Differences in JUUL Appeal Among Past and Current Youth JUUL Users

Abstract Introduction JUUL, a closed system e-cigarette with disposable pods, is popular among youth, with positive attributes of this product linked to current use by youth. However, many youth try JUUL and do not continue using; understanding differences in the appeal of this device between current users and those who chose not to continue use can inform regulation and prevention efforts. The aim of the current study is to compare JUUL appeal in youth among past users (i.e. used, but not in past month) and current users (i.e. used in past month). Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four Connecticut high schools in Spring 2018. This survey assessed JUUL use and reasons for liking/disliking JUUL, including its’ pharmacological effects (e.g., nicotine “buzz”), product characteristics (e.g., flavors), peer influence, appeal compared to other e-cigarettes, and concealability. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine differences in liking/disliking JUUL by use status (past vs. current). Results Among JUUL users (N=1374; 43% of total sample), 30.4% were past users and 69.6% were current users. Compared to current users, past users were less likely to like JUUL for positive pharmacological effects (e.g. nicotine “buzz”), product characteristics (e.g. flavors), and peer use and more likely to dislike JUUL for the adverse pharmacological effects (e.g. headache), product characteristics (e.g. flavors), and for “other” reasons (open-ended response; e.g., perceived harm). Conclusions Findings suggest that altering JUUL appeal through regulating nicotine content and flavors may be key in policy aimed at shifting youth to become past JUUL users. Implications The current study investigates how current and past youth JUUL users differ in their report of the appeal of JUUL. Past users are less likely to report experiencing positive pharmacological effects and product characteristics of JUUL and are less likely to report appeal due to peer use. Understanding how appeal of JUUL may differ among past and current users can aid in our understanding of how to regulate these products so that they are less appealing to current youth users.

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Psychosocial Factors, Smoke-Free Restrictions, and Media Exposure in Relation to Smoking-Related Attitudes and Behaviors among Adults in Armenia and Georgia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4013

Author(s):

Christina N. Wysota ◽

Marina Topuridze ◽

Zhanna Sargsyan ◽

Ana Dekanosidze ◽

Lela Sturua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

Media Exposure ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Quit Attempts ◽

Multivariable Regression ◽

Readiness To Quit ◽

Perceived Harm

Background: Perceived harm, social influences, smoke-free policies, and media exposure have been understudied in relation to tobacco-related attitudes/behaviors in aggregate or in low and middle-income countries; thus, this study examined these factors collectively in relation to smoking-related outcomes among Armenian and Georgian adults. Methods: Using 2018 cross-sectional survey data (n = 1456), multivariable regression analyses examined these factors in relation to smoking status, perceived harm among nonsmokers, and readiness to quit and past-year quit attempts among smokers. Results: Significant predictors (p < 0.05) of current smoking (27.3%) included lower perceived harm, more smoking friends, and fewer home and vehicle restrictions. Among nonsmokers, more home and restaurant/bar restrictions, fewer vehicle restrictions, greater anti-tobacco media exposure, and less pro-tobacco media exposure predicted greater perceived harm. Among smokers, greater perceived social acceptability of smoking, less anti-tobacco media exposure, and greater pro-tobacco media exposure predicted readiness to quit (12.7% of smokers). More smoking friends, more home restrictions, less anti-tobacco media exposure, and greater pro-tobacco media exposure predicted past-year quit attempts (19.2%). Conclusions: Findings support the importance of smoke-free policies but were counterintuitive regarding the roles of social and media influences, underscoring the need to better understand how to address these influences, particularly in countries with high smoking rates.

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Do regulations protect workers from occupational exposures to carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic (CMR) agents in France?

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2017-104586 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 389-397

Author(s):

Nathalie Havet ◽

Alexis Penot ◽

Morgane Plantier ◽

Barbara Charbotel ◽

Magali Morelle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

International Agency ◽

The European Union ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Limit Value ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

The Impact

ObjectiveThis article explores the impact of regulations on the implementation of collective protections in France to occupational exposure to carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic (CMR) agents.MethodsIndividual data from the French national cross-sectional survey of occupational hazards conducted in 2010 were analysed. We investigated whether stricter regulations and longer exposures were associated with higher level of collective protection using multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsGeneral ventilation, for which effect is limited as collective protection for CMR products, was present in 19% of situations involving CMR agents while isolation chambers, the most effective form of protection, were only very rarely implemented. Multilevel logistic regressions show that exposure situations to products classified as category 1 or 2 by the European Union do not have a higher probability of benefiting from a collective protection measures. Exposures to products with a Binding Occupational Exposure Limit Value selectively benefited from a better level of protection. Exposures to agents entered on the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) list of proven or probable carcinogens benefited more from effective collective protections than products suspected to be carcinogens but not yet classified by IARC.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the dissemination of evaluations of carcinogens by the IARC translate into improved protective measures even though the IARC classification has no mandatory impact on regulations.

