scholarly journals Molecular Signatures of Placentation and Secretion Uncovered in Poeciliopsis Maternal Follicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2679-2690
Author(s):  
Michael W Guernsey ◽  
Henri van Kruistum ◽  
David N Reznick ◽  
Bart J A Pollux ◽  
Julie C Baker
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Maternal Provisioning ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

Abstract Placentation evolved many times independently in vertebrates. Although the core functions of all placentas are similar, we know less about how this similarity extends to the molecular level. Here, we study Poeciliopsis, a unique genus of live-bearing fish that have independently evolved complex placental structures at least three times. The maternal follicle is a key component of these structures. It envelops yolk-rich eggs and is morphologically simple in lecithotrophic species but has elaborate villous structures in matrotrophic species. Through sequencing, the follicle transcriptome of a matrotrophic, Poeciliopsis retropinna, and lecithotrophic, P. turrubarensis, species we found genes known to be critical for placenta function expressed in both species despite their difference in complexity. Additionally, when we compare the transcriptome of different river populations of P. retropinna, known to vary in maternal provisioning, we find differential expression of secretory genes expressed specifically in the top layer of villi cells in the maternal follicle. This provides some of the first evidence that the placental structures of Poeciliopsis function using a secretory mechanism rather than direct contact with maternal circulation. Finally, when we look at the expression of placenta proteins at the maternal–fetal interface of a larger sampling of Poeciliopsis species, we find expression of key maternal and fetal placenta proteins in their cognate tissue types of all species, but follicle expression of prolactin is restricted to only matrotrophic species. Taken together, we suggest that all Poeciliopsis follicles are poised for placenta function but require expression of key genes to form secretory villi.

scholarly journals The structure of ORC–Cdc6 on an origin DNA reveals the mechanism of ORC activation by the replication initiator Cdc6

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Feng ◽  
Yasunori Noguchi ◽  
Marta Barbon ◽  
Bruce Stillman ◽  
Christian Speck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Origin Recognition Complex ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Dna Recognition ◽  
Winged Helix ◽  
Replicative Helicase ◽  
The Core ◽  
Α Helix ◽  
Replication Initiator ◽  
Winged Helix Domain

AbstractThe Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) binds to sites in chromosomes to specify the location of origins of DNA replication. The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. It has been unclear at the molecular level how Cdc6 activates ORC, converting it to an active recruiter of the Mcm2-7 hexamer, the core of the replicative helicase. Here we report the cryo-EM structure at 3.3 Å resolution of the yeast ORC–Cdc6 bound to an 85-bp ARS1 origin DNA. The structure reveals that Cdc6 contributes to origin DNA recognition via its winged helix domain (WHD) and its initiator-specific motif. Cdc6 binding rearranges a short α-helix in the Orc1 AAA+ domain and the Orc2 WHD, leading to the activation of the Cdc6 ATPase and the formation of the three sites for the recruitment of Mcm2-7, none of which are present in ORC alone. The results illuminate the molecular mechanism of a critical biochemical step in the licensing of eukaryotic replication origins.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF MARS FOR DIRECT CONTACT CONDENSATION IN THE CORE MAKE-UP TANK

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Keun Tae Park ◽  
Ik Kyu Park ◽  
Seung Wook Lee ◽  
Hyun Sik Park
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
The Core ◽  
Contact Condensation

scholarly journals Identification of Key Genes Associated With the Process of Hepatitis B Inflammation and Cancer Transformation by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Zhang ◽  
Xinkui Liu ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Shan Lu ◽  
Chao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Key Genes

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the main cause of cancer death worldwide. More than half of hepatocellular carcinoma developed from hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). The purpose of this study is to find the key genes in the transformation process of liver inflammation and cancer and to inhibit the development of chronic inflammation and the transformation from disease to cancer.MethodsTwo groups of GEO data (including normal/HBV and HBV/HBV-HCC) were selected for differential expression analysis. The differential expression genes of HBV-HCC in TCGA were verified to coincide with the above genes to obtain overlapping genes. Then, functional enrichment analysis, modular analysis, and survival analysis were carried out on the key genes.ResultsWe identified nine central genes (CDK1, MAD2L1, CCNA2, PTTG1, NEK2) that may be closely related to the transformation of hepatitis B. The survival and prognosis gene markers composed of PTTG1, MAD2L1, RRM2, TPX2, CDK1, NEK2, DEPDC1, and ZWINT were constructed, which performed well in predicting the overall survival rate.ConclusionThe findings of this study have certain guiding significance for further research on the transformation of hepatitis B inflammatory cancer, inhibition of chronic inflammation, and molecular targeted therapy of cancer.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae x Saccharomyces kudriavzevii hybrids during low temperature winemaking

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Tronchoni ◽  
Estéfani García-Ríos ◽  
Jose Manuel Guillamón ◽  
Amparo Querol ◽  
Roberto Pérez-Torrado
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Saccharomyces Kudriavzevii ◽  
Isolated Species

Background: Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most frequently isolated species in wine fermentation, and the most studied species, other species and interspecific hybrids have greatly attracted the interest of researchers in this field in the last few years, given their potential to solve new winemaking industry challenges. S. cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii hybrids exhibit good fermentative capabilities at low temperatures, and produce wines with smaller alcohol quantities and larger glycerol quantities, which can be very useful to solve challenges in the winemaking industry such as the necessity to enhance the aroma profile. Methods: In this study, we performed a transcriptomic study of S. cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii hybrids in low temperature winemaking conditions. Results: The results revealed that the hybrids have acquired both fermentative abilities and cold adaptation abilities, attributed to S. cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii parental species, respectively, showcasing their industrially relevant characteristics. For several key genes, we also studied the contribution to gene expression of each of the alleles of S. cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii in the S. cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii hybrids. From the results, it is not clear how important the differential expression of the specific parental alleles is to the phenotype of the hybrids. Conclusions: This study shows that the fermentative abilities of S. cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii hybrids at low temperatures do not seem to result from differential expression of specific parental alleles of the key genes involved in this phentoype.

