scholarly journals Comparison of Fixed Diameter-Limit and Selection Cutting in Northern Conifers

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Kenefic ◽  
Paul E. Sendak ◽  
John C. Brissette
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Analysis

Abstract Diameter-limit cutting is a common type of harvest in which all merchantable trees above specific size thresholds are removed. Despite a long history of application, controlled experiments of these harvests are rare and the cumulative effects of repeated diameter-limit cuts are largely unknown. The Penobscot Experimental Forest in Maine is the location of a long-term USDA Forest Service experiment in which both fixed diameter-limit and selection cutting have been applied at 20-year intervals since the early 1950s. After three entries, present value of gross harvest revenue was greater in the fixed diameter-limit than selection treatments. However, sawtimber volume and growth, total and merchantable volume, regeneration stem density, and inventory value all were lower in the fixed diameter-limit than selection stands. Accumulated value (harvest plus residual) and species composition did not differ between treatments. Within-treatment analysis revealed desirable directional changes in cull percentage and species composition in the selection but not diameter-limit cut stands, suggesting trends that may result in greater future treatment disparity. These data confirm the degrading effects of fixed diameter-limit relative to selection cutting, and reveal that greater short-term value removals are offset by lower residual stand volume and value. North. J. Appl. For. 22(2):77–84.

scholarly journals Rheumatoid arthritis onset after COVID-19 infection: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3713
Author(s):  
Thafar S. A. Safar ◽  
Karmen B. Katay ◽  
Reem H. Khamis
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Primary Health Care Centre ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Small Hand ◽  
History Of

At the end of 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Worldwide researchers and physician try to explore the mechanisms of damage induced by virus, they focus on the short-term and long-term immune-mediated consequences induced by the virus infection. Every day discover a new pathological condition induced by virus and new symptoms and disease may occur after recovery from disease. Our case report is 41 years old, Indian lady who presented to our primary health care centre complaining of multiple small hand joints pain, both elbows and knees pain with swelling of them and prolonged morning stiffness, diagnosed seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (arthritis, positive rheumatoid factor (RF), and X-ray changes) after 1 month recovery from COVID-19 infection. She did not have any joint pain and she had negative RF before COVID-19 infection with no family history of RA.

scholarly journals Journal of the History of Economic Thought Preprints - Limits to Arbitrage and Interest Rates: A Debate Between Keynes, Hawtrey and Hicks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy BRILLANT
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Limits To Arbitrage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Business Cycle

This paper deals with a debate between Hawtrey, Hicks and Keynes concerning the capacity of the central bank to influence the short-term and the long-term rates of interest. Both Hawtrey and Keynes considered the central bank’s ability to influence short-term rates of interest. However, they do not put the same emphasis on the study of the long-term rates of interest. According to Keynes, long-term rates are influenced by future expected short-term rates (1930, 1936), whereas for Hawtrey (1932, 1937, 1938), long-term rates are more dependent on the business cycle. Short-term rates do not have much effect on long-term rates according to Hawtrey. In 1939, Hicks enters the controversy, giving credit to both Hawtrey’s and Keynes’s theories, and also introducing limits to the operations of arbitrage. He thus presented a nuanced view.

5. Long Waves and Conjunctures of Democratization

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Dirk Berg-Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Long Waves ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

This chapter focuses on the history of democratization since the late eighteenth century. It introduces the concepts of ‘waves’ (trends) and ‘conjunctures’ (briefer turmoils) and delineates the major developments in this respect. In this way, the major long-term and short-term factors leading to the emergence and breakdowns of democracies are also highlighted. The first long wave occurred during the period 1776–1914, followed by the first positive conjuncture in 1918–19, the second long wave (with some intermittent turbulences) in 1945–88, and the latest conjuncture in 1989–90. The chapter identifies the main ingredients to democratization throughout history, namely: republicanism, representation, and political equality. It concludes by considering some of the current perspectives and dangers for the future of democracy.

scholarly journals Systematic review of clinical outcomes after prophylactic surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Davis ◽  
AEJ Trevatt ◽  
A Dixit ◽  
V Datta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Prophylactic Surgery ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

Introduction Prophylactic appendicectomy is performed prior to military, polar and space expeditions to prevent acute appendicitis in the field. However, the risk–benefit ratio of prophylactic surgery is controversial. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for prophylactic appendicectomy. It is supplemented by a clinical example of prophylactic surgery resulting in life-threatening complications. Methods A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE® and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Keyword variants of ‘prophylaxis’ and ‘appendicectomy’ were combined to identify potential papers for inclusion. Papers related to prophylactic appendicectomy risks and benefits were reviewed. Results Overall, 511 papers were identified, with 37 papers satisfying the inclusion criteria. Nine reported outcomes after incidental appendicectomy during concurrent surgical procedures. No papers focused explicitly on prophylactic appendicectomy in asymptomatic patients. The clinical example outlined acute obstruction secondary to adhesions from a prophylactic appendicectomy. Complications after elective appendicectomy versus the natural history of acute appendicitis in scenarios such as polar expeditions or covert operations suggest prophylactic appendicectomy may be appropriate prior to extreme situations. Nevertheless, the long-term risk of adhesion related complications render prophylactic appendicectomy feasible only when the short-term risk of acute appendicitis outweighs the long-term risks of surgery. Conclusions Prophylactic appendicectomy is rarely performed and not without risk. This is the first documented evidence of long-term complications following prophylactic appendicectomy. Surgery should be considered on an individual basis by balancing the risks of acute appendicitis in the field with the potential consequences of an otherwise unnecessary surgical procedure in a healthy patient.

