scholarly journals 1004. Cladophora in Lake Michigan May Serve as Important Reservoirs for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S592-S593
Author(s):  
Dannielle C Grayer ◽  
Latania K Logan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Abstract Background Cladophora is a green algae, native to the Great Lakes, and found in large quantities along Lake Michigan shorelines. Previous studies have shown that Cladophora provide protection and nutrients for the Enterobacteriaceae (Ent) family, allowing persistence and regrowth. Chicago waterways harbor concerning antibiotic-resistant (AR) Ent, however the community reservoirs are unknown. Our primary objective was to assess whether Cladophora harbor AR Ent and to secondarily assess AR Ent in local beach waters where Cladophora are present. Figure 1. Map of Lake Michigan showing sites (S1-S3) where Cladophora samples were collected. NB, North Beach, Racine, Wisconsin; Michigan City, Indiana; PL, Portage Lakefront, Indiana Dunes National Park, Indiana. Figure 2. Map of Lake Michigan showing sites (S4-S7) where beach surface water samples were obtained. Montrose, Foster, 63rd St, & Calumet beaches in Chicago, Illinois. Methods Cladophora were processed from three Indiana Lake Michigan sites (S1 and S2; Fig 1) in 2002 and 2012 (S3; Fig 1) at the USGS Lake Michigan Ecological Research Station (Chesterton, IN). In 2015, surface water samples were obtained by the USGS at four Chicago beaches (S4-S7; Fig 2), which also amass Cladophora. Bacteria were isolated shortly after collection. In 2019-2020, Ent were cultivated and susceptibilities were performed at Rush. Results In 2002-2003 (S1 and S2), 160 E. coli were cultured from Cladophora. There was AR to multiple classes, highest overall in tetracyclines (7.5%, range 6.2%-18.7%), cefoxitin (8%), and cefazolin (5.6%). Resistance to cefuroxime was 0.6%. Four Salmonella isolates from 2012 (S3) were pan-susceptible, while two Citrobacter isolates were resistant to penicillins, 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins, and cephamycins. Beach surface water samples from 2015 revealed more pronounced AR in E. coli (n=185) involving multiple classes, including highest in ampicillin (12.4%), tetracyclines (8.1%); piperacillin (7%); cefazolin (3.8%), cephamycins (3.2%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (2.7%). Resistance to 3rd-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ranged from 0.5-2%. AR Ent varied by beach site with highest percentages at S4, the only site with an associated dog beach. Conclusion These findings suggest that Cladophora in recreational waterways may serve as reservoirs for AR Ent. Differences in AR Ent at beach sites may reflect varying degrees of fecal contamination. Identifying community reservoirs is key to better understanding the acquisition of antibiotic resistant Ent among healthy populations and has long-term ecological and public health implications. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Resistance Determinants, and Mobile Elements in Surface Waters in Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Moussa ◽  
Edmond Abboud ◽  
Sima Tokajian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Plasmid Analysis

AbstractThe prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in surface water in Lebanon is a growing concern and understanding the mechanisms of the spread of resistance determinants is essential. We aimed at studying the occurrence of resistant organisms and determinants in surface water sources in Lebanon and understanding their mobilization and transmission. Water samples were collected from five major rivers in Lebanon. 91 isolates were recovered out of which 25 were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and accordingly were further characterized. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most commonly identified MDR isolates. Conjugation assays coupled with in silico plasmid analysis were performed and validated using PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) to identify and confirm incompatibility groups and the localization of β-lactamase encoding genes. E. coli EC23 carried a blaNDM-5 gene on a conjugative, multireplicon plasmid, while blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1B were detected in the majority of the MDR isolates. Different ST types were identified including the highly virulent E. coli ST131. Our results showed a common occurrence of bacterial contaminants in surface water and an increase in the risk for the dissemination of resistance determinants exacerbated with the ongoing intensified population mobility in Lebanon and the widespread lack of wastewater treatment.

