MO759COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH CKD ON HEMODIALYSIS IN URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS OF UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimkhon Sharapov ◽  
Botir Daminov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Rural Group

Abstract Background and Aims According to recently published WHO data, kidney disease has been the 10th leading cause of death in the world over the past 20 years. The lethality of dialysis patients with cardiovascular pathology is 3 times higher than that of patients without CVD. This is especially pronounced in developing countries. Uzbekistan is a country with a population of 34 million and has an equal urban and rural population. In this regard, it is of interest to comparatively study the structure of CVD in patients with CKD stage 5D of the rural and urban population of Uzbekistan. Method We examined 165 (90 men and 75 women) patients with CKD stage 5 receiving dialysis in urban and rural areas of Uzbekistan. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on their permanent place of residence and the medical center where they receive hemodialysis. 104 (51 men and 53 women) patients were included in the Urban group and 61 (39 men and 22 women) patients were included in the Rural group. The average age of the urban population was 49.7 ± 1.38 years, the rural population was 45.5 ± 1.83 years. All patients underwent programmed hemodialysis according to the standard scheme for 4 hours 3 times a day (12 hours/week). The average duration of hemodialysis in the Urban group was 37.0 ± 4.77 months (M ± m) and 16.6 ± 2.4 months in the Rural group. The main causes of CKD 5D in both groups were glomerulonephritis (Urban-36.5%, Rural-62%) and type 2 diabetes (Urban-31.7%, Rural-18%). Results CVD comorbidity occurred in 55,8% (n=92) of all 165 examined patients, of which 52 were men and 40 were women. The most common CVDs in all groups were hypertension (51%, n=84), coronary heart disease, presented as angina (28%, n=47), heart failure (14%, n=23) and various types of arrhythmias (5%, n=8). 77% (n=127) of patients had anemia due ESRD. In the group Urban(n=104), 62.5% (n=65) had CVD. The main CVD was Hypertension. It was found in 92% (n=60) of patients with CVD in this group. Less (65%, n=42) were patients with angina. Heart failure was detected in 31% (n=20) of patients. Arrhythmia was diagnosed in only 5% (n=5). A large number of combined CVD have been identified. 69% (n=45) of all patients with CVD had a combined CVDs in different combinations. The most common combination was hypertension + angina (n = 26). It accounted for almost 58% of all combined cases. Only 28% (n=17) of all cases with hypertension had "isolated" hypertension. The main combination with hypertension was hypertension + angina (43%, n=26), 11% (n=11) of patients had hypertension + angina + heart failure, a combination in the form of hypertension + angina + arrhythmia had 3% (n=3) patients. Relatively fewer (n = 27, 44%) CVD were found in the Rural group. The most frequent CVD was also a hypertension. Patients with hypertension made up 89% (n = 24) of all patients with CVD in this group. The second place is occupied by angina, it was found in 18.5% (n=5) cases among patients with CVD. Combined CVS pathologies were less common in the rural group. A total of 8 patients (29.6% of all CVD cases) had several CVDs. Conclusion Сardiovascular diseases in the urban population (62.5%) occur almost one and a half times more often than in the rural population (44%). Combined CVD pathology occupies a leading place in the structure of CVD in patients with CKD 5D, both urban and rural.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Government Policies in Controlling COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 002073142098374
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Pandey ◽  
Nitin Kishore Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Population Number