scholarly journals Management of hydroureteronephrosis secondary to an aberrant middle rectal artery in a patient with congenital unilateral renal agenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e231576
Author(s):  
Jason Jae Yeun Kim ◽  
Margaret Mary Mansbridge ◽  
Brendan Jones ◽  
Christopher Bernard Michael Tracey
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Renal Agenesis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retrograde Pyelography ◽  
Unilateral Renal Agenesis ◽  
Middle Rectal Artery ◽  
History Of

Presented here is the case of a 21-year-old man, with a family history of unilateral renal agenesis, who presented with obstruction of his solitary functioning right kidney. Initially thought to be secondary to an obturator fossa hernia on endoscopic and retrograde pyelography assessment, diagnosis of obstruction secondary to an aberrant middle rectal artery was determined at laparotomy and division of this vessel relieved the patient’s obstruction without any short-term or long-term complications. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of hydroureteronephrosis secondary to an aberrant middle rectal artery.

History of lobotomy in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Jęczmińska
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Short Term ◽  
History Of

In Poland, there were 176 cases of prefrontal leucotomy performed by Moniz’s method between 1947 and 1951. There were also several cases in which alternative psychosurgical techniques were used: prefrontal topectomy by Bilikiewicz and colleagues, and prefrontal topischemia by Ziemnowicz. This article analyses the following: publications by Choróbski, who performed lobotomy in Poland, and by Korzeniowski, who assessed its short-term results; a report by Bornsztajn, who reviewed general results of the method; and clinical research by Broszkiewicz and by Konieczyńska, who assessed Polish patients in terms of long-term results of lobotomy. Negative clinical evaluation of lobotomy led to its abandonment in Poland, a decision strengthened by a regulation that forbade lobotomy in the USSR and impacted Polish psychiatry.

THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND THREE ROTATIONS ON WEED COMMUNITIES IN WHEAT (AFTER 21–22 YEARS AT INDIAN HEAD, SASKATCHEWAN)

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY HUME
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

The effect of fertilizer application and three rotations (continuous cropping, fallow-wheat, and fallow-wheat-wheat rotations) on the species composition of the weed community was examined using rotations that had been running for 21–22 yr at Indian Head, Saskatchewan. Before spring seeding, stinkweed and lamb’s-quarters were more abundant on wheat after fallow than they were on either wheat following wheat after fallow or on continuous cropping. After seeding, continuous cropping produced the largest weed densities of green foxtail, thyme-leaved spurge, and vetch. In most instances, Canada thistle was most abundant on continuously cropped and nonfertilized plots. After spring seeding, green foxtail was the only species with a larger density on fertilized plots. Interactions between fertilizer application and rotation, and among species, influenced species composition in the weed community. Fertilizer application tended to reduce community differences between continuous cropping and short-term wheat-fallow rotations. Allelopathic effects of Canada thistle may have reduced green foxtail and redroot pigweed densities. With the use of 2-or 3-yr wheat-fallow rotations and herbicide application, weed problems can be minimized in southeastern Saskatchewan.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and treatment outcome data on SUNCT and SUNA, including a randomised placebo-controlled trial

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1554-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Yu Weng ◽  
Anna S Cohen ◽  
Christoph Schankin ◽  
Peter J Goadsby
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Autonomic Symptoms ◽  
Primary Headache Disorders ◽  
Cranial Autonomic Symptoms ◽  
History Of

Background Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) are two rare headache syndromes classified broadly as Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TACs). Methods Here, 65 SUNCT (37 males) and 37 SUNA (18 males) patients were studied to describe their clinical manifestations and responses to treatment. Results Pain was almost always unilateral and side-locked. There were three types of attack: Single stabs, stab groups, and a saw-tooth pattern, with some patients experiencing a mixture of two types. As to cranial autonomic symptoms, SUNA patients mainly had lacrimation (41%) and ptosis (40%). Most cases of the two syndromes had attack triggers, and the most common triggers were touching, chewing, or eating for SUNCT, and chewing/eating and touching for SUNA. More than half of each group had a personal or family history of migraine that resulted in more likely photophobia, phonophobia and persistent pain between attacks. For short-term prevention, both syndromes were highly responsive to intravenous lidocaine by infusion; for long-term prevention, lamotrigine and topiramate were effective for SUNCT, and lamotrigine and gabapentin were efficacious in preventing SUNA attacks. A randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial of topiramate in SUNCT using an N-of-1 design demonstrated it to be an effective treatment in line with clinical experience. Conclusions SUNCT and SUNA are rare primary headache disorders that are distinct and very often tractable to medical therapy.

The Psychology of Consumerism in Business and Marketing

2015 ◽  
pp. 1845-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Branding Strategy ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Branding ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

In the past decade or so, various models have emerged concerning the study of culture and marketing in regards to consumerism, of which Geert Hofstede's dimensional model of national culture has been applied to various areas of global branding and advertising, and the underlying theories of consumer behavior. Hofstede's model has been used to explain differences regarding the concepts of self, personality and identity, which in turn explain variations in branding strategy and communications. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to address the psychology of consumerism in business and marketing from the macro and micro behaviors of Hofstede's cultural consumers. The chapter emphasizes Hofstede's fifth cultural dimension, long-term versus short-term orientation regarding marketing. In so doing, both macro and micro paradigms on the psychology of consumers' behaviors will be covered in relation to marketing, as well as a brief history of marketing and the marketing field.

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