scholarly journals 950. Venous Thromboembolism in Persons Living with HIV (PLWH): A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S507-S508
Author(s):  
Kok Hoe Chan ◽  
Liana Atallah ◽  
Eyad Ahmed ◽  
Iyad Farouji ◽  
Joanna Crincoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Median Viral Load ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

Abstract Background Data on risk of thromboembolism in PLWH is limited. HIV is often recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease and has been recognized as a prothrombotic condition. We aimed to analyze the incidence and demographic of venous thromboembolism such as pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in PLWH admitted to our hospital. Methods We conducted a retrospective hospital cohort study on PLWH ≥ 18 years old who were admitted to our hospital between 09/01/2018 and 09/01/2019. Study individuals were recruited if they had complete laboratory profile and well-defined clinical outcomes. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were reviewed and retrieved. Descriptive analysis was employed to describe the demographic profile of PLWH with venous thromboembolism. Results Out of the 192 hospitalized PLWH during the study period, 15 (8%) patients had documented deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). History of DVT/PE was present in 5 (33%) patients while the rest had new onset of DVT/PE. Out of the 15 patients, 4 (27%) had DVT and PE, 4 (27%) had only DVT and 7 (46%) had only PE. The median age was 57 years, ranged from 40 to 74 years; 4 males and 11 females. As for ethnicities, 2 Caucasian, 12 were African American and 1 Hispanic. The average D-dimer was 4491. The median CD4 count for PLWH with venous thromboembolism was 487 and a median viral load of 900. In contrary, the median CD4 count of PLWH without venous thromboembolism was 420 and median viral load of 140. Though not statistically significance, higher viral load seems to associate with risk of venous thromboembolism. Surprisingly, female gender is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism in PLWH (z-score 2.75, p=0.0059; odds ratio [OR], 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56-13.69). Conclusion Our observation of PLWH with venous thromboembolism suggest that this population has an increased risk of venous thromboembolism as compared to general population. Female gender is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism in PLWH and higher HIV viral load seems to associate with higher risk. Larger prospective studies in this population are needed to dissect the interplay between HIV and venous thromboembolism. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Sleep apnea and venous thromboembolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 958-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Mattiuzzi ◽  
Massimo Franchini ◽  
Giuseppe Lippi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryRecent evidence suggests that obstructive sleep apnea is a significant and independent risk factor for a number of cardiovascular disorders. Since the association between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease is mediated by endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability and platelet abnormalities, we sought to investigate whether sleep apnea may also be considered a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). We carried out an electronic search in Medline and Scopus using the keywords “apnea” OR “apnoea” AND “venous thromboembolism” OR “deep vein thrombosis” OR “pulmonary embolism” in “Title/Abstract/Keywords”, with no language or date restriction. Fifteen studies (8 case-control, 4 retrospective observational, 2 prospective case-control and 1 prospective observational) were finally selected for this systematic review. In all studies except one (14/15; 93%), obstructive sleep apnea was found to be an independent risk factor for VTE, either deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). In the two prospective case-control studies the risk of DVT or PE was found to be two-to three-fold higher in patients with obstructive sleep apnea than in those without. In conclusion, the current epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that obstructive sleep apnea may be an independent risk factor for VTE.

scholarly journals High Altitude Is an Independent Risk Factor for Developing a Pulmonary Embolism, but Not a Deep Vein Thrombosis Following a 1- to 2-Level Lumbar Fusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester J. Donnally ◽  
Ajit M. Vakharia ◽  
Jonathan I. Sheu ◽  
Rushabh M. Vakharia ◽  
Dhanur Damodar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Lumbar Fusion ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objective: To identify if a 1- to 2-level posterior lumbar fusion at higher altitude is an independent risk factor for postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: A national Medicare database was queried for all patients undergoing 1- to 2-level lumbar fusions from 2005 to 2014. Those with a prior history of DVT, PE, coagulopathy, or peripheral vascular complications were excluded to better isolate altitude as the dependent variable. The groups were matched 1:1 based on age, gender, and comorbidities to limit potential cofounders. Using ZIP codes of the hospitals where the procedure occurred, we separated our patients into high (>4000 feet) and low (<100 feet) altitudes to investigate postoperative rates of DVTs and PEs at 90 days. Results: Compared with lumbar fusions performed at low-altitude centers, patients undergoing the same procedure at high altitude had significantly higher PE rates ( P = .010) at 90 days postoperatively, and similar rates of 90-day postoperative DVTs ( P = .078). There were no significant differences in age or comorbidities between these cohorts due to our strict matching process ( P = 1.00). Conclusion: Spinal fusions performed at altitudes >4000 feet incurred higher PE rates in the first 90 days compared with patients receiving the same surgery at <100 feet but did not incur higher rates of postoperative DVTs.