The purpose of this study is to find the demographic factors associated with the spread of COVID-19 and to suggest a measure for identifying the effectiveness of government policies in controlling COVID-19. The study hypothesizes that the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients depends on the urban population, rural population, number of persons older than 50, population density, and poverty rate. A log-linear model is used to test the stated hypothesis, with the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients up to period [Formula: see text] as a dependent variable and demographic factors as an independent variable. The policy effectiveness indicator is calculated by taking the difference of the COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state based on the predicted model and the actual COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state[Formula: see text]Our study finds that the urban population significantly impacts the spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, demographic factors such as rural population, density, and age structure do not impact the spread of COVID-19 significantly. Thus, people residing in urban areas face a significant threat of COVID-19 as compared to people in rural areas.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALNOURISHED CHILD BELOW 5 YEARS OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Jha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Status of nutrition reflects the status of health of a country. Infant and young child feeding practices are multidimensional and age specific. Inappropriate feeding practices and their consequences are major obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. This study was a step to sort out various prevailing feeding practices and awareness status of the family of child in rural and urban areas of Bihar state among the age group of below 5 Years and their outcome. This study was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in PMCH (OPD and Indoor) Patna Bihar. Total number of participants in our study is 180 in the age group 0-5 years which was further divided into 3 groups according to their age each group (0-6, 6-24, and24-60months), had 60 participants. These groups were further equally divided on the basis of location rural and urban; these Subgroups were further divided into 2 equal subgroups according to sex. In this study variety of food given is 63% and 50% in urban and rural population respectively. It is revealed that population getting variety of food has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. This study has revealed that population getting nearly proper consistency and calories are only 53% and 41% in urban and rural areas respectively. Population getting nearly proper consistency and calories has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. Prevalent mode of feeding in children below 6 months in non exclusive BREAST feeding is bottle feeding in rural and urban areas. 42% and 50% of urban and rural population BOTTLE feed their children above 6 months respectively bottle feeding significantly affect the outcome i.e. the poor nutritional status as compared to the KATORI spoon feeding. Keywords: Healthy food, varieties of nutritional food intake, Breast feeding practices.

Abstract 13706: Differences in the Distribution of Systolic Blood Pressure by Rural and Urban Residence

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittain Heindl ◽  
George Howard ◽  
Elizabeth A Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: The incidence of stroke is higher in rural areas. Hypertension is the leading risk factor for stroke, but the difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) for those living in rural and urban areas is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that rural residence is associated with higher SBP levels, and this difference is modified by race, sex, and United States (US) division. Methods: We analyzed 26,113 participants enrolled in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study, recruited between 2003 and 2007. Participants were grouped based on the Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) scheme into urban, large-rural, and small-isolated rural groups. Resting SBP was measured during the initial home visit. Differences in percentiles of SBP distribution were compared using multivariate models with adjustment for age, race, sex, and US Census Bureau division. Results: Of the participants, 20,976 (80.3%) were classified as urban, 3,020 (11.6%) as large-rural, and 2,137 (8.2%) as small-isolated rural, reflecting the distribution of the population. The large-rural group had a 0.09 mmHg higher mean SBP compared to the urban group (95% CI, 0.33 to 1.52 mmHg, p = 0.0023), but the difference in SBP at the 95th percentile between these groups was 3.23 mmHg (95% CI, 1.43 to 4.73 mmHg, p = 0.0006). A similar difference was present between the small-isolated rural and urban groups at the highest percentiles. No urban-rural interaction was observed by race, sex, or US division. However, large SBP differences were present between US divisions, especially at the highest percentiles. To illustrate, SBP at the 95th percentile was 9.51 mmHg higher in the East North Central division than in the Pacific (95% CI, 6.41 to 12.61 mmHg, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Residence in a rural area is associated with higher SBP, with larger differences at the highest percentiles of distribution. SBP differences are present between US divisions, independent of urban-rural status.

Prevalence, Sex and Age Peculiarities of Chronic Heart Failure among Rural and Urban Population of the North-Ossetia-Alania

10.12737/7266 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Дедегкаева ◽  
T. Dedegkaeva ◽  
Астахова ◽  
Z. Astakhova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The North ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
North Ossetia