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Prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021000215 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Yunfei Zhang ◽

Jiahong Sun ◽

Min Zhao ◽

Costan G. Magnussen ◽

Xi Bo

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Total Sample ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Shigatse city of Tibet municipality, with an average altitude of more than 4000 m. Subjects: Study participants included 2,642 adolescents aged 12-17 years selected from 6 schools using a convenient cluster sampling method. Results: The prevalence of thinness/overweight/obesity among Tibetan adolescents was 9.4%/5.4%/1.4% (China definition), 14.7%/4.4%/0.7% (IOTF definition), and 2.8%/5.7%/0.9% (WHO definition). The prevalence of thinness and overweight was significantly different between both sexes based on each of three BMI classification criteria (P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between both sexes according to each of three BMI criteria. There was no clear trend in the prevalence of thinness across ages according to the China or IOTF definition (both P >0.05), whereas an upward trend was observed for thinness in boys according to the IOTF definition (P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of thinness tended to decrease with increasing age in girls according to the IOTF definition, and in total sample according to the WHO definition (P for trend <0.05). Conclusions: Among Tibetan adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively low, while the prevalence of thinness is high, especially in boys. These data suggest urgent attention is needed to control adolescent thinness in Tibet.

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Extent of misuse and dependence of codeine-containing products among medical and pharmacy students in a Nigerian University

10.21203/rs.2.12661/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wuraola Akande-Sholabi ◽

Rasaq Adisa ◽

Olayinka S Ilesanmi ◽

Ayomide Esther Bello

Keyword(s):

Peer Influence ◽

Pharmacy Students ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Preventive Program ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medication Misuse ◽

Healthcare Students ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Nigerian University ◽

Cough Syrup

Abstract Background Misuse and dependency of opioids especially codeine-containing products is of increasing global concern. Inappropriate use of opioids among healthcare students could affect quality of service and ethical conducts of these future professionals, thereby putting the society at risk. Objectives To evaluate knowledge and perception of medical and pharmacy students in a Nigerian tertiary University on use of opioids with focus on codeine-containing products. Methods A cross-sectional survey among 335-medical and 185-pharmacy students from University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between September and December 2018, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results Codeine-containing cough syrup was the most commonly used opioid-products (163;31.3%) among the students. Majority (469;90.2%) had good perception about codeine-containing products, while 319(61.3%) had poor knowledge of opioids usage. Logistic-regression shows that students who experienced some side-effects they would like to experience again, 36.31[AOR=36.31, 95% CI: (10.89-121.12)] and those pressured into using codeine-containing products, 11.77[AOR=11.77, CI=95% (2.50-55.38)] had more tendency of misuse. Conclusion Misuse of codeine-containing products among medical and pharmacy students is obvious. Peer-influence and experience of some effects are significant predictors of misuse among the students. Thus, healthcare curriculum should incorporate preventive program on medication misuse, while policy that favours peer-support program on medication misuse is advocated for healthcare students.

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Willingness to pay for improvements in rural sanitation: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey of three rural counties in Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0248223

Author(s):

Diana Mutuku Mulatya ◽

Vincent Were ◽

Joseph Olewe ◽

Japheth Mbuvi

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

New Technologies ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Evaluation Research ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Households ◽

Life Years ◽

The Mean

Poor sanitation worldwide leads to an annual loss of approximately $222.9 billion and is the second leading cause of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY’s) lost due to diarrhoea. Yet in Kenya, the slow rate and levels at which the household’s access improved sanitation facilities remain a concern, and it is unknown if the cost of new technologies is a barrier to access. This study assessed the maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for SAFI and SATO sanitation products and identified those factors that affect the willingness to pay (WTP) valuation estimates by households in three counties in Kenya. It used quantitative economic evaluation research integrated within a cross-sectional survey. Contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to determine the maximum WTP for sanitation in households. We used the logistic regression model in data analysis. A total of 211 households were interviewed in each county, giving a total sample size of 633 households. The mean WTP for SAFI latrines was $153.39 per household, while the mean WTP for SATO pans and SATO stools was $11.49 and $14.77 respectively. For SAFI latrines, households in Kakamega were willing to pay $6.6 more than average while in Siaya, the households were willing to pay $5.1 less than the average. The main determinants of households WTP for the two sanitation products included household’s proximity to the toilet (p = 0.0001), household income (β = .2245741, p = 0.004), sanitation product (β = -2968.091; p = 0.004), socioeconomic status (β = -3305.728, p = 0.004) and a household’s satisfaction level with the current toilet (β = -4570.602; p = 0.0001). Increased proximity of households to the toilet, higher incomes, and providing loan facilities or subsidy to poor households could increase the demand for these sanitation technologies.