Glucocorticoid therapy rather than the inflammatory state is associated with pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in cardiac sarcoid

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kolluri ◽  
M Elwazir ◽  
A Rosenbaum ◽  
L Blauwet ◽  
O Abou Ezzeddine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

Abstract Background Sarcoidosis is an infiltrative inflammatory condition affecting multiple organs, with cardiac involvement designated as cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). It has been proposed that inflammatory conditions like sarcoid increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), defined as pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to the hypercoagulable environment created by inflammation. Purpose Although previous studies have demonstrated an association with sarcoidosis and VTE, these studies failed to account for steroid use (crucial for sarcoid treatment) as an important confounder. Also, no major studies have been done previously assessing the risk of VTE in CS specifically. The objective of this investigation is to determine the association between CS, steroid treatment for CS, and VTE. Methods Patients referred to our institution with concern for sarcoid/CS were retrospectively assessed. Specific variables of interest including general baseline characteristics and those specific to CS were analyzed for their association with VTE development. Results Using Heart Rhythm Society guidelines, 649 patients were split into three categories: 235 with no sarcoid (NS), 91 with extra-cardiac sarcoid (ECS) only, and 323 with CS. In univariate analysis, 39 (12%) CS patients developed a PE vs 9 (4%) NS patients (OR 3.44, p=0.0003) and 44 (14%) CS patients developed DVT vs 18 (8%) NS patients (OR 1.90, p=0.02). In multivariate regression analysis however, neither CS nor ECS was an independent risk factor for VTE (p&gt;0.05) but steroid use was a strong predictor of VTE (HR 3.12, p=0.007 for PE, HR 6.17, p&lt;0.0001 for DVT). Also, steroid dose was found to be an independent predictor for both PE (p=0.001) and DVT (p=0.007) in a Cox proportionate hazards model (significance appeared at &gt;17.5 mg daily on a receiver operating characteristic curve). Conclusion Contrary to previous studies, the current study found that neither sarcoidosis nor CS is an independent risk factor for VTE. Rather, steroid therapy for CS treatment leads to an increased prevalence of VTE, specifically at a dose above 17.5 mg daily. More research is required to clarify this relationship and assess the importance of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive therapy and potentially VTE prophylaxis in CS management. Steroid use and time to PE/DVT Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Incidence of venous thromboembolism among patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Rose Salinaro ◽  
Kourtnie McQuillen ◽  
Megan Stemple ◽  
Robert Boccaccio ◽  
Jessie Ehrisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

ObjectivesNeoadjuvant chemotherapy may be considered for women with epithelial ovarian cancer who have poor performance status or a disease burden not amenable to primary cytoreductive surgery. Overlap exists between indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and known risk factors for venous thromboembolism, including impaired mobility, increasing age, and advanced malignancy. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of venous thromboembolism among women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer.MethodsA multi-institutional, observational study of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for primary epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer was conducted. Primary outcome was rate of venous thromboembolism during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Secondary outcomes included rates of venous thromboembolism at other stages of treatment (diagnosis, following interval debulking surgery, during adjuvant chemotherapy, or during treatment for recurrence) and associations between occurrence of venous thromboembolism during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, subject characteristics, and interval debulking outcomes. Venous thromboembolism was defined as deep vein thrombosis in the upper or lower extremities or in association with peripherally inserted central catheters or ports, pulmonary embolism, or concurrent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic venous thromboembolism were reported.ResultsA total of 230 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included; 63 (27%) patients overall experienced a venous thromboembolism. The primary outcome of venous thromboembolism during neoadjuvant chemotherapy occurred in 16 (7.7%) patients. Of the remaining venous thromboembolism events, 22 were at diagnosis (9.6%), six post-operatively (3%), five during adjuvant chemotherapy (3%), and 14 during treatment for recurrence (12%). Patients experiencing a venous thromboembolism during neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a longer mean time to interval debulking and were less likely to undergo optimal cytoreduction (50% vs 80.2%, p=0.02).ConclusionsPatients with advanced ovarian cancer are at high risk for venous thromboembolism while receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Consideration of thromboprophylaxis may be warranted.

