Reproductive Technologies

Petri Dish ◽

Human Reproduction ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Gay Fathers ◽

The People ◽

Future Child

Reproductive technologies are those technologies that aid in animal and human reproduction. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are more narrowly defined as those technologies that help people suffering from social or bodily infertility create a family. Socially infertile includes single women and men as well as homosexual couples who rely on donated gametes for the creation of a future child. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is usually the first step taken by couples having trouble conceiving. The most general type of reproduction technology is in vitro fertilization (IVF), which means that the egg is retrieved from a woman’s uterus and sperm is introduced to these eggs in a petri dish. In the case of male infertility, intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSI) may be employed, which means that sperm are injected directly into the egg. IVF may include the use of donated sperm, oocytes, and embryos. In addition to gamete donation, surrogacy may be employed in cases where an intended mother or intended gay fathers cannot carry a pregnancy to term. In addition to being used to create families, contraception is also considered a reproductive technology. Anthropologists have been conducting ethnographic analyses of reproductive technologies by studying the people intimately engaged with these varying technologies. Scholarship revolves around major questions about markets and gift exchange, kinship, and how our understandings of family have shifted with the advent of reproductive technologies, as well as globalization and the ways in which bodies, people, and technologies traverse the globe.

Use of an oncology sperm bank: a Canadian experience

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.1076 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 219 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amanda Selk ◽

Timea Belej-Rak ◽

Heather Shapiro ◽

Ellen Greenblatt

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Success Rates ◽

Oncology Patients ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Sperm Bank

Background: We performed a retrospective chart review in 2006to review oncology patients’ use of banked semen samples infertility treatments at a tertiary care centre.Methods: From 2002 to 2005, 367 oncology patients bankedsemen. During the same period, 31 patients used banked samplesin 48 treatment cycles. Samples were used for intrauterine insemination(IUI) in 28 cycles and for in vitro fertilization (IVF) withor without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in 20 cycles.Results: Pregnancy rates per cycle were 21% for IUI and 50%for IVF with or without ICSI. Overall, 16 of the 31 couples achieveda pregnancy with assisted reproductive technologies (52%).Conclusion: This data indicates high pregnancy success rates withthe use of banked semen samples from men with cancer.Contexte : Une revue rétrospective de dossiers a été effectuée afind’examiner le recours à des échantillons de sperme provenantde patients cancéreux pour le traitement de l’infertilité dans uncentre de soins tertiaires.Méthodes : Entre 2002 et 2005, des échantillons de spermeprovenant d’un total de 367 patients atteints de cancer ont été misen banque. Durant la même période, 31 patientes ont utilisé ceséchantillons au cours de 48 cycles de traitement. Les échantillonsont été utilisés pour insémination intra-utérine (IIU) lors de28 cycles et pour fertilisation in vitro (FIV) avec ou sans injectionintracytoplasmique de sperme (ICSI) lors de 20 cycles.Résultats : Le taux de grossesse par cycle était de 21 % avecl’IIU et de 50 % pour la FIV avec ou sans ICSI. Au total, 16 des31 patientes sont devenues enceintes (52 %).Conclusion : Ces données montrent des taux élevés de grossesseobtenus par l’utilisation d’échantillons de sperme provenantd’hommes atteints de cancer.

Reproductive technologies, female infertility, and the risk of imprinting-related disorders

Clinical Epigenetics ◽

10.1186/s13148-020-00986-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patricia Fauque ◽

Jacques De Mouzon ◽

Aviva Devaux ◽

Sylvie Epelboin ◽

Marie-José Gervoise-Boyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Female Infertility ◽

Global Risk ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Genomic Imprints