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E-Liquid Flavor Preferences and Individual Factors Related to Vaping: A Survey among Dutch Never-Users, Smokers, Dual Users, and Exclusive Vapers

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16234661 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (23) ◽

pp. 4661 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Romijnders ◽

Krüsemann ◽

Boesveldt ◽

Graaf ◽

Vries ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Influence ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Product Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

User Groups ◽

Never Smokers

Appealing product characteristics, such as flavors, may stimulate e-cigarette use. While switching to e-cigarettes may reduce harm for smokers, concerns exist about e-cigarette use among never-smokers. The role of flavors in the decision to switch to or refrain from vaping is unclear. This study used a bottom–up approach to investigate the relation between flavor preferences and individual factors related to vaping between various user groups. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among never-users (n = 407), smokers (n = 138), dual users (n = 122), and exclusive vapers (n = 61) in the Netherlands. Demographics, attractiveness of product characteristics, flavor preferences, and individual factors related to vaping (knowledge, trust, perceived susceptibility, attitude, social influence, deliberation, and intention) were assessed. The availability of different flavors was the most attractive characteristic of e-cigarettes. Dual users and exclusive vapers had most often used tobacco and menthol/mint flavors when they first started vaping. Compared to dual users, exclusive vapers currently used more fruit and sweet flavors. Never-users who were interested in trying an e-liquid flavor had more knowledge about and a more positive attitude towards e-cigarettes. Smokers who were interested in trying a flavor had a more positive attitude towards e-cigarettes and experienced the social influence towards not using e-cigarettes as less strong than those who did not want to try any flavor. Hence, individual factors related to vaping differed depending on whether never-users and smokers wanted to try an e-liquid flavor. This means that flavors may moderate differences found in individual factors related to vaping, or vice versa.

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Prevalence of Chronic Headache in Croatia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/837613 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vlasta Vuković-Cvetković ◽

Davor Plavec ◽

Arijana Lovrenčić-Huzjan

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Chronic Headache ◽

Adult Population ◽

Total Sample ◽

Medical Support ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ihs Criteria

Background. Chronic headache describes the presence of headache for >15 days per month on average for >3 months and fulfills the rest of the IHS criteria. The prevalence of chronic headache is within the range of 0.5–7.3% worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the 1-year prevalence of chronic headache in adult Croatian population.Methods. The data were collected from a cross-sectional survey of an adult population (>18 years of age) sample. Randomly selected patients from the general population in four Croatian cities were asked to fulfill a self-completed questionnaire. The prevalence of chronic headache was calculated in the sample representing 3 383 769 Croatian adults.Results. The total sample included 1542 responders among which 616 were with headache. The 1-year prevalence of chronic headache was 2.4%, and 0.9% of responders declared having headache 30 days per month. According to these results, 81 192 adult inhabitants in Croatia suffer from chronic headache.Conclusions. The prevalence of chronic headache in Croatia is comparable to other countries worldwide. These patients require special attention and should be offered multidisciplinary medical support.

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Family Role towards Smoking Behaviour among Children in Jakarta

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v9i1.457 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wahyu Septiono ◽

Dan Wolf Meyrowitsch

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

Parental Control ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Total Sample ◽

Smoking Behaviour ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Parental Approval