Chronic heart failure is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. It is known that the Russian epidemiological studies on the chronic heart failure are significantly different from the overseas, but at the same time it revealed differences between individual regions of the Russian Federation. A set of material was held on the basis of six medical institutions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, selected as a result of the randomization. 688 families, including 1600 respondents aged from18 to 100 years of rural and urban population of North Ossetia-Alania, were examined. The diagnosis of chronic heart failure was verified on the basis of a standardized assessment of clinical symptoms used in the study of EPOCH- CHF. The prevalence of heart failure among the rural population of the North Ossetia-Alania was slightly higher and reached 14.4% , and 13.9 % in urban areas. Among both rural and urban popula-tion of the North Ossetia-Alania the prevalence of heart failure was high, more than a few times higher than international epidemiological studies and higher than epidemiological research data of EPOCH - CHF. Severe сhronic heart failure reached 3.8% in rural and 3.9 % in urban population of the entire representative sample. The prevalence of сhronic heart failure was 1.3 times higher in women than in men. Among younger age groups, the prevalence of heart failure was higher in men than in women.

Is China Abolishing the Hukou System?

2008 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 582-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam Wing Chan ◽  
Will Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Hukou System ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Permanent Migration

AbstractIn recent years, China has instituted a variety of reforms to its hukou system, an institution with the power to restrict population mobility and access to state-sponsored benefits for the majority of China's rural population. A wave of newspaper stories published in late 2005 understood the latest round of reform initiatives to suggest that the hukou is set to be abolished, and that rural residents will soon be “granted urban rights.” This article clarifies the basic operations of the hukou system in light of recent reforms to examine the validity of these claims. We point out that confusion over the functional operations of the hukou system and the nuances of the hukou lexicon have contributed to the overstated interpretation of the initiative. The cumulative effect of these reforms is not abolition of the hukou, but devolution of responsibility for hukou policies to local governments, which in many cases actually makes permanent migration of peasants to cities harder than before. At the broader level, the hukou system, as a major divide between the rural and urban population, remains potent and intact.

scholarly journals Reasons for Migration Reverse in Estonia

2005 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Mare Ainsaar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
The Past

During the past 30 years migration trends in most European countries have revealed some signs of deconcentration. The aim of this paper is to analyse the reasons of such deconcentration. For that purpose we will give an overview of literature on reasons of migration turnaround and provide a deeper case analysis of one country - Estonia. In Estonia internal migration ? rst turned in favour of rural areas in 1983. The trends of deconcentration continued and rural population increased at the expense of urban population at least until the end of the 1990s. The Retrospective Estonian Living Conditions Survey of 1999 is used to analyze the possible changes in reasons for migration turnaround. That survey provides a unique opportunity for comparing reasons of migration during periods of concentration and deconcentration. In the empirical part of this paper deconcentration will be de? ned as an out? ow of population from administrative town borders into rural areas. We will not distinguish between particular types of deconcentration for practical reasons of data limitation. We are particularly interested in migration because migration seems to be the most important factor contributing to quick population changes.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Government Policies in Controlling COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHUTOSH PANDEY ◽  
Nitin Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The People

<p>The purpose of this study is to find the demographic factors which are responsible for the spread of COVID-19 and to suggest a measure to identify the effectiveness of government policies in controlling COVID-19. The study hypothesises that the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients depends on the urban population, rural population, number of persons aged more than fifty, the population density and poverty rate in the state. A log-linear model is used to test the stated hypothesis, with the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients up to period as a dependent variable and demographic factors as an independent variable. The regression result shows that out of the selected variables, only the urban population significantly impacts the total number of patients tested positive for COVID-19. Our study finds that the urban population significantly impacts the spread of COVID-19. On the other had the demographic factors like rural population, density, and age structure do not impact the spread of COVID-19 significantly. Thus the people residing in the urban areas face a more significant threat of COVID-19 as compared to the people in rural areas. The study identifies the Indian states which need greater effectiveness in the implementation of pandemic control policies. Our study finds that the urban population significantly impacts the spread of COVID-19. On the other had the demographic factors like rural population, density, and age structure do not impact the spread of COVID-19 significantly. Thus the people residing in the urban areas face a more significant threat of COVID-19 as compared to the people in rural areas. The study identifies the Indian states which need greater effectiveness in the implementation of pandemic control policies.</p>

Fibrinogen concentration and its role in CVD risk in black South Africans – effect of urbanisation