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies suggest that singletons born from assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have a high risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, specifically for imprinting disorders. Because ART processes take place at times when epigenetic reprogramming/imprinting are occurring, there is concern that ART can affect genomic imprints. However, little is currently known about the risk of imprinting defects according to the type of ART or the type of underlying female infertility. From the French national health database, a cohort of 3,501,495 singletons born over a 5-year period (2013–2017) following fresh embryo or frozen embryo transfers (fresh-ET or FET from in vitro fertilization), intrauterine insemination, or natural conception was followed up to early childhood. Based on clinical features, several syndromes/diseases involving imprinted genes were monitored. The effects of ART conception and the underlying cause of female infertility were assessed. Results Compared with infants conceived naturally, children born after fresh-ET had a higher prevalence of imprinting-related diseases, with an aOR of 1.43 [95% CI 1.13–1.81, p = 0.003]. Namely, we observed an increased risk of neonatal diabetes mellitus (1.96 aOR [95% CI 1.43–2.70], p < 0.001). There was an overall independent increase in risk of imprinting diseases for children with mothers diagnosed with endometriosis (1.38 aOR [95% CI 1.06–1.80], p = 0.02). Young and advanced maternal age, primiparity, obesity, smoking, and history of high blood pressure or diabetes were also associated with high global risk. Conclusions This prospective epidemiological study showed that the risk of clinically diagnosed imprinting-related diseases is increased in children conceived after fresh embryo transfers or from mothers with endometriosis. The increased perturbations in genomic imprinting could be caused by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and potentially endometriosis through the impairment of endometrial receptivity and placentation, leading to epigenetic feto-placental changes. Further studies are now needed to improve understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms (i.e. genetic or epigenetic causes).

Clinical significance of sperm morphology in male infertility treatment

Experimental and Сlinical Urology ◽

10.29188/2222-8543-2021-14-3-127-132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 127-132

Author(s):

Yu.V. Olefir ◽

◽

D.M. Monakov ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Male Infertility ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Sperm Morphology ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Normal Sperm ◽

Starting Point

Introduction. Sperm morphology is one of the most common tests in fertility practice. The interlaboratory variability is the main drawback of the method. The clinical significance of sperm morphology in assisted reproductive technologies is controversial. The aim of the review is to address this question. Materials and methods. The search of relevant publications was carried out in PubMed and e-Library databases using the keywords «male infertility», «sperm morphology», «teratozoospermia», «IUI», «IVF», «ICSI». Conference abstracts and dissertations were excluded from analysis and 56 publications were included in this literature review. Results. The small numbers of studies were evaluated to the effect of teratozoospermia on the likelihood of natural pregnancy. The pregnancy rate was higher in the group of couples with normozoospermia. In the couples with severe teratozoospermia pregnancies rate was also detected. The most studies did not reveal a statistically significant effect of tertozoospermia on the frequency of pregnancy during intrauterine insemination. The data about the influence of sperm morphology on in vitro fertilization are contradictory. Early studies showed a positive correlation between normal sperm morphology and frequency of conception, but these results were not confirmed in further studies. The most studies have not been revealed the correlation between normal sperm morphology male fertility status, clinical and live birth rate. Discussion. To date the spermatozoa mofophology studying remains the «starting point» ofa man's examination for infertility. However, the data available do not confirm its role in choosing the method ofassisted reproductive technologies or predicting their results. Conclusions. To date the role of sperm morphology on conceive and pregnancy frequencies in ART use is controversal. The data available does not confirm the value of this test as a proxy of higher pregnancy and birth of healthy child probability. The further studies are required to address this question.

Pregnancy and live birth rates in women with endometriosis related infertility in Latvia

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190495 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 808

Author(s):