In Indonesia, the prevalence of smoking among 5 – 9 years old children has increased from 0.4% in 2001 to 2% in 2007. Among present adults smokers (>20 years), 17% started to smoke before the age of 13 years. This study identified factors related to smoking behaviour among 8 – 12 years old children in Jakarta, Indonesia using a questionnaire based cross sectional survey to obtain smoking status and possible predictors towards smoking habit. The total sample size was 1,097 students among 3rd - 7th grade students from schools in Jakarta. Self-reported smoking status was defined as whether the child had smoked tobacco within the past two months prior to the interview. The prevalence of smoking was 13.4%. Logistic regression analysis showed that high parental approval on tobacco use (OR=13.4; CI 95%: 5.1 – 35.1) was the strongest predictor on children smoking status, followed by low parental control (OR=12.1; CI 95%: 6.9 – 21.2), being a male compared to a female (OR=10.7; CI 95%: 5.3 – 21.7), mother (OR=10.58; CI 95%: 3.96 – 28.28), father (OR=7.69; CI 95%: 3.59 – 16.47), sibling (OR=7.91; CI 95%: 4.41 – 14.17) smoking status. Smoking parents and siblings, low parental control, and high parental approval on smoking were related to higher odds of smoking among children. The results were used as a rationale for suggestions and recommendations of relevance for future intervention programs and tobacco related research with specific focus on children.Prevalensi anak perokok umur 5-9 tahun di Indonesia meningkat dari 0,4% di tahun 2001 menjadi 2% di tahun 2007. Tujuh belas persen perokok dewasa menyatakan mulai merokok ketika berumur di bawah 13 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor terkait perilaku merokok anak umur 8-12 tahun di Jakarta dengan menggunakan pendekatan potong lintang untuk menjaring perokok anak dan faktor yang mungkin menyebabkan perilaku tersebut. Kuesioner digunakan untuk menjaring status perilaku merokok anak dalam dua bulan terakhir sebelum survei. Total 1.097 murid kelas 3 sampai 7 di Jakarta menjadi sampel penelitian dengan 13,4% responden merokok dalam 2 bulan terakhir. Analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa pembolehan merokok di dalam rumah oleh orang tua (OR=13,4; CI 95%: 5,1 – 35,1) menjadi penyebab terkuat, diikuti dengan rendahnya kontrol orang tua (OR=12,1; CI 95%: 6,9 – 21,2), siswa laki-laki (OR=10,7; CI 95%: 5,3 – 21,7), ibu (OR=10.58; CI 95%: 3.96 – 28.28), ayah (OR=7,69; CI 95%: 3,59 – 16,47), dan saudara kandung yang perokok (OR=7,91; CI 95%: 4,41 – 14,17). Orang tua dan saudara kandung yang merokok, rendahnya pengawasan orang tua, dan tingginya pembolehan merokok di dalam rumah menjadi penyebab perilaku merokok anak umur 8- 12 tahun. Hasil penelitian dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai rekomendasi untuk program intervensi di masa depan dan penelitian terkait tembakau dengan fokus kepada anak-anak.

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Public Interest in Distribution and Determinants of Influenza and Pneumonia Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Infodemiology and Cross-Sectional Study from China

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9111329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1329

Author(s):

Liubing Gong ◽

Xu Zhang ◽

Zhiqiang Qu ◽

Mark R. Francis ◽

Kaiyi Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Interest ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Volume Data ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Vaccination Uptake ◽

Search Volume

Background: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, global interest in influenza vaccines and pneumonia vaccines has increased significantly. We aimed to examine public interest in and actual market circulation of influenza and pneumonia vaccines before and after the initial outbreak of COVID-19 and estimate the coverage and determinants of influenza and pneumonia vaccination uptake following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We obtained search volume data for vaccines using the Baidu search index and collected the numbers of vaccines issued from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. We also conducted a cross-sectional survey among 3346 adult residents to evaluate the coverage and determinants of influenza and pneumonia vaccination uptake in the Yangtze River delta, China, from 29 January to 4 February 2021. Results: Public searches and the number of vaccines issued for the influenza vaccines and pneumonia vaccines obviously increased after the initial outbreak of COVID-19. In the total sample, 12.5% were vaccinated against influenza, and 21.5% had at least one family member vaccinated against pneumonia. A minority of participants perceived that they were highly or very highly susceptible to influenza (15.9%) and COVID-19 (6.7%). A range of socio-economic factors and perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 were associated with influenza and pneumonia vaccination uptake. Conclusions: Public interest in and issued volumes of influenza and pneumonia vaccines increased nationally following the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceptions of high susceptibility to COVID-19 were associated with the uptake of the influenza and pneumonia vaccines. Targeted interventions were needed to improve vaccination coverage.

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Willingness to Take the COVID-19 Vaccine as Reported Nine Months after the Pandemic Outbreak: A Cross-National Study

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci10110442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 442

Author(s):

Daicia Price ◽

Tore Bonsaksen ◽

Mary Ruffolo ◽

Janni Leung ◽

Hilde Thygesen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survey Design ◽

College Education ◽

Total Sample ◽

National Study ◽

Next Of Kin ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Cross National Study ◽

Cross National

Although vaccination has been identified as an effective measure of reducing the spread of COVID-19, hesitancy to obtain a vaccine for COVID-19 has been shared. The aim of this cross-national study was to examine (i) the willingness in the general population to take the COVID-19 vaccine nine months after the pandemic outbreak and (ii) the willingness to take the vaccine in relation to sociodemographic variables, whether one has experienced COVID-19 infection, concerns about health and family, and trust in the authorities’ information about the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data online in Norway, the UK, the USA, and Australia. Chi-Square tests or Fisher’s Exact test were used to analyze the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess direct associations between the independent variables and the outcome. Within the total sample (n = 3474), living in a city, having a college education, being concerned about your own health and the health of next of kin, and trusting information provided by authorities increased the likelihood of reporting willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Across all countries, participants who reported trust in the authorities' information about COVID-19 demonstrated a significantly higher plausibility of taking the COVID-19 vaccine.

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