Venous Thromboembolism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo A. Escobar ◽  
Peter K. Henke ◽  
Thomas W. Wakefield
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Deep Vein

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) comprise venous thromboembolism (VTE). Together, they comprise a serious health problem as there are over 275,000 new VTE cases per year in the United States, resulting in a prevalence of one to two per 1,000 individuals, with some studies suggesting that the incidence may even be double that. This review covers assessment of a VTE event, initial evaluation of a patient suspected of having VTE, medical history, clinical presentation of VTE, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, imaging, prophylaxis against perioperative VTE, indications for immediate intervention (threat to life or limb), indications for urgent intervention, and management of nonemergent VTE. Figures show a modified Caprini score questionnaire used at the University of Michigan to determine individual risk of VTE and the indicated prophylaxis regimen; Wells criteria for DVT and PE; phlegmasia cerulea dolens secondary to acute left iliofemoral DVT after thigh trauma; compression duplex ultrasonography of lower extremity veins; computed tomographic angiogram of the chest demonstrating a thrombus in the pulmonary artery, with extension into the right main pulmonary; management of PE according to Wells criteria findings; management of PE with right heart strain in cases of massive or submassive PE; treatment of DVT according to clinical scenario; a lower extremity venogram of a patient with May-Thurner syndrome and its subsequent endovascular treatment; and various examples of retrievable vena cava filters (not drawn to scale). Tables list initial clinical assessment for VTE, clinical scenarios possibly benefiting from prolonged anticoagulation after VTE, indications for laboratory investigation of secondary thrombophilia, venous thromboembolic risk accorded to hypercoagulable states, and Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria Score to avoid the need for D-dimer in patients suspected of having PE.   This review contains 11 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 167 references. Key words: anticoagulation; deep vein thrombosis; postthrombotic syndrome; pulmonary embolism; recurrent venous thromboembolism; thrombophilia; venous thromboembolism; PE; VTE; DVT 

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Rivaroxaban for the Treatment and Long-Term Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Portugal

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Fonseca Santos ◽  
Sónia Pereira ◽  
Euan McLeod ◽  
Anne-Laure Guillermin ◽  
Ismini Chatzitheofilou
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Venous thromboembolism is a burden on healthcare systems. The aim of this analysis was to project the long-term costs and outcomes for rivaroxaban compared to standard of care (enoxaparin/warfarin) in Portugal for the treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A Markov model was developed using event rates extracted from the EINSTEIN trials supplemented with literature-based estimates of longer-term outcomes. Core outcomes included per patient costs and quality-adjusted life years reported separately per treatment arm and incrementally, as well as cost per quality-adjusted life years gained. The deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism indications were analysed separately. The analyses were conducted from the Portuguese societal perspective and over a 5-year time horizon. Costs and outcomes were discounted at a 5% annual rate. Several scenario analyses were undertaken to explore the impact on results of varying key modeling assumptions.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Rivaroxaban treatment was associated with cost-savings for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and was both cost-saving and more effective for the treatment of pulmonary embolism, compared with enoxaparin/warfarin.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> The results of the sensitivity and scenario analyses further supported that rivaroxaban is a cost-effective alternative to standard of care treatment. The use of an expert panel to derive some input values and the lack of Portuguese specific utilities were the main limitations.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Rivaroxaban represents an efficient alternative to using enoxaparin/warfarin in Portugal, as it’s associated with lower costs (for both indications) and greater quality adjusted life years (for the pulmonary embolism indication).</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords: </strong>Venous Thrombosis; Pulmonary Embolism; Rivaroxaban; Venous Thromboembolism.</p>

scholarly journals Anticoagulant therapies for acute venous thromboembolism: a comparison between those discharged directly from the emergency department versus hospital in two Canadian cities

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e022063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy J Bungard ◽  
Bruce Ritchie ◽  
Jennifer Bolt ◽  
William M Semchuk
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Acute Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Deep Vein