Jekaterina Avdotina ◽

Aleksandra Mezecka-Oleinika ◽

Vija Silina ◽

Zane Vitina

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Surgery ◽

Live Birth ◽

Human Reproduction ◽

Optimal Time ◽

First Year ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Women with endometriosis experience painful symptoms and/or infertility, others have no symptoms at all. According to European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology guidelines, surgery and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are an appropriate treatment in cases of endometriosis-associated infertility. There are controversial data on the results of surgery and ART in patients with endometriosis.Methods: Retrospective analysis including 99 infertile patients aged between 25 and 48 years old. All of them had laparoscopic surgery as the primary option. 51 of them undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection or frozen embryo transfer from 2003 through 2018 at SIA ‘Clinic EGV’.Results: The mean age of women was 34.2±4.5. In 56 (33.5%) cases was only surgery with 28 (50.9%) biochemical pregnancies and 26 (48.1%) live birth. In 111 (66.5%) cases there were surgery with ART with 48 (47.6%) biochemical pregnancies and 23 (22.7%) live birth. In 1 group patients mean age 30.7±4.6 and 2 group with mean age 35.1±4.2 (p=0.000). It was found that there is significant difference between endometriosis phenotype, infertility type, duration of infertility, repeated laparoscopic surgery, ART cycles, retrieved oocyte count and biochemical pregnancy rate.Conclusions: Patients with endometriosis related infertility should undergo surgical treatment as the primary option. Those patients who do not become pregnant after surgery must be treated with assisted reproductive technology. The optimal time to perform ART is first year after endometriosis surgery.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies and the Pregnancy Process: Developing an Equality Model to Protect Reproductive Liberties

American Journal of Law & Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0098858800007255 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 455-477

Author(s):

Judith F. Daar

Keyword(s):

Human Reproduction ◽

Parental Status ◽

Quarter Century ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

First Child ◽

Frozen Embryos ◽

The World

The world of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has forced our society to confront scenarios that were unimaginable a mere quarter century ago. The birth of Louise Brown in 1978, the first child conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF), introduced to the world the notion of asexual reproduction. The bitter battle over the parental status of Baby M., a baby born by a surrogate mother in the early 1980s, engendered a public debate over the interaction between contract law, family law and reproductive liberties that still rages today. In 1992, the highly publicized divorce of Junior and Mary Sue Davis focused national attention on the issue of proper disposition of frozen embryos. This case highlighted the fact that conception and pregnancy could be separated by a significant amount of time as a result of cryopreservation. While each of these events marked a step forward in the march toward total technological mastery of human reproduction, they also suggest that future struggles involving ART will grow increasingly fierce and complicated as our fund of knowledge increased. This Article suggests that current disputes over the disposition of frozen embryos are emblematic of that struggle.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies as Veritable Tools for Improving Production Efficiencies of N’dama and Muturu Cattle Breeds in Nigeria-A Review

10.5772/intechopen.100066 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cornelius Nwoga ◽

Nnanna Ikeh ◽

Matthew Onodugo ◽

Paul Baiyeri ◽

Ndubuisi Machebe

Keyword(s):

Artificial Insemination ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Human Reproduction ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Beef Cow ◽

Cattle Breeds ◽

Multiple Ovulation

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that have come to stay and are still being improved upon in developed countries are still in their infancy stage in developing countries like Nigeria. Nigeria’s cattle population is estimated to be around 18.4 million. The number is far insufficient to meet the country’s demand for meat, milk, and other cow products, let alone contribute to GDP. N’dama and Muturu are both Nigerian breeds that are resistant to trypanosomosis. They are humpless longhorn and humpless shorthorn types of beef cattle. The dairy and beef cow industries’ inadequate adoption of ART is partly to blame for Nigeria’s low cattle output. Sex determination, multiple-ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), oestrus synchronization, artificial insemination (AI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), cloning, and genetic engineering are all examples of assisted reproductive technologies. It has been reported in humans, rodents and domestic animals, abnormal fetuses, newborns and adult offspring arise from ART. Improper matching of breeding animals mostly leads to overfat calves. This review centers on the applications and potentials of ART in the production of trypanotolerant N’dama and Muturu cattle breeds. Some unorthodox medicines which have proven effective in human reproduction can circumvent the shortfalls in the adoption of ART.

