practices and awareness status of the family of child in rural and urban areas of Bihar state among the age group of below 5 Years and their outcome. This study was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in PMCH (OPD and Indoor) Patna Bihar. Total number of participants in our study is 180 in the age group 0-5 years which was further divided into 3 groups according to their age each group (0-6, 6-24, and24-60months), had 60 participants. These groups were further equally divided on the basis of location rural and urban; these Subgroups were further divided into 2 equal subgroups according to sex. In this study variety of food given is 63% and 50% in urban and rural population respectively. It is revealed that population getting variety of food has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. This study has revealed that population getting nearly proper consistency and calories are only 53% and 41% in urban and rural areas respectively. Population getting nearly proper consistency and calories has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. Prevalent mode of feeding in children below 6 months in non exclusive BREAST feeding is bottle feeding in rural and urban areas. 42% and 50% of urban and rural population BOTTLE feed their children above 6 months respectively bottle feeding significantly affect the outcome i.e. the poor nutritional status as compared to the KATORI spoon feeding. Keywords: Healthy food, varieties of nutritional food intake, Breast feeding practices.

scholarly journals The Role of Combination Calcipotriol plus Betamethasone Dipropionate Gel in the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Scalp Seborrhoeic Dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Felix B. Yap
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Betamethasone Dipropionate ◽  
Physician Global Assessment ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Global Assessment Scale ◽  
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Label Use

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the off-label use of a combination calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate (CBD) gel in the treatment of moderate-to-severe scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis (SSD). Methods: This retrospective study involved 32 patients with SSD who were prescribed CBD gel at the Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Selangor, Malaysia, between January 2016 and December 2017. The Physician Global Assessment Scale was used to assess disease severity. Itching/discomfort was evaluated using a visual analogue scale. Results: The mean age was 35.8 ± 6.9 years. Severe disease was seen in 53.1%. Complete clearance was recorded in 15.6%, 40.6% and 59.4% of patients at weeks two, six and 10, respectively. By week 10, 87.5% had achieved marked improvement. Both mean itching and discomfort scores significantly improved at weeks two, six and 10 (P <0.001). Better outcomes were significantly associated with disease duration and itching intensity and discomfort at presentation (P <0.050). Conclusion: CBD gel should be considered as an option for SSD cases not adequately controlled by prior conventional treatment.Keywords: Seborrheic Dermatitis; Scalp Dermatosis; Betamethasone Dipropionate, Calcipotriol Drug Combination; Off-Label Use; Treatment Effectiveness.

Is China Abolishing the Hukou System?

2008 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 582-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam Wing Chan ◽  
Will Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Hukou System ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Permanent Migration

AbstractIn recent years, China has instituted a variety of reforms to its hukou system, an institution with the power to restrict population mobility and access to state-sponsored benefits for the majority of China's rural population. A wave of newspaper stories published in late 2005 understood the latest round of reform initiatives to suggest that the hukou is set to be abolished, and that rural residents will soon be “granted urban rights.” This article clarifies the basic operations of the hukou system in light of recent reforms to examine the validity of these claims. We point out that confusion over the functional operations of the hukou system and the nuances of the hukou lexicon have contributed to the overstated interpretation of the initiative. The cumulative effect of these reforms is not abolition of the hukou, but devolution of responsibility for hukou policies to local governments, which in many cases actually makes permanent migration of peasants to cities harder than before. At the broader level, the hukou system, as a major divide between the rural and urban population, remains potent and intact.

scholarly journals Social aspects of mortality from chronic viral hepatitides in rural and urban populations of the Altai territory

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
I. P Saldan ◽  
A. P Pashkov
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Sources Of Infection

In the rural population, died people were revealed more often to be of working age, the diagnosis to them statistically significantly more often was established after the death by the doctor, just has attested the death, and by the doctor-pathologist. By comparing the results obtained with the incidence rate, we came to the conclusion that in the rural population there is decreased the quality of diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitides, that leads to the upsurge of the hidden sources of infection.

scholarly journals First Report of Gray Mold Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Greenhouse-Grown Zucchini in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cheon ◽  
Y. H. Jeon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Diseased Fruit

In the winter of 2011, greenhouse-grown zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) in Andong City, Korea, showed severe disease symptoms on fruits and dying leaves of zucchini plants that resembled gray mold disease with about 20% yield loss. Symptoms included extensive growth of mycelia and gray conidia on stem and fruit lesions. Lesions expanded rapidly under cool, humid conditions. As the disease progressed, leaves, stems, and fruits became necrotic and were covered by an abundant, soft, gray, sporulating mycelium. Diseased fruit tissue was excised and surface sterilized by immersion in 2% NaOCl for 1 min, placed on PDA (potato dextrose agar), and incubated at 22°C. Fungal colonies were initially white and became gray to brown after 72 h. Analysis of light micrographs showed the presence of elliptical conidia on PDA that was 7.5 to 16.0 μm long and 5 to 10.5 μm wide. In culture, a few, black, small and large irregular sclerotia were produced. Microsclerotia were round, spherical or irregular in shape, and ranged from 1.0 to 3.3 and 1.2 to 3.4 mm (width and length). Conidiophores were slender and branched with enlarged apical cells bearing smooth, ash-colored conidia. These morphological characteristics identified the fungus as Botrytis cinerea (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS1 (forward) and ITS4 (reverse) primer set (ITS1: 5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′, ITS4: 5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) and sequenced (2). BLAST analysis of the PCR product showed that the sequence had 100% identity with the nucleotide sequences for B. cinerea. Pathogenicity tests were performed by placing mycelium fragments (1 cm2) of PDA cultures on zucchini fruits. Controls were treated with PDA alone. Five replicates for the inoculated and control plants were used. All fruits were covered with plastic bags and incubated in a growth chamber to maintain 90 to 100% relative humidity at 22°C. Typical symptoms appeared 2 to 6 days after inoculation. The inoculated plants developed typical gray mold symptoms with gray sporulating lesions, while controls remained healthy with no lesions. B. cinerea reisolated from the inoculated tissues was morphologically identical to the original isolates. In a cold outside (below 0°C), wet greenhouse, plants are likely to be exposed to resident Botrytis populations and if the gray mold disease occurs, it can spread on zucchini plants very fast, in 2 days to a week inside a 100 m2 greenhouse. Therefore, gray mold disease could have a significant impact on greenhouse production of zucchini. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea causing gray mold of greenhouse-grown zucchini in Korea. References: (1) H. L. Barnett and B. B. Hunter. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, MN, 1972. (2) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1990.

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