Impact of chlorine injury on reaction kinetics of coliforms and E. coli in colisureTM and LTB

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 419-422
Author(s):  
G. McFeters ◽  
M. Pickett ◽  
S. Broadaway ◽  
B. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Surface Water Samples ◽  
Over Time

This study compared a chromogenic and fluorogenic substrate based medium, Colisure, with the conventional fermentation based medium, lauryl tryptose broth (LTB), for the recovery of chlorine-injured and non-injured coliforms and E. coli. Mixed natural populations of coliforms from sewage, with and without chlorine exposure, and untreated surface water samples were examined following a USEPA established procedure. Colisure and LTB were examined after 20, 24, 28 and 48h incubation and reactions verified. There were slight increases in positive reactions over time with unchlorinated samples, for which the two media gave similar kinetic patterns. The increases over time with chlorinated samples were much greater than with unchlorinated samples. LTB gave significantly lower total positive responses and had a more pronounced lag period than did Colisure. Total coliform bacteria from surface water samples gave somewhat different reactions with more of an increase with time. Colisure recovered comparable or higher numbers of total coliforms and E. coli in 20–28h than LTB after 48h. These results confirm that Colisure gives improved recovery of chlorine-injured total coliforms and E. coli under conditions simulating treated drinking and source water, resulting in a more realistic estimate of the actual population of indicator bacteria in public water supplies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Antimicrobial Residues in Wastewater and Surface Water

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Kristýna Hricová ◽  
Magdaléna Röderová ◽  
Petr Fryčák ◽  
Volodymyr Pauk ◽  
Ondřej Kurka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Due to the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in human and veterinary medicine, residues of various antimicrobials get into wastewater and, subsequently, surface water. On the one hand, a combination of processes in wastewater treatment plants aims to eliminate chemical and biological pollutants; on the other hand, this environment may create conditions suitable for the horizontal transfer of resistance genes and potential selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Wastewater and surface water samples (Morava River) were analyzed to determine the concentrations of 10 antibiotics and identify those exceeding so-called predicted no-effect environmental concentrations (PNECs). This study revealed that residues of five of the tested antimicrobials, namely ampicillin, clindamycin, tetracycline, tigecycline and vancomycin, in wastewater samples exceeded the PNEC. Vancomycin concentrations were analyzed with respect to the detected strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), in which the presence of resistance genes, virulence factors and potential relationship were analyzed. VRE were detected in 16 wastewater samples (11%) and two surface water samples (6%). The PNEC of vancomycin was exceed in 16% of the samples. Since the detected VRE did not correlate with the vancomycin concentrations, no direct relationship was confirmed between the residues of this antimicrobials and the presence of the resistant strains.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Plasmid - Bearing Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria from Different Aquatic Sources in Akure, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Onifade, A. K. ◽  
Alaofin, S. ◽  
Owoyemi, O. O.
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the plasmid bearing multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria from different aquatic sources. Place and Duration of Study: This research work was carried out in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo state, Nigeria between January and June, 2018. Methodology: The pathogenic bacteria associated with water samples collected from different sources in Akure, Nigeria were isolated and characterized. A total of 521 water samples were collected from sources such as wells, taps, streams, rivers, boreholes and rain. All the samples were subjected to presumptive, confirmed and completed tests to evaluate their microbiological quality. The microbial types in the samples were determined using standard microbiological techniques. All isolates obtained in this study were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity analysis and screened for Beta-lactamase production (ESBL). Plasmid profile analysis of the resistance isolates was carried out using standard method. Furthermore, post-curing of the plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance isolates was performed and data obtained were analyzed and presented using analysis of variance. Results: Bacterial isolates such as Acinetobacter baumanni, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurum, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris and Vibrio cholerae were identified from the water samples. The isolate E. coli had the highest percentage distribution of 24.10% in well water and 26.19% in stream water while Salmonella species had the highest occurrence of 53.85% in rain water. The Beta-lactamase producing (ESBL) isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics except Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Pefloxacin that conferred antibacterial effect. Plasmid-gene profile analysis of the isolates revealed that S. typhimurium, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris possess single plasmid each while only E. coli contain two plasmid bands. The post plasmid-curing antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolates revealed that the initial antibiotic resistance of the bacterial isolates were plasmid mediated. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest the purification of water from these sources before consumption is important as most microbes found in these samples are potential pathogens that are capable of causing infectious diseases with multiple antibiotic resistant features.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Wastewater of Abattoirs

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Timo Homeier-Bachmann ◽  
Stefan E. Heiden ◽  
Phillip K. Lübcke ◽  
Lisa Bachmann ◽  
Jürgen A. Bohnert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Environmental Surface

Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are regularly detected in livestock. As pathogens, they cause difficult-to-treat infections and, as commensals, they may serve as a source of resistance genes for other bacteria. Slaughterhouses produce significant amounts of wastewater containing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB), which are released into the environment. We analyzed the wastewater from seven slaughterhouses (pig and poultry) for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-carrying and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. AMRB were regularly detected in pig and poultry slaughterhouse wastewaters monitored here. All 25 ESBL-producing bacterial strains (19 E. coli and six K. pneumoniae) isolated from poultry slaughterhouses were multidrug-resistant. In pig slaughterhouses 64% (12 of 21 E. coli [57%] and all four detected K. pneumoniae [100%]) were multidrug-resistant. Regarding colistin, resistant Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 54% of poultry and 21% of pig water samples. Carbapenem resistance was not detected. Resistant bacteria were found directly during discharge of wastewaters from abattoirs into water bodies highlighting the role of slaughterhouses for environmental surface water contamination.

