P0855ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN A COMPREHENSIVE PANEL OF BIOMARKERS WITH ESA HYPORESPONSIVENESS: ROLE OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CKD ANEMIA

Abstract Background and Aims An inadequate response to the treatment of anemia with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in patients with chronic kidney disease is a challenging and common clinical condition previously associated with signs of inflammation and episodic clinical events. The associations between different immune response pathways and ESA hyporesponsiveness remain poorly understood. Here we describe the associations between a comprehensive panel of inflammatory biomarkers and ESA resistance in a group of stable HD patients. Method This is post-hoc analysis of the baseline evaluation of patients enrolled in the HDFIT, a randomized controlled trial. A panel comprising a more general (CRP), innate (IL-1β and IL-6), adaptive (IFNγ, IFNα2) biomarkers of immune response, and also a specific vascular inflammation (MCP-1) biomarkers were simultaneously measured with the same serum sample through turbidimetry and Milliplexï£¨ Human Cytokine Magnetic Bead Panel - EMD Milipore Corporation, USA. Multivariable analysis was used to assess the association of their concentrations with the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI), defined as the weekly ESA dose divided by hemoglobin level. Results A total of 155 patients were included in this analysis (mean age 52 ± 6; 70% male; 32% with diabetes; mean hemoglobin 11.7 ± 1.5; median ESA dose/week 8000 IU IQR: 4000-12.000). Patients in the highest ERI tercile were mostly female, younger, more diabetic and with slightly higher proportion of iron prescription compared to those in the lowest tercile of ERI. The multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, diabetes and vascular access demonstrated that higher serum levels of IL-1β and IFN-γ were associated with higher ESA resistance, while there were no detectable associations of serum levels of IL-6 or CRP and ERI. Conclusion Among the biomarkers included in this comprehensive panel of biomarkers representing the multilevel nature of immune dysfunction in CKD, we observed associations between higher concentrations of innate (IL-1β) and adaptive (IFN) immune response and ESA hyporesponsiveness. Our results support the role of immune dysfunction in the pathophysiology of CKD anemia.

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Probiotics Stimulate Production of Natural Antibodies in Chickens

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00161-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 975-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 146

Author(s):

Hamid R. Haghighi ◽

Jianhua Gong ◽

Carlton L. Gyles ◽

M. Anthony Hayes ◽

Huaijun Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Natural Antibodies ◽

Commensal Bacteria ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Alpha Toxin ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Commensal bacteria in the intestine play an important role in the development of immune response. These bacteria interact with cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Among cells of the GALT, B-1 cells are of note. These cells are involved in the production of natural antibodies. In the present study, we determined whether manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by administration of probiotics, which we had previously shown to enhance specific systemic antibody response, could affect the development of natural antibodies in the intestines and sera of chickens. Our findings demonstrate that when 1-day-old chicks were treated with probiotics, serum and intestinal antibodies reactive to tetanus toxoid (TT) and Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin in addition to intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) reactive to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were increased in unimmunized chickens. Moreover, IgG antibodies reactive to TT were increased in the intestines of probiotic-treated chickens compared to those of untreated controls. In serum, IgG and IgM reactive to TT and alpha-toxin were increased in probiotic-treated, unimmunized chickens compared to levels in untreated controls. However, no significant difference in serum levels of IgM or IgG response to BSA was observed. These results are suggestive of the induction of natural antibodies in probiotic-treated, unimmunized chickens. Elucidating the role of these antibodies in maintenance of the chicken immune system homeostasis and immune response to pathogens requires further investigation.