ObjectiveTo compare the characteristics/management of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) for patients either discharged directly from the emergency department (ED) or hospitalised throughout a year within two urban cities in Canada.DesignRetrospective medical record review.SettingHospitals in Edmonton, Alberta (n=4) and Regina, Saskatchewan (n=2) from April 2014 to March 2015.ParticipantsAll patients discharged from the ED or hospital with acute deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (PE). Those having another indication for anticoagulant therapy, pregnant/breast feeding or anticipated lifespan <3 months were excluded.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimarily, to compare proportion of patients receiving traditional therapy (parenteral anticoagulant±warfarin) relative to a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) between the two cohorts. Secondarily, to assess differences with therapy selected based on clot burden and follow-up plans postdischarge.Results387 (25.2%) and 665 (72.5%) patients from the ED and hospital cohorts, respectively, were included. Compared with the ED cohort, those hospitalised were older (57.3 and 64.5 years; p<0.0001), more likely to have PE (35.7% vs 83.8%) with a simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) ≥1 (31.2% vs 65.2%), cancer (14.7% and 22.3%; p=0.003) and pulmonary disease (10.1% and 20.6%; p<0.0001). For the ED and hospital cohorts, similar proportions of patients were prescribed traditional therapies (72.6% and 71.1%) and a DOAC (25.8% and 27.4%, respectively). For the ED cohort, DOAC use was similar between those with a sPESI score of 0 and ≥1 (35.1% and 34.9%, p=0.98) whereas for those hospitalised lower risk patients were more likely to receive a DOAC (31.4% and 23.8%, p<0.055). Follow-up was most common with family physicians for those hospitalised (51.5%), while specialists/VTE clinic was most common for those directly discharged from the ED (50.6%).ConclusionsTraditional and DOAC therapies were proportionately similar between the ED and hospitalised cohorts, despite clear differences in patient populations and follow-up patterns in the community.

Venous Thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Antithrombotic Agents ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
In Pregnancy

Venous thromboembolism, which involves venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and is being seen with increasing frequency in outpatients. This chapter discusses the risk factors, etiology, classification, pathophysiology, natural history, prognosis, diagnosis (including venous thrombosis, recurrent venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism), prophylaxis, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (including the pharmacology of antithrombotic agents), as well as venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and miscellaneous thromboembolic disorders (including thrombosis of unusual sites).  This review contains 8 figures, 16 tables, and 79 references. Keywords: Venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, embolectomy, thrombolysis, hypercoagulability, duplex ultrasonography, D-dimer, anticoagulation

scholarly journals Evaluation of the incidence of bleeding in patients prescribed rivaroxaban for the treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in UK secondary care: an observational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e038102
Author(s):  
Alison Evans ◽  
Miranda Davies ◽  
Vicki Osborne ◽  
Debabrata Roy ◽  
Saad Shakir
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Deep Vein

ObjectivesTo evaluate the short-term (12 weeks) safety and utilisation of rivaroxaban prescribed to new-user adult patients for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and for the prevention of recurrent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a secondary care setting in England and Wales.DesignAn observational cohort study using the technique of Specialist Cohort Event Monitoring.SettingThe Rivaroxaban Observational Safety Evaluation study was conducted across 87 participating National Health Service secondary care trusts in England and Wales.Participants1532 patients treated with rivaroxaban for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism from September 2013 to January 2016.InterventionsNon-interventional postauthorisation safety study of rivaroxaban.Primary and secondary outcome measures(1) Risk of major bleeding in gastrointestinal, intracranial, and urogenital sites and (2) risk of all major and clinically relevant non-major bleeds.ResultsOf a total of 4846 patients enrolled in the study from September 2013 to January 2016, 1532 were treated with rivaroxaban for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism. The median age of the deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism cohort was 63 years, and 54.6% were men. The risk of major bleeding within the gastrointestinal, urogenital and intracranial primary sites was 0.7% (n=11), 0.3% (n=5) and 0.1% (n=1), respectively. The risk of major bleeding in all sites was 1.5% (n=23) at a rate of 8.3 events per 100 patient-years.ConclusionsIn terms of the primary outcome risk of major bleeding in gastrointestinal, intracranial and urogenital sites, the risk estimates in the population using rivaroxaban for deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism were low (<1%) and consistent with the risk estimated from clinical trial data and in routine clinical practice.Trial registration numbersClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT01871194); ENCePP Registry (EUPAS3979).

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