Relationship of antibiotic resistance to results of treatment in sepsis patients in Hue Central Hospital 2017 – 2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Duy Binh Nguyen ◽  
Trung Tien Phan ◽  
Trong Hanh Hoang ◽  
Van Tuan Mai ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Relationship Of

Sepsis is a serious bacterial infection. The main treatment is using antibiotics. However, the rate of antibiotic resistance is very high and this resistance is related to the outcome of treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the situation of antibiotic resistance of some isolated bacteria in sepsis patients treated at Hue Central Hospital; to evaluate the relationship of antibiotic resistance to the treatment results in patients with sepsis. Subjects and methods: prospective study of 60 sepsis patients diagnosed according to the criteria of the 3rd International Consensus-Sepsis 3 and its susceptibility patterns from April 2017 to August 2018. Results and Conclusions: The current agents of sepsis are mainly S. suis, Burkhoderiae spp. and E. coli. E. coli is resistant to cephalosporins 3rd, 4th generation and quinolone group is over 75%; resistance to imipenem 11.1%; the ESBL rate is 60%. S. suis resistant to ampicilline 11.1%; no resistance has been recorded to ceftriaxone and vancomycine. Resistance of Burkholderiae spp. to cefepime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was 42.9% and 55.6%, resistant to imipenem and meropenem is 20%, resistance to ceftazidime was not recorded. The deaths were mostly dued to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The mortality for patients infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are higher than for sensitive groups. Key words: Sepsis, bacterial infection, antibiotics

Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane and MTBE in drinking water sources in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Simazaki ◽  
M. Asami ◽  
T. Nishimura ◽  
S. Kunikane ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Nationwide surveys of 1,4-dioxane and methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) levels in raw water used for the drinking water supply were conducted at 91 water treatment plants in Japan in 2001 and 2002, prior to the revision of the drinking water quality standards. 1,4-dioxane was widely and continuously detected in raw water samples and its occurrence was more frequent and its concentrations higher in groundwater than in surface water. However, its maximum concentration in raw water was much lower than its new standard value (50 μg/L), which was determined as a level of 10−5 excessive cancer risk to humans. Trace levels of MTBE were also detected in several surface water samples.

scholarly journals Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Herbert Galler ◽  
Josefa Luxner ◽  
Christian Petternel ◽  
Franz F. Reinthaler ◽  
Juliana Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine (n = 71) and broiler (n = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by E. coli from swine (n = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers (n = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ready-to-Eat Street Foods

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Shobha Giri ◽  
Vaishnavi Kudva ◽  
Kalidas Shetty ◽  
Veena Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

As the global urban populations increase with rapid migration from rural areas, ready-to-eat (RTE) street foods are posing food safety challenges where street foods are prepared with less structured food safety guidelines in small and roadside outlets. The increased presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in street foods is a significant risk for human health because of its epidemiological significance. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have become important and dangerous foodborne pathogens globally for their relevance to antibiotic resistance. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential burden of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae contaminating RTE street foods and to assess the microbiological quality of foods in a typical emerging and growing urban suburb of India where RTE street foods are rapidly establishing with public health implications. A total of 100 RTE food samples were collected of which, 22.88% were E. coli and 27.12% K. pneumoniae. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 25.42%, isolated mostly from chutneys, salads, paani puri, and chicken. Antimicrobial resistance was observed towards cefepime (72.9%), imipenem (55.9%), cefotaxime (52.5%), and meropenem (16.9%) with 86.44% of the isolates with MAR index above 0.22. Among β-lactamase encoding genes, blaTEM (40.68%) was the most prevalent followed by blaCTX (32.20%) and blaSHV (10.17%). blaNDM gene was detected in 20.34% of the isolates. This study indicated that contaminated RTE street foods present health risks to consumers and there is a high potential of transferring multi-drug-resistant bacteria from foods to humans and from person to person as pathogens or as commensal residents of the human gut leading to challenges for subsequent therapeutic treatments.

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