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The role of gamma-glutamyltransferase in malignant transformation and prognosis of ovarian cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e16524 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e16524-e16524

Author(s):

Richard Schwameis ◽

Gerda Hofstetter ◽

Stefanie Aust ◽

Stephan Polterauer ◽

Nicole Concin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Borderline Tumor ◽

Advanced Tumor Stage ◽

Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽

Ovarian Cancer Tissue

e16524 Background: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) – a membrane bound enzyme crucially involved in the cell’s detoxification pathway and apoptotic balance – is involved in tumor development, progression and chemotherapy resistance. Elevated GGT serum levels are associated with increased cancer risk in women and worse prognosis in gynecologic cancers. The present study investigated the prognostic role of GGT in ovarian cancer patients. Methods: In this multi-center study, pre-therapeutic GGT levels were ascertained in 634 consecutive patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC, n = 567) and borderline tumor of the ovary (BTO, n = 67). GGT serum levels were associated with clinico-pathological parameters and uni- and multivariate survival analyses were performed.Immunohistochemistry of GGT was performed in ovarian cancer tissue and correlated with GGT serum levels. Results: Pre-therapeutic GGT serum levels were higher in patients with EOC (28.56 [38.24] U/L) than in patients with BTO (20.01 [12.78] U/L, p = 0.01). High GGT serum levels were associated with advanced FIGO stage (p<0.001) and with worse overall survival in univariate (p < 0.001) and multivariable analysis (p=0.02, HR 1.2 [1.1-1.5]). We further investigated the association between systemic GGT serum levels and local GGT expression in EOC tumor tissue and observed an association between these two parameters (p = 0.03). Conclusions: High pre-therapeutic GGT serum levels are associated with advanced tumor stage and serve as an independent prognostic marker for worse overall survival in patients with EOC. GGT expression in ovarian cancer tissue is reflected in GGT serum levels.

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Th1/Th17-Related Cytokines and Chemokines and Their Implications in the Pathogenesis of Pemphigus Vulgaris

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2017/7151285 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Rodolfo Pessato Timoteo ◽

Marcos Vinicius da Silva ◽

Camila Botelho Miguel ◽

Djalma Alexandre Alves Silva ◽

Jonatas Da Silva Catarino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Th17 Cytokines ◽

Control Disease ◽

Desmoglein 3

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein-3. Despite the variety of findings, the chemokine and cytokine profiles that characterize the immune response in the disease are still poorly explored. Thus, 20 PV patients and 20 controls were grouped according to gender, ethnicity, place of residence, and clinical parameters of the disease. Then, the levels of chemokines and of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg/Th9/Th22-related cytokines were assessed in the serum. PV patients had higher levels of inflammatory Th1/Th17 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-23), as well as higher levels of CXCL8 and reduced levels of Th1/Th2-related chemokines (IP-10 and CCL11). However, no differences in the levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-9, IL-12, TGF-β, IL-33, MCP-1, RANTES, and MIP-1α were found between PV patients and their control counterparts. Furthermore, PV patients with skin lesions had higher serum levels of IL-6 and CXCL8 when compared to PV patients without lesions. Taken together, our findings describe the role of cytokines and chemokines associated with Th1/Th17 immune response in PV patients. Finally, these data are important for better understanding of the immune aspects that control disease outcome, and they may also provide important information about why patients develop autoantibodies against desmogleins.

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Immune Response to the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Infection: Possible Mechanism of Nutrition (Vitamins, Supplement) and Exercise

Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.18502/pbr.v6i(s2).5659 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullahi Alausa ◽

Rofiat Adeyemi ◽

Barakat Olaleke ◽

Aminat Ismail ◽

Faith Sunday Oyelere

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune System ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Immune Dysfunction ◽

Nutritional Intake ◽

Moderate Exercise ◽

The World ◽

Positive Results

COVID-19 infection, a ravaging disease attributed to a SARS-CoV-like illness, has brought the world to its knee, causing a pandemic, with human-human transmission as a major source of the spread of this ailment. Alarmingly, this infection based on clinical manifestations is diagnosed as virus-induced pneumonia, with over 5 million cases with a mortality rate of about 7% (based on the recently published global report). However, most deaths have been associated with patients with underlying immune dysfunction or a compromised immunesystem. As no specific therapeutics and vaccines have been reported, the strengthening of the immune system through nutritional intake and exercise is essential. Also, previous studies have documented the immune-activating capabilities of Vitamin A and D, along with supplementary induction, yielding positive results in combating previous viral challenges. Typically, the gradual upsurge of T-lymphocytes and immune cell activities has been implemented by moderate exercise activities. This review examines the role of nutrition and exercise in immune system enhancement and proposes the possible mechanism of nutrition and exercise in combating COVID-19 infection.