Ethical and legal dilemmas in infertility treatment

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn0417085d ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Svetlana Dragojevic-Dikic ◽

Saveta Draganic ◽

Srdjan Dikic ◽

Vladimir Pilija

Keyword(s):

Infertility Treatment ◽

Human Reproduction ◽

Ethical Aspects ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Reproductive Techniques ◽

Embryo Stage ◽

Assisted Fertilization

One of the main characteristics of the new millennium is the affirmation of human rights in all aspects of human existence, with the intention of turning declarative statements into reality. Development of up-to-date assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and their application in infertility treatment have raised numerous ethical, legal, religious, social and other questions. In vitro fertilization, donation of gametes, embryos and pre-embryos, cryopreservation of gametes, embryos, ovarian and testicular tissues, embryo transfer, genetic reproductive techniques, cloning and other sophisticated methods used in infertility treatment require cooperation between the medical and legal professions. Ethical aspects of human reproduction and assisted fertilization are based on full respect of the life of an individual even before conception, from pre-embryo stage, via embryo stage and fetus stage to a newborn infant. Regarding investigative and clinical projects, this standpoint implies the legalization of all ART procedures, unencumbered exchange of information and consensus about their application, and adherence to the basic ethical principles of autonomy benefit, justice and common welfare. Ethical postulates provide unequivocal directions in the creation of new life and resolve all possible ethical dilemmas, protecting the rights of doctors and participant in relevant procedures alike and reasserting the crucial principle - respect of human dignity.

Thickness of endometrium: predictor of the effectiveness of IVF/ICSI programs (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽

10.26442/2079-5696_20.1.113-116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 113-116

Author(s):

L A Bagdasaryan ◽

I E Korneyeva

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Thickness ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Uterine Cavity ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

The Relationship

The aim of the study is to systematically analyze the data available in the modern literature on the relationship between endometrial thickness and the frequency of pregnancy in the program of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles found in PubMed on this topic. Results. The article presents data on the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy in ART programs. The greatest number of studies is devoted to the evaluation of the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy on the day of the ovulation trigger. Data are presented on the existence of a correlation between the thickness of the endometrium measured on the day of the ovulation trigger and the frequency of clinical pregnancy, as well as data on the need to evaluate the structure of the endometrium and the state of subendometric blood flow. The importance of multilayered (three-layered) endometrium as a prognostic marker of success in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection programs in the ovum is emphasized. The conclusion. The thickness of the endometrium can not be used as an argument for canceling the cycle or abolishing embryo transfer to the uterine cavity. Further studies in this direction are needed with a study of the morphological and molecular genetic characteristics of the endometrium, which in the future will allow us to evaluate the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the probability of pregnancy.

Legal restrictions on pre-implantation genetic diagnostics in the framework of in vitro fertilization procedure: foreign experience and Russian perspective

10.21516/2413-1458-2019-18-2-162-168 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

N.A. Altinnik , S.S. Zenin , V.V. Komarova et all

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Genetic Diseases ◽

Genetic Diagnosis ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Genetic Diagnostics ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Medical Indications

The article discusses the factors that determine the content of the legal limitations of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis in the framework of the in vitro fertilization procedure, taking into account international experience and modern domestic regulatory legal regulation of the field of assisted reproductive technologies. The authors substantiates the conclusion that it is necessary to legislate a list of medical indications for preimplantation genetic diagnosis, as well as the categories of hereditary or other genetic diseases diagnosed in the framework of this procedure.

Prevalence of pathogenic copy number variants among children conceived by donor oocyte

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86242-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sandra Monfort ◽

Carmen Orellana ◽

Silvestre Oltra ◽

Mónica Rosello ◽

Alfonso Caro-Llopis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Copy Number ◽

Copy Number Variants ◽

Significant Excess ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Donor Oocyte ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractDevelopment of assisted reproductive technologies to address infertility has favored the birth of many children in the last years. The majority of children born with these treatments are healthy, but some concerns remain on the safety of these medical procedures. We have retrospectively analyzed both the fertilization method and the microarray results in all those children born between 2010 and 2019 with multiple congenital anomalies, developmental delay and/or autistic spectrum disorder (n = 486) referred for array study in our center. This analysis showed a significant excess of pathogenic copy number variants among those patients conceived after in vitro fertilization with donor oocyte with respect to those patients conceived by natural fertilization (p = 0.0001). On the other hand, no significant excess of pathogenic copy number variants was observed among patients born by autologous oocyte in vitro fertilization. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results and in order to identify the factors that may contribute to an increased risk of genomic rearrangements, as well as consider the screening for genomic alterations after oocyte donation in prenatal diagnosis.