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (09) ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moniek Maat ◽  
Johann Jerling ◽  
Tiny Hoekstra ◽  
Annamarie Kruger ◽  
Marlien Pieters
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
Rural Group

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate correlates of fibrinogen concentration in black South Africans, as well as its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and whether urbanisation influences this association. A total of 1,006 rural and 1,004 urban black South Africans from the PURE study were cross-sectionally analysed. The association of fibrinogen with CVD risk was determined by investigating the association of fibrinogen with other CVD risk markers as well as with predicted CVD risk using the Reynolds Risk score. The rural group had a significantly higher fibrinogen concentration than the urban group, despite higher levels of risk factors and increased predicted CVD risk in the urban group. Increased levels of CVD risk factors were, however, still associated with increased fibrinogen concentration. Fibrinogen correlated significantly, but weakly, with overall predicted CVD risk. This correlation was stronger in the urban than in the rural group. Multiple regression analysis showed that a smaller percentage of the variance in fibrinogen is explained by the traditional CVD risk factors in the rural than in the urban group. In conclusion, fibrinogen is weakly associated with CVD risk (predicted overall risk as well with individual risk factors) in black South Africans, and is related to the degree of urbanisation. Increased fibrinogen concentration, in black South Africans, especially in rural areas, is largely unexplained, and likely not strongly correlated with traditional CVD-related lifestyle and pathophysiological processes. This does, however, not exclude the possibility that once increased, the fibrinogen concentration contributes to future development of CVD.

COMPARATIVE ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPINAL COLUMN IN CHILDREN 8-12 YEARS OLD IN THE CITY OF URGENCH AND SHAVAT TOWN OF KHOREZM REGIONAnthropometric studies of the spinal column in children

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (3) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Dilshod Navruzov ◽  
◽  
Rashid Ruzibaev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
The City

The article examines and analyzes the comparative anthropometric indicators of various parts of the spinal column, 329 boys and girls aged 8 to 12 years, living in rural and urban conditions ofthe Khorezm region. Anthropometric studies of the spinal column were carried out. The age-related features of the absolute sizes of various parts of the spine are analyzed. When analyzing the anthropometric parameters of the spinal column of 8-12-year-old boys of the rural population, slight lengthening of the spinal column was revealed in girls of the urban population.

scholarly journals VARIETY OF DRUGS SOLD WITHOUT PRESCRIPTION FOR COMMONLY PRESENTING COMPLAINTS IN RURAL AND URBAN PHARMACIES OF FAISALABAD DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamza Rana ◽  
Muhammad Husnain ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Iqbal ◽  
Noor-i-Kiran Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Pharmacies play an important role in provision of health care to the community.The objective of the study was to explore the reasons for a variety of drugs sold without prescription for commonly presenting complaints in Rural and Urban Pharmacies of Faisalabad District. METHODOLOGY: This explanatory sequential mixed method design involved workers from twenty-five pharmacies from urban and rural areas of Faisalabad from February to July 2020. After obtaining informed consent, fifty pharmacy workers filled a pre-designed questionnaire (followed by twenty-five semi-structured, individual, face-to-face interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed via SPSS software and transcribed interviews were organized manually for data analysis. RESULTS: Response rate was 76.2%. As reported by the pharmacists,40% and 90% of urban and rural population respectively came to pharmacies for over-the-counter drugs. Fifty percent belonged to middle class among urban and 70% belonged to rural population. Data analysis led to formation of 36 codes, 6 subthemes and 3 themes. Out of the four reasons quoted by the pharmacists (time constraints, lack of basic facility locally, financial constraints, and myths/fear of going to doctor), there was a statistically significant difference for rural population going directly to pharmacies because of financial constraints. CONCLUSION: Lack of education and financial constraints are the leading influential factors for people taking over-the-counter drugs in both rural and urban population, with time constraints being at the top list among urban population. Robust policies and public health care programs can lead to public awareness at large and can help in creating an environment of health care provision with MINIMAL RISKS.

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