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Insights into the naturally acquired immune response toPlasmodium vivaxmalaria

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182015000670 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 154-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

RHEA J. LONGLEY ◽

JETSUMON SATTABONGKOT ◽

IVO MUELLER

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Immune Dysfunction ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Immune Memory ◽

Acquired Immunity ◽

Memory Response ◽

Humoral Immune

SUMMARYPlasmodium vivaxis the most geographically widespread of the malaria parasites causing human disease, yet it is comparatively understudied compared withPlasmodium falciparum.In this article we review what is known about naturally acquired immunity toP. vivax, and importantly, how this differs to that acquired againstP. falciparum.Immunity to clinicalP. vivaxinfection is acquired more quickly than toP. falciparum, and evidence suggests humans in endemic areas also have a greater capacity to mount a successful immunological memory response to this pathogen. Both of these factors give promise to the idea of a successfulP. vivaxvaccine. We review what is known about both the cellular and humoral immune response, including the role of cytokines, antibodies, immunoregulation, immune memory and immune dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss where the future lies in terms of advancing our understanding of naturally acquired immunity toP. vivax, through the use of well-designed longitudinal epidemiological studies and modern tools available to immunologists.

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Medium cut-off dialyzer improves erythropoiesis stimulating agent resistance in a hepcidin-independent manner in maintenance hemodialysis patients: results from a randomized controlled trial

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-73124-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jeong-Hoon Lim ◽

Yena Jeon ◽

Ju-Min Yook ◽

Soon-Youn Choi ◽

Hee-Yeon Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽

High Flux ◽

Independent Manner ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Middle Molecules

Abstract The response to erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) is affected by inflammation linked to middle molecules in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We evaluated the effect of a medium cut-off (MCO) dialyzer on ESA resistance in maintenance HD patients. Forty-nine patients who underwent high-flux HD were randomly allocated to the MCO or high-flux group. The primary outcome was the changes of erythropoietin resistance index (ERI; U/kg/wk/g/dL) between baseline and 12 weeks. The MCO group showed significant decrease in the ESA dose, weight-adjusted ESA dose, and ERI compared to the high-flux group at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). The generalized estimating equation models revealed significant interactions between groups and time for the ESA dose, weight-adjusted ESA dose, and ERI (p < 0.05). Serum iron and transferrin saturation were higher in the MCO group at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). The MCO group showed a greater reduction in TNF-α and lower serum TNF-α level at 12 weeks compared to the high-flux group (p < 0.05), whereas no differences were found in the reduction ratio of hepcidin and serum levels of erythropoietin, erythroferrone, soluble transferrin receptor and hepcidin between groups. HD with MCO dialyzer improves ESA resistance over time compared to high-flux HD in maintenance HD patients. The MCO dialyzer provides superior removal of the inflammatory cytokine and thus improves iron metabolism in a hepcidin-independent manner.

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The cytokine status in infants with atopic dermatitis

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja793 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 33-41

Author(s):

Tat'yana Borisovna Sentsova ◽

S N Denisova ◽

M Yu Belitskaya ◽

T B Sentsova ◽

S N Denisova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Allergic Inflammation ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Control Group ◽