scholarly journals An Investigation on the Effect of Solvent and Heat to Clay Minerals in Shaly Sandstone

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Wan Zairani Wan Bakar ◽  
Ismail Mohd Saaid ◽  
Mohd Riduan Ahmad ◽  
Husna Hayati Jarni ◽  
Siti Qurratu’ Aini Mahat
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Shaly Sand ◽  
Shaly Sandstone ◽  
Scanning Electron

Core cleaning could be complicated for samples that contain a high amount of clays. Some clays are delicate and exposure to solvent and heat would damage or alter its properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of direct exposure of solvent and heat to clay mineral properties based on petrographical data from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Experiments were performed on sidewall core samples taken in a shaly sand zone. The FTIR data did not show any changes at the molecular level to the clay mineral after direct contact with the selected solvent. The FESEM images showed some illite floccules collapse in the samples exposed to oven-drying at 60 °C.

Hydrodynamics of the steam-water two-phase flows behind a pair of bluff cylinderical bodies inside and around the wake region

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622097167
Author(s):  
Afrasyab Khan ◽  
Khairuddin Sanaullah ◽  
Shahzad Maqsood Khan ◽  
Andrew Ragai Henry Rigit ◽  
Atta Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Normal Stresses ◽  
Wake Region ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Two Phase Flows ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
The Core ◽  
Contact Condensation

A significant number of natural and industrial phenomena exist, where steam-water, two-phase flows face resistance due to the cylindrical shaped bodies. It is useful to explore such flows for their direct relevance to the steam driven industrial processes having Direct Contact Condensation (DCC) as the core phenomena for heat, mass, and momentum transfer. An experimental setup has been fabricated to study the influence of twin, different sized cylinders with a gap between them on the formation of wake region as the steam-water flow past the cylinders. Hot and cold wire sensors were used to measure the fluctuations in the velocity and temperature respectively of the flow within the wake and the region surrounding wake. The diameter of the smaller cylinder was fixed as 0.5 cm and the dimensions of the larger cylinder was varied from 1, 1.5 and 2.0 cm. Values for the fluctuating velocity were measure for all the cases and based on these measurements, the turbulent normal stresses and Reynolds shear stresses were determined. The asymmetry of the wake region increases by raising the gap between the two cylinders as the wake region aligned to the smaller cylinder has been deflected larger than the wake aligned to the larger cylinder. The wake asymmetry signified the possible effect of buoyancy on the thermal and momentum diffusivities, which was emphasized here through the measured values of turbulent normal and Reynolds stresses.

scholarly journals Structural and Computational Characterization of Disease-Related Mutations Involved in Protein-Protein Interfaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dàmaris Navío ◽  
Mireia Rosell ◽  
Josu Aguirre ◽  
Xavier de la Cruz ◽  
Juan Fernández-Recio
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Binding Free Energy ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Protein Interfaces

One of the known potential effects of disease-causing amino acid substitutions in proteins is to modulate protein-protein interactions (PPIs). To interpret such variants at the molecular level and to obtain useful information for prediction purposes, it is important to determine whether they are located at protein-protein interfaces, which are composed of two main regions, core and rim, with different evolutionary conservation and physicochemical properties. Here we have performed a structural, energetics and computational analysis of interactions between proteins hosting mutations related to diseases detected in newborn screening. Interface residues were classified as core or rim, showing that the core residues contribute the most to the binding free energy of the PPI. Disease-causing variants are more likely to occur at the interface core region rather than at the interface rim (p < 0.0001). In contrast, neutral variants are more often found at the interface rim or at the non-interacting surface rather than at the interface core region. We also found that arginine, tryptophan, and tyrosine are over-represented among mutated residues leading to disease. These results can enhance our understanding of disease at molecular level and thus contribute towards personalized medicine by helping clinicians to provide adequate diagnosis and treatments.

Differential expression of an ensemble of the key genes involved in cell-cycle regulation in lung cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Krasnov ◽  
G. A. Puzanov ◽  
A. V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
A. A. Dmitriev ◽  
A. D. Beniaminov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulation ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Cycle Regulation

scholarly journals Variable promoter methylation contributes to differential expression of key genes in human placenta-derived venous and arterial endothelial cells

BMC Genomics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihoon E Joo ◽  
Ursula Hiden ◽  
Luciana Lassance ◽  
Lavinia Gordon ◽  
David J Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Arterial Endothelial Cells

scholarly journals Iron transportation across the placenta

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. de Oliveira ◽  
Marcio N. Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Angélica Miglino
Keyword(s):  
Outer Surface ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

According to the classification of placental types among animals, the transfer of iron through the placenta can occur via: absorption connected to transferin through the outer surface of the trophoblast in direct contact with circulating maternal blood; absorption of the erythrocytes by the chorionic epithelium in direct contact with accumulation of blood extravased from haemotophagous areas; absorption by the chorionic epithelium in direct contact with iron enriched secretions from the endometrial glands and absorption by extravasations of the blood in the maternal-fetal surface and the subsequent phagocytosis of the erythrocytes by trophoblast cells described in bovine, small ruminants, canine and feline. The function of erythrophagocytosis observed after the extravasation of blood in the maternal-fetal interface is undefined in several species. Possibly, the iron is transferred to the fetus through the trophoblastic erythrophagocytosis in the hemophogous area of the placenta and also in the endometrial glands. In this literature survey, new methods of studies regarding placental transfer involving iron and other nutrients necessary for survival and maintenance of embryonic fetus to birth are proposed.

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