Specific Response

Background. To estimate the process of immunoregulation in infants aged 0-36 months with atopic dermatitis (AD) we have examined serum levels of cytokines and selectines in 89 infants with AD of different severity. Materials and methods. The serum concentration of total IgE was determined by the ELISA immunoenzyme method. For quantitative determination of the allergen-specific IgE and IgG to cow milk protein the non-concurrent immunoenzyme analysis was used. The serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, IL-13 was determined by the ELISA - enzym-linked immunosorbent assay. Results of this study showed the role of cellular immunity in the development of allergic inflammation and humoral specific response with significant role of the local immune response, in ADinfants with predominantly IgE response/ In patients with mixed type of immune response (IgE+IgG) we revealed increased serum concentration of IL-4, IL-5, IL-12 and IL-13 compared with control group. We revealed high levels of leukocyte migration factors: ICAM-1 (p

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Randomized placebo-controlled trial of Guggulu Ghanavati in Hyperlipidemia

National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science ◽

10.52482/ayurlog.v8i04.630 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Pravin Ashok Mali

Keyword(s):

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Body ◽

Arterial Walls ◽

Life Threatening

Hyperlipidemia is term used to denote raised serum levels of cholesterol or triglycerides or both. The lipid hypothesis proposed by Rudolph Virchow in 1856 suggested that blood lipid accumulation in arterial walls caused atherosclerosis. There is no precise term for hyperlipidemia in the Ayurvedic classics. Yet various scholars have tried use distinct nomenclature for hyperlipidemia, e.g., Rasagata Sneha Vriddhi, Rasa Raktagata Sneha Vriddhi, Dhamani Pratichayah, Medovriddhi, Medoroga or Medodosha, Ama Medo Dhatu, etc. A detailed study of hyperlipidemia reveals its similarity to Asthayi Medo Dhatu Vriddhi with regard to the pathophysiology. Also, this excessively increased Asthayi Medo Dhatu is Ama in nature, due to which it is retained in the body for a longer time, resulting in further complications. From the Ayurvedic point of view hyperlipidemia is a result of Santarpana. Acharya Charaka has stated that regular administration of Guggulu as a formulation can cure all the Santarpanjanya Vyadhis or diseases due to overnutrition. [7] Considering the lack of definite Ayurveda comprehension of hyperlipdemia, as well as the role of hyperlipidemia in the causation life-threatening diseases, we carried out this study to evaluate the efficacy of Guggulu Ghanavati in the management of hyperlipidemia.

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The Role of BNP and CRP in Predicting the Development of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

ISRN Cardiology ◽

10.1155/2013/235018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nektarios D. Pilatis ◽

Zacharias-Alexandros Anyfantakis ◽

Kyriakos Spiliopoulos ◽

Dimitrios Degiannis ◽

Antigoni Chaidaroglou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery ◽

Bypass Surgery ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Serum Levels

Objective. To evaluate the association of BNP and CRP with the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods. The series consists of 125 patients (aged 65 ± 9 years), who underwent isolated CABG-surgery. BNP and CRP levels were measured pre- and 24 hours postoperatively and their correlation to the development of postoperative AF was analyzed. Results. Forty-four patients (35%) developed AF postoperatively. They were significantly older (68 ± 8 versus 63 ± 9, P = 0.01) and predominantly nonsmokers (18% versus 46%, P = 0.004), compared to the non-AF cases. In addition they showed significant higher preoperative mean BNP levels of 629 versus 373 pg/mL (P = 0.019). Postoperative BNP levels were significantly higher in both groups (AF-group: 1032 pg/mL versus non-AF group: 705 pg/mL; P<0.001), while there was a trend of more increased postoperative levels in AF-cases (P = 0.065). AF-episodes appeared significantly more frequent in the two highest quartiles of BNP levels with 44% (P = 0.035). On the contrary pre- and postoperative CRP levels were not associated with AF. Multivariable analysis revealed only increased preoperative BNP levels as independent predictor for postoperative AF (P = 0.036). Conclusion. Elevated preoperative BNP serum levels are associated with the development of post-CABG AF, while CRP does not seem to be influential.

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Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2020-21-49-57 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-57

Author(s):

S. V. Orlova ◽

E. A. Nikitina ◽

L. I. Karushina ◽

Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽

O. E. Pronina

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Therapeutic Practice ◽

